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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_3711_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана
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Index
https://t.me/med1917
491
B
Bacteriology, 259–261
BCG treatment, 365
Behçet’s disease, 463, 464
characteristics, 241
clinical manifestations, 242
epidemiology, 242
management, 243
pathogenesis, 242–243
Benign aortic tumor, 386
Bentall procedure, 280
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), 26, 40, 136, 167, 450
characteristics, 251
clinical presentation and diagnosis, 251–252
exercise restrictions, 253
genetics/pathogenesis, 251
management, 252
screening and follow up, 252–253
trans thoracic echocardiogram, 252
treatment, 253
women with, 253
Bicuspid aortic valve syndrome (BAV)
characteristics, 63
NOTCH 1 gene, 63
Biglycan, 33
Blunt aortic injury, classication of, 324
Blunt thoracic aortic injury (BTAI), 323
aortography, 404
associated injury, 401
chest radiographs, 402
clamp and sew technique, 407, 410
clinical presentation, 400–401
computed tomography, 402–404
direct and indirect forces, 400
endovascular technique, 405–407
epidemiology, 397–398
magnetic resonance imaging, 404
mechanism of injury, 399
motor vehicle collision, 397, 398
non-operative management, 410–411
open techniques, 407–410
osseous pinch, 399
pathophysiology, 398
peri-isthmus, 399
primary survey, 401–402
secondary survey, 402
shoveling mechanism, 399
super-pressurization version, 400
surgical management, 405
timing of repair, 404–405
transesophageal echocardiography, 404
trauma mechanism, 401
traumatic rupture, 400
variations, 399
“water-hammer” effect, 399, 400
zone of injury, 398, 400
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), 30
Bovine patch angioplasty, 227
Branched stent grafts, 313–316
Bronchobiliary stula, 382
Bronchoscopy, 390
C
Cannulation strategy, 136–137
Cardiac neural crest cells, 25
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgical
procedure, 277
CDKN2BAS and ANRIL genes, 73
CELSR2, 72
Cerebral perfusion
clinical practice for, 277
retrograde, 136
Chest radiographs, 85
aortoesophageal stula, 370
blunt thoracic aortic injury, 402
Chimney stent grating, 313
Chronic total occlusions (CTO), 222
Chuter branched stent technique, 316
Clamp placement, 285
Clopidogrel, 430
Coagulopathy, 280
Coarctation of theaorta
characteristics, 111
denition, 11
diagnosis
clinical presentation, 111–112
imaging studies, 112
echocardiogram, 112
endovascular stent placement, 115
etiology, 111
guideline statements, 122
management algorithm, 116–117
MRI, 113
prevalence, 111
pseudocoarctation, 119
treatment
bare metal endovascular stent
placement, 115–116
balloon angioplasty, 115
covered endovascular stents, 116
patient follow-up, 117–119
recurrent coarctation, 115
surgical repair, 113–114
Coarctation of the Aorta Stent Trial (COAST), 115
Cogan syndrome, 245, 464
Collagen, 31–32
bers, 29
Composite aortic stress/strain relationship, 23
Computed tomographic angiography (CTA)
aortocaval stula, 343
Computed tomography (CT), 90–92
aortoesophageal stula, 370, 371
aortourinary stula, 350
blunt thoracic aortic injury, 402–404
Concomitant femoral artery disease, 223
Conformable TAG (cTAG) endoprosthesis, 328
Congenital aortic stula, 357
Congenital coronary artery shunts, 358
Congenital Cutis Laxa syndromes, 40
Congenital stulas, 358
Congenital valvar stenosis, 450
Congenital vascular abnormalities, 355
Cook arch branched system, 317
Coronary artery stulas, 359
Coronary branch stula, 359
C-Reactive Protein (CRP), 388
Creep, 24
Cryopreserved allograft, 270
Cutis Laxa, 40
CXCL1, 73
Cystic medial degeneration (CMD), 34
492
https://t.me/med1917
Index
D
DAB2IP, 74
Dacron vascular grafts, 350
Debridement, 259, 262, 264, 265, 269, 271
Descending thoracic aortic aneurysm (DTA), 365
Direct surgical revascularization, 223–225
Distal aortic anastomosis and closure, 286–287
Distal aortoiliac thrombosis, 424
Double aortic arch, 12, 13, 98, 104–106
Double Branch Arch system, 317
Double branched endografts, 317
Drug coated balloons (DCB), 223
Drug eluting stents (DES), 223
Dual antiplatelet therapy, 430, 431
E
Echocardiography, aortic tumors, 390
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS), 39, 165, 437
characteristics, 247
