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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5797_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
Diagnostic
Ultrasound in
Dermatology
Huixiong Xu
Lehang Guo
Qiao Wang
Editors
123
Diagnostic Ultrasound in Dermatology
Huixiong Xu • Lehang Guo
Qiao Wang
Editors
Diagnostic Ultrasound
in Dermatology
Editors
Huixiong Xu
Department of Medical Ultrasound
Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital
Shanghai, China
Qiao Wang
Department of Medical Ultrasound
Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital
Shanghai, China
Lehang Guo
Department of Medical Ultrasound
Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital
Shanghai, China
ISBN 978-981-16-7344-3 ISBN 978-981-16-7345-0 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7345-0
© Shanghai Scientic and Technical Publishers 2022
Jointly published with Shanghai Scientic and Technical Publishers
The print edition is not for sale in China (Mainland). Customers from China (Mainland) please
order the print book from: Shanghai Scientic and Technical Publishers.
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher,
whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specically the rights of reprinting, reuse
of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microlms or in any other physical
way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer
software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specic statement, that such names are
exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publishers, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in
this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publishers
nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material
contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publishers remain
neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional afliations.
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore
189721, Singapore
Foreword I
With the improvement of people’s living standards and changes in the disease spectrum, the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases have attracted
more and more attention. Skin is the largest organ of the human body, and
it is also the organ with the highest incidence of diseases. People suffer
from skin diseases of various degrees throughout their lives, and more than
a quarter of the population is aficted with at least one skin disease.
Although most skin diseases have mild symptoms, skin disease has become
a heavy medical burden and even an important cause of disability due to the
increasing human life span and the recurrence of skin diseases. Skin is not
only a physiological organ, but also has an important social attribute. Skin
diseases have a signicant impact on both the psychological and the social
adaptability of patients. In addition, the intrinsic physiological and pathological information of the human body will also be reected on the skin, so
the detection and imaging of the skin are also helpful for the noninvasive
diagnosis of internal organs.
The types and manifestations of skin diseases are complex and various,
which are easily miss-diagnosed and misdiagnosed. Therefore, accurate
and quick diagnosis of skin diseases becomes the key to the management of
skin diseases. At present, there are two main categories of diagnostic methods for skin diseases: observation with the naked eye, and histopathological
examination by invasive skin biopsy. Both of them are hard to balance accuracy and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, dermoscopy, optical coherence
tomography, high-frequency ultrasound, and other noninvasive diagnostic
techniques have emerged, lling the gap between the naked eye and pathological diagnosis.
v
vi
Among many noninvasive diagnostic techniques, ultrasound is one of the
techniques that can realize multi-scale imaging. It can not only show deep
structures, but also supercial structures. With the development of ultrasound
imaging technology, ultrasound can provide more detailed information of the
skin. It has unique advantages in the current skin imaging technologies.
However, to display the supercial structures, it is necessary to overcome the
uctuation of the incident wave intensity in the ultrasound near-eld area. In
addition, skin ultrasound is a new interdisciplinary area. Conventionally, due
to the defects in engineering technology (uctuation of incident wave intensity in the near-eld area of ultrasound), the two disciplines of “dermatology”
and “ultrasound medicine” rarely intersect in the past. As a result, the lack of
relevant research, the shortage of skin ultrasound imaging talents, and the
lack of teaching system, are the current status. Therefore, there is an urgent
need for a professional book on skin ultrasound to guide clinical practice.
I have been familiar with Professor Huixiong Xu, the editor-in-chief of
this book, for almost ten years. Professor Xu is rigorous, pragmatic, diligent,
and steady. I have witnessed his endeavors and achievements in this emerging
eld for many years. Therefore, I am pleased to be invited as the honorary
editor-in-chief of this book and preface it.
The book is the rst professional book on skin ultrasound in China. It is a
meaningful reference book. It is believed that the book can play a role as a
good tool for physicians in ultrasound medicine and dermatology. I believe
that the publication of the book will also boost the development of skin ultrasound, and ultimately benet human being!
