Добавил:
Sekretar
kiopkiopkiop18@yandex.ru
t.me/Prokururor I Вовсе не секретарь, но почту проверяю
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5524_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
X
- •Table of Contents
- •Dedication
- •Foreword
- •Contributing Authors
- •Balancing limited resources and care of the individual patient
- •Reducing waste in the ICU
- •Practical Algorithms/Diagram
- •I: Background
- •1. Critical Care Responsibility in Healthcare Reform
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •2. Initial Approach to the Trauma Patient
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •3. Systems-based Approach to the Critically Ill Surgical Patient
- •Take Home Points
- •Main Body
- •Practical Algorithm(s)/Diagrams
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •II: System-Based Management
- •4. Central Nervous System
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Take Home Points
- •Main Body
- •Practical Algorithm(s)/Diagrams
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Practical Algorithm
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Practical Algorithm(s)/Diagram
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •5. Cardiovascular
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Cellular metabolism
- •Assessment of cellular metabolism
- •Oxygen delivery
- •Assessment of Oxygen Content
- •Assessment of CO
- •Assessing oxygen balance and cellular metabolism
- •Assessments of VO2
- •Practical Algorithm(s)/Diagrams
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Recognition of shock
- •Practical Algorithm(s)/Diagrams
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Resuscitation strategies
- •Resuscitation markers
- •Practical Algorithm(s) /Diagrams
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Practical Algorithm(s)/Diagrams
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Cardiac support
- •Vasoconstrictors
- •Vasodilators and sympathetic antagonists
- •Practical Algorithm(s)/ Diagrams
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •The conduction system of the heart
- •Cardiac electrophysiology and understanding the electrocardiogram
- •Main Body
- •Arrhythmia in the postoperative period
- •The evaluation of a patient with an arrhythmia
- •Bradyarrhythmias
- •Tachyarrhythmias
- •Practical Algorithm(s)/Diagrams
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •Take Home Points
- •Treatment of acute coronary syndrome
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Defining the acute coronary syndromes
- •Evaluation of a patient with a suspected acute coronary syndrome
- •Early diagnostic measures
- •Cardiac imaging
- •Definitive therapy for ACS
- •Sequelae of myocardial infarction
- •Post-myocardial infarction hospital care
- •Practical Algorithm(s)/Diagrams
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Practical Algorithm(s)/Diagrams
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •6. Respiratory
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •ICU patient/physiology
- •Airway equipment/management
- •Extubation
- •Practical Algorithm(s)/ Diagrams
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •I. Common indications for ABG:
- •II. ABG interpretation
- •III. Common causes of acid base disturbances in the ICU
- •IV. Sample ABG analyses
- •Practical Algorithm(s)/Diagrams
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Initiation of ventilation: modes of ventilation and phase variables
- •Positive-end expiratory pressure
- •Ventilator asynchrony
- •Acute hypoxic events during mechanical ventilation
- •Practical Algorithm(s)/ Diagrams
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Predicting the need for prolonged mechanical ventilation early
- •Transitioning the work of breathing to the patient
- •Determining successful transitioning
- •The myth of “minimal ventilator settings”
- •Extubation
- •The difficult to wean patient
- •Practical Algorithm(s)/Diagrams
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Complex pleural effusion/empyema
- •Hemothorax
- •Mediastinitis
- •Practical Algorithm(s)/Diagrams
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •7. Renal
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Practical Algorithm(s) / Diagrams
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Definition
- •Causes of oliguria
- •Work-up of oliguria
- •Initial management of oliguria
- •Commonly used medications associated with renal injury (not a comprehensive list)
- •Practical Algorithm(s)/Diagrams
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Key concepts of RRT
- •Hemodialysis versus hemofiltration: Mechanisms
- •Indications for CRRT and clinical considerations
- •Dosing
- •Practical Algorithm(s) / Diagrams
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Practical Algorithm(s)/Diagrams
- •Review of Literature
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Pathology
- •Diagnosis
- •Treatment
- •Practical Algorithm(s)/Diagrams
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •8. Gastrointestinal
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Practical Algorithm(s)/Diagrams
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •History
- •Controversial issues
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Practical Algorithm(s)/Diagrams
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Practical Algorithm(s) / Diagrams
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Practical Algorithm(s) / Diagrams
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Practical Algorithm(s) / Diagrams
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Practical Algorithm(s) / Diagrams
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •9. Hematology
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Theoretical basis for pRBCs transfusion
- •Practical Algorithm(s)/Diagrams
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Practical Algorithm(s)/Diagrams
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Practical Algorithm(s)/Diagrams
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •10. Infectious Disease
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Practical Algorithm(s)/Diagrams
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •Take Home Points
- •Background
- •Main Body
- •Practical Algorithm(s)/Diagrams
- •Review of Current Literature with References
- •Take Home Points
- •Background

This page intentionally left blankThis page intentionally left blank

Foreword
Critically ill patients encountered in the practice of acute care surgery are a
diverse lot. They may have widely divergent patterns of injury, or profound
immunosuppression from injury, massive transfusion, neoplastic disease, or
therapy, as after solid organ transplantation. Moreover, they may present at the
extremes of age, with diverse physiology and responsiveness to stress, particularly among elderly patients, who have senescent immunity and impaired
wound healing, and may have multiple medical co-morbidities — such as cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus — that may impair responsiveness to
injury-related stress, whether it be due to multiple injuries or major surgery, or
both.
Despite this diversity, there are crucial aspects of their disease states and
the care that critically ill surgical patients receive have much in common. The
practice of acute care surgery is inherently invasive. Incisions, percutaneous interventions, and indwelling monitoring catheters breach natural epithelial barriers to
invasion of the host by pathogens, posing incremental risk to a vulnerable population. The risk of nosocomial infectionis increased by about one-third compared
with comparably ill medical intensive care patients. In turn, such infections have
xi

xii Foreword
been associated with increased risk of mortality and other types of morbidity
related to multiple organ dysfunctions syndrome. The financial cost is enormous,
and survivors of complicated ICU courses may need months or years to achieve
full functional recovery.
The great paradox of critical surgical illness is that the most unstable, at-risk
patients often need the most aggressive, invasive care to achieve favorable
outcomes. The experienced acute care surgeon combines detailed knowledge of
anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, medical imaging, ethics, rehabilitation medicine, communication skills, team building,
monitors, devices, and biomaterials with consummate technical skill to integrate
pathophysiology and balance risk and benefit. Complex decision-making must
occur continuously and in parallel for multiple issues in several patients, and must
often be followed by decisive interventions. There is no substitute for experience;
computerized decision support systems and artificial intelligence engines have
yet to prove that they are equal to the task.
This procedure-oriented volume is directed appropriately and suited especially to medical students, surgery residents, and fellows in acute care surgery or
surgical critical care. Described herein are all of the common procedures that may
be indicated in daily practice in the surgical intensive care unit or the trauma bay.
Experienced practitioners will recognize that the descriptions in these pages
represent “a way” of doing things, not necessarily “the way.” There is indeed, as
the saying goes (with apologies to all animal-lovers), “more than one way to skin
a cat.” These procedure descriptions represent the collective wisdom and experience of the skilled