clinical manifestation and diagnosis, 249
management, 249–250
pathogenesis, 248
type IV (see Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS))
Elastic bers, 29
Elastic properties, 21
Elastin, 27, 30–33
Elastolysis, 40
Electronic health records (EHR), 481, 482
Elephant trunk technique, 178, 285
ELN (elastin), 64
Endarterectomy, 432
Endoleak denitions, 208
Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT), 26
Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), 196, 208, 210, 212
Endovascular aortic repair (EVAR), 467
Endovascular iliac repair, 333
Endovascular revascularization, 223
Endovascular stent graft technique, 351, 352
Endovascular surgery, blunt thoracic aortic injury, 405–407
Enteric stula, closure of, 380
Epiaortic scanning (EAS), 89
Epithelioid angiosarcoma, primary, 386
ERG, 75
Esophageal carcinomas, 386
Esophagram, 100
Expanded polytetrauoroethylene (ePTFE), 328
Extra-anatomic revascularization, 227
Extracellular matrix (ECM), 29
F
False aneurysm (pseudoaneurysm), 200
Familial thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (FTAAD), 27, 37
via blood test, 68
characteristic features, 58
characteristics, 57–69
pharmacological cure, 68–69
non-syndromic, 63–66
syndromic, 57, 59
FBLN4 (bulin4), 64
FBNI (brillin1), 29, 64
Felt sandwich technique, 180
Femoral arteriotomy, 227
Femoral artery exposure, 225
Femoral-femoral cardiopulmonary bypass, 195, 228
Fenestrated endovascular aortic
repair (FEVAR), 468
Fenestrated stent grafts, 313
Fetal aortic disorders
cardiovascular defects, 440
congenital cardiac and vascular lesions, 440
echocardiographic evaluation, 440
fetal heart tones, 440
genetic amniocentesis studies, 440
hematologic abnormalities, 440
intrauterine congenital lesions, diagnosis of, 441
PDA, F-echo diagnosis, 439
physical examination and family history, 440
postnatal studies and neurodevelopmental assessment, 440
prenatal ultrasound diagnosis, 439
stenotic/obstructive lesions, 440
therapeutic considerations, 441
Fibrillin, 29
Fibrillin gene (FBN1), 60
Fibrillin mutations, 38
Fibronectin, 31
Fistula, 356
classication, 356, 357
denition, 356
diagnosis, 360
non-aortic thoracic, 357
types, 357–360
FOXE3 gene, 65
Frozen elephant trunk technique, 134–136, 181
FTAAD gene, 66
Fusiform aneurysm, 200
Fusion imaging, ascending aorta and aortic arch TEVAR, 307
G
Gastrobiliary stula, 382
Gene expression, 26
GenTAC registry, 30
Giant cell arteritis (GCA), 51, 52, 464
characteristics, 231
clinical features, 232–233
diagnosis, 231–232
epidemiology, 231
follow up, 236
histopathology, 233–234
imaging ndings, 234
laboratory testing, 233
polymyalgia rheumatica, 231
surgical treatment, 236
treatment, 234–236
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), 29
Gore TAG endoprosthesis, 328
Gore thoracic branch endoprosthesis, 317
Graft infection
air around existing, 270
bacteriology, 266–267
classication, 266
criterion for diagnosis of, 268
diagnosis, 267–268
endografts infection, 268
incidence and risk factors, 266
management, 268–271
presentation, 267
prevention, 268
recommendations, 271
suppressive antibiotic therapy, 269
Index
https://t.me/med1917
493
H
Horner’s syndrome, 387
Hybrid (combined surgical and endovascular) repair, of AAA, 299
Hypogastric arteries, 297
Hypopyon, 464
Hypothermic circulatory arrest, 277, 278, 282, 289
I
Iatrogenic aortic injury
aortic trauma lesions, 416
aortic wall, 416
cardiac procedures, 415, 416
causes, 415
description, 415
diagnosis, 417
lumbar discectomy, 418
treatment, 417–419
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD)
characteristics, 239
clinical presentation, 240
diagnosis, 240
epidemiology, 239
management (treatment), 241
pathophysiology, 241
Iliac reconstruction, 263
Iliofemoral bypass, 227
Infection
aneurysm, 259
(mycotic) aneurysm, 200
aortic aneurysm, 166
aortic graft (see Graft infection)
bacteriology, 259–261
clinical presentation, 261
diagnosis, 261–262
endograft, 268–271
pathophysiology, 259
postoperative management and outcome, 265
pre-procedure management, 262
procedural options, 262–265
recommendations, 266
types and incidence, 259
Inferior mesenteric artery (IMA), 297
Inammatory aneurysm, 200, 213
Inammatory conditions, 50
Infrarenal AAA, transabdominal/retroperitoneal approach, 302
Infrarenal aneurysm, 202, 293
abdominal aortic aneurysm, 212
repair of, 294