WeiqiWang
Academician, Chinese Academy of Engineering
Beijing, China
Foreword I
Biomedical Engineering Institute
Fudan University
Shanghai, China
Foreword II
Skin is the rst line of defense against various external injuries such as
trauma, infection, radiation, and environmental pollution, and it is the organ
of the human body most susceptible to external damage. Skin has a complex neurohumoral regulatory system, which is closely related to the functional status of various systems throughout the body. It is also one of the
most commonly involved organs in various diseases. In addition, skin is one
of the organs of the human body with the most vigorous metabolism and
active cell proliferation. The above factors determine the high incidence
and complexity of skin diseases, resulting in a great social burden and medical cost.
In the face of the complex disease spectrum and large patient population,
how to quickly and accurately diagnose skin diseases has become one of the
hotspots in clinical practice. Pathological diagnosis is still the gold standard
for most skin diseases. However, biopsy is invasive and is restricted by factors such as high cost, long procedure, high technical requirements, and limited sampling site.
The emerging of noninvasive skin diagnosis has gradually developed. By
means of visible light, ultrasound wave, laser, and electromagnetic wave,
noninvasive skin diagnosis can obtain the diagnostic information of skin diseases invivo and visually. These methods have been rapidly popularized and
promoted in recent years.
High-frequency ultrasound is an important imaging technique in the eld
of skin diagnosis. Thanks to the development of technology, its spatial resolution has been improved from millimeter level to submillimeter level, which
vii
viii
can display detailed structures such as epidermis and skin appendages. Highfrequency ultrasound will undoubtedly become a useful tool for skin
diagnosis.
It should be pointed out that although ultrasound is a mature medical
imaging technology, skin is a relatively new application scenario for ultrasound. Therefore, a professional textbook is necessary.
Thank all the editors for their sincere dedication and hard work, this
book is expected to help readers quickly master skin ultrasound. It is hoped
that noninvasive skin diagnosis technologies, including high-frequency
ultrasound, can greatly improve the diagnosis and treatment level of skin
diseases.
YongCui
China-Japan Friendship Hospital
Beijing, China
Foreword II
Foreword III
The techniques such as dermoscopy, CLSM, skin ultrasound, and OCT have
been gradually applied in clinical practice. In the past, dermatologists can
only rely on naked eyes and invasive pathology for diagnosis. Although
pathology is the “gold standard” for diagnosis, its invasiveness limits its ability to examine and evaluate skin lesions comprehensively. Nowadays, the
development of the above noninvasive technologies makes the diagnosis of
skin diseases enter a new stage, and also promotes the birth of a new noninvasive modality of diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases.
In recent years, the frequency of ultrasound transducers has been
increasing, which makes it possible to clearly display supercial skin
lesions. For ultrasound physicians, it is still necessary to learn comprehensively to meet the needs of clinical diagnosis and treatment. For dermatologists, ultrasound is a new technology and they require to learn new
knowledge in order to serve patients better. This book is the rst professional book on skin ultrasound diagnosis in China. From the view of ultrasound physicians, the book integrates a large number of efforts of
dermatologists and skin pathologists, with abundant contents and pictures.
This book will open a new horizon for both ultrasound physicians and
dermatologists engaged in noninvasive diagnosis.
My team has cooperated closely with Professor Huixiong Xu and Dr.
Lehang Guo. In the photodynamic noninvasive therapy of skin tumors and
port wine stains, skin ultrasound diagnosis and our existing dermoscopy and
uorescence diagnosis are complementary to each other, making an important contribution to the noninvasive diagnosis and treatment.
ix
x
Finally, thank the editors for their hard work and dedication! I believed
that in the future, skin ultrasound will provide broader ideas and more diverse
methods for disease diagnosis and treatment, and ultimately benet all
mankind.
XiuliWang
Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital
Shanghai, China
Foreword III