Intercostal artery reimplantation, 286
Intercostal patch anastomosis, 285
Interlamellar elastic ber, 29
Interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R), 73
Internal elastic lamina (IEL) characteristics, 45
Interrupted aortic arch, 13
Intramural hematoma (IMH), 324
characteristics, 149, 156
clinical presentation, 156
denition, 149
diagnosis, 140
epidemiology and presentation, 139–140
imaging, 156–157
management, 157
mechanisms, 156
pathophysiology, 156
treatment, 140
Intraoperative exposure, aorta, 225
Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), 89–90, 336
ascending aorta and aortic arch TEVAR, 307
Iritis, 463
Ischimura’s classication, 184
J
Juxtarenal aneurysm, 200, 293
K
Kawasaki disease, 464
Kommerell’s diverticulum, 149
characteristics, 157
clinical presentation, 157
incidence, 157
management, 157–158
L
Laminar medial necrosis (LMN), 34
Large latent complex (LLC), 27
Latency associated peptide (LAP), 27
Latent TGFβ binding proteins (LTBPs), 27, 30
LDLR (LDL Receptor), 71
Left heart bypass, 195
Left pulmonary artery, 15
Left subclavian artery (LSA) coverage, during TEVAR, 335
endoleak, 336
myocardial ischemia, 336
spinal cord ischemia, 336
stroke, 335
upper extremity ischemia, 335
Leriche syndrome, 218, 421
Leucine rich repeats (LRR), 33
LINC00540, 75
Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS), 33, 165, 166, 437
animal models, 61
characteristics, 61
clinical trials, 62
types, 27, 39
Longitudinal stress, 24
LOX, 65
M
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 92, 93
aortocaval stula, 343
aortoesophageal stula, 371
blunt thoracic aortic injury, 404
Malignant aortic tumor, 386
Marfan syndrome (MFS), 27, 164–165, 436, 437, 450, 463
AATAD, 136
animal models and molecular pathology, 60
characteristics, 59–61, 245
clinical manifestations, 246
clinical trials, 61
FBN1 gene, 60
incidence, 245
life expectancy, 60
management, 246–247
pathophysiology, 246
Medtronic Valiant stent graft, 329–331
MFAP5 (myobrillar associated protein 5), 64
Microbrils, 30
494
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Index
Middle aortic syndrome (MAS), see Abdominal coarctation
MMP9, 75
Motor vehicle collision (MVC), 398
Moyamoya disease, 40
Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, see Kawasaki disease
Mullins trans-venous/ trans-septal approach, 360
Multidisciplinary aortic centers, 473
administration, 478–479
aortic clinics and electronic health records, 480–481
benets of, 472, 481
board certication, 474
business models and strategies, 472
care coordinators, 479
case conferences, 479
dyad leadership model, 473
elevating credentials, 474
equitable case distribution planning, 474
fellowship training, 474
follow-up and surveillance, 478–481
goals, 471
governance, 473
industry partnership, 473
interdisciplinary cooperation, 479
intraoperative care, 478
patient identication, 476
marketing and outreach efforts, 476, 477
patient education, 477
referrals, 477
screening strategies, 477
patient satisfaction, 482
physician-administrator collaboration, 473
planning and buy-in, 472
postoperative care, 478–481
preoperative planning and care, 478
protocol development, 479–480
quality of care, 482
research, registries and clinical trials, 481–482
return on investment, 482–483
services offered, 473, 474
specialists and support staff, 474
cardiology and vascular medicine, 475
endocrinology specialists, 476
geneticists, 475
nephrology specialists, 475
neurology specialists, 476
nursing staff, 476
radiology and cardiovascular imaging teams, 474
vascular team, 473
volume and outcomes, 481
Multidisciplinary cross-continuum care, 476
Multidisciplinary team benets, 471
Mycotic aneurysms, 213, 260
redo operations and, 289
Mycotic pseudoaneurysms, 457
MYH11, 64
MYLK gene, 65
Myocardin, 27
Myocardin-related transcription factors (MTRF), 27
Myopia, 463
Near total branched arch stent grafting, 185
Neural crest cells, 26
Non-aortic thoracic stulas, 357
Non-infectious inammatory syndromes, 166–167
Non-inammatory conditions, 48
Non-ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms, 204
Non-syndromic ascending aortic disease, 37–40
Non-syndromic familial thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections,
63–66
NOTCH 1 gene, 63
NOTCH1 mutations, 26
O
Open aortic arch aneurysm repair
development, 178–179
dissections and connective tissue pathologies, 180
neuroprotective strategies, 179–180
operation, 180
outcomes, 182–183
Open surgical revascularization, 223
Open thoracotomy surgical intervention, 366
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)
characteristics, 250
pathogenesis, 251
P
Pararenal aneurysms, 200, 293, 294
Partial cardiopulmonary bypass versus left heart bypass, 278
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), 11, 357, 358, 360
Pediatric aortic disruption, 446
Pediatric aortic trauma, see Traumatic aortic injury
Pediatric thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms, 441
Penetrating aortic ulcer (PAU), 324
characteristics, 149, 157
denition, 150
type B, 157
Penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer (PAU)
calcication, 141
characteristics, 141
type A, 141
Penetrating trauma, 445
Penn classication, 130
Plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA), 222
Plaques, 427–428
Platelet derived growth factor BB (PDRF-BB), 25
Polymyalgia rheumatica, 231
Polytetrauorethylene (PTFE), 222
Primary aortoenteric stula, 375, 381
PRKG1, 65
Proximal anastomosis, 286
Pseudoaneurysm, 289
See also Aortic pseudoaneurysm
Pseudocoarctation, 119
PSRC1, 72
Pulmonary artery sling, 100, 106–108
Pyogenic aortitis, 52
N
NAD+ signaling, 67
NAIS procedure, 262, 264, 265, 270
R
Rapid prototyping, 467
Rashkind technique, 360
Renin-angiotensin system (RAS), 431
Index
https://t.me/med1917
495
Residual strain, 23
Resuscitative balloon aortic occlusion, 447
Retinitis, 463
Rheumatic aortic valve, 450
Rheumatic diseases, 463
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 245, 463
Right aortic arch, 11–12
Root repair, ATAAD, 136
Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
(rAAA), 341, 346
mortality rate, 298
repair of
duration of supraceliac clamping, 298
endoluminal aortic occlusion balloon, 298
endovascular techniques, 298
outcomes, 299
perioperative management, 298
transperitoneal approach, 298
S
Saccular aneurysm, 200
Screening Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Very Efciently
(SAAAVE) Act, 477
Seat-belt aorta injury, 400
Secondary aortoenteric stula, 375
Secondary infrarenal aortoduodenal stula, 375
Selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (SACP), 136
Selective Laser Sintering (SLS printer), 467
Sengstaken-Blakemore compression balloons, 373
Septicemia, 376
Serum response factor (SRF), 26
Shprintzen Goldberg Syndrome (SGS), 39
Single branched endografts, 316
Sino tubular junction, 455
Sinus of Valsalva, 453
SMAD2 gene, 27, 65
Smad4 mutations, 27
Small latent complex (SLC), 27
Small leucine rich proteoglycans
(SLRPs), 29, 33
Smooth muscle cells, 32–33
SMYD2, 75
SORT1, 72
Spinal cord ischemia (SCI), 334
Statin therapy, 431
Stent graft treatment, 247
Stereolithography (SLA printer), 467
Stroke, 335–336
Subaortic stenosis, 450
Superior mesenteric artery (SMA), 398
Suppressive antibiotic therapy, 269, 271
Suprarenal AAA repair, 294
Suprarenal aneurysm, 200, 293
Supravalvular aortic aneurysms, 279
Surgical pathology, 53
Surgical revascularization, 229
Surgical treatment
activation clotting time, 278
aortic arch disease, 279
cardiopulmonary bypass, 279
circumferential dissection, 277
complication, 280, 281
long term survival, 281
mortality, 280
root repair, 277
thoracic aortic aneurysms, 281
thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms, 281
transesophageal echocardiography, 278
upravalvular aortic aneurysms, 279
Symptomatic peripheral arterial disease, 218
Symptomatic pulmonary arteriovenous
stulas, 357
Syndromic and nonsyndromic ascending aortic
disease, 37–40
Syndromic familial thoracic aneurysms and dissections
(Syndromic FTAADs), 59
Syphilis, 463
aortitis, 52
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 245, 463
T
Takayasu arteritis (TA), 52, 436, 464
characteristics, 236
diagnosis, 237
medical treatment, 237–239
pathogenesis, 236
surgical treatment, 239
thoracoabdominal aorta involvement, 238
Temporal arteritis, 464
TEVAR
contraindication, 308
indications, 308
TGFB2 gene, 65
TGFB3 gene, 65
TGFBR1 gene, 65
TGFBR2 gene, 65
3D printing, aortic disease
description, 467
endograft, 467, 468
limitations, 468
preoperative planning, 467–468
process, 467
Thoracic aorta, 16
cellular pathology of, 66
Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs)
denition, 47
gene and cell therapy, 69
surgical treatment
anesthesia, 282
complications, 288
descending thoracic aorta segment
repair, 284–285
distal aortic anastomosis and closure, 286–287
elephant trunk repair, 285
follow up after open repair, 287–288
hypothermia, 283
intercostal patch anastomosis, 285
long-term survival, 288–289
operative and in-hospital mortality, 288
perfusion techniques, 282
positioning and exposure, 283–284
pseudoaneurysm, 289
redo operations and mycotic aneurysms, 289
spinal cord protection, 282–283
visceral branch vessel anastomosis, 285–286
visceral organ protection, 283
496
https://t.me/med1917
Index
Thoracic aortic disease, 189
Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR), 154–155, 323
aortic pathology, 323
aortic aneurysm, 323
blunt traumatic aortic injury, 323
intramural hematomas (IMHs), 324
penetrating aortic ulcers, 324
type B dissection, 323–324
chest radiograph, 324
clinical outcomes, 337
computed tomographic angiography, 324
Cook Zenith thoracic graft, 328
deployment, 337
Gore TAG endoprosthesis, 328
intraoperative anticoagulation, 337
intravascular ultrasound, 336
Medtronic Valiant stent graft, 329
Plus Delivery System, 327
post-procedure care, 337
pre-procedure considerations
access, 332–333
celiac artery, 336
device sizing, 334
landing zones, identication of, 333, 334
left subclavian artery coverage, 335–336
spinal cord ischemia, 334–335
Relay Plus stent grafts, 324
Thoracoabdominal aneurysms, 202
anesthesia/intraoperative monitoring, 192–193
circulatory support options, 195
Clark classication, 190
denition, 189
endovascular repair, 196–197
hybrid repair, 197
incidence, 191
indications for repair, 191–192
multiple congurations, 189
omni-retractor setup, 194
open repair, 192
organ protection, 195–196
pathogenesis, 191
preoperative workup, 192
Pruitt balloon tipped catheters, 194
spinal drain, 193
surgical approach, 193–195
Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs), surgical treatment, 281
See also Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs)
Thrombosis of aorta, see Acute aortic thrombosis
Total arch replacement (TAR), 134
Tracheoesophageal stulas, 367
Trans Atlantic Inter Society Consensus (TASC), 220, 223
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), 416
Transcranial Doppler, 308
Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), 87, 88, 307
aortic valve insufciency, 278
blunt thoracic aortic injury, 404
Transfemoral endovascular catheter technique, 366
Transforming growth factor β1, 2 and 3 (TGFβ), 27
Transthoracic echocardiography, 85–87
Transvascular biopsy techniques, 389
Traumatic aortic injury, 444, 445
blunt trauma, 445
diagnosis, 444
patients admission, 443–444
penetrating and blunt injuries, 445
registry, 447
treatment, 446
vascular trauma, 445
x-ray ndings, 444 (see also Blunt thoracic aortic injury (BTAI))
Triple branched endograft, 318
True aneurysm, 200
Turner syndrome (TS), 39, 437–438
Type A aortic dissection
mechanics and function, 21–24
Type B aortic dissection, 300, 301, 323
open surgical repair, 300–301
preoperative management, 300
U
Ulceration, 432
United States Preventative Services Taskforce
(USPSTF), 205
Upper extremity ischemia, 335
Ureteral stula, types of, 349
Urinary stula, 349
Urinary-vascular stula, diagnostic studies for, 350
Urovascular stula, 349
Uveitis, 463
V
Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (vEDS)
characteristics, 62
clinical trials, 63
COL3A1 mutations, 62
life expectancy, 62
Vascular stula, 377
Vascular ring
clinical presentation and diagnosis, 98–100
embryologic origin, 97
historical perspectives, 97
indications for surgery, 100–101
surgical intervention
aberrant right subclavian artery, 108
carotid artery, 103
double aortic arch, 104–106
Kommerell diverticulum resection, 102
pulmonary artery sling, 106–108
right aortic arch, 101
Vascular trauma, 445
Vasculogenesis, 9
Ventricular ejection, 16
Villefranche Classication, 248
Visceral artery
anastomoses, 287
perfusion, 286
Visceral branch vessel anastomosis, 285–286
W
Warfarin, 431
White blood cells (WBC’s), 388
Whole exome sequencing (WES), 68
Windkessel properties, 21
X
45X karyotype, 33
X-linked Alport syndrome, 39
Y
Young’s modulus of elasticity, 21
Z
Zenith Alpha stent graft, 328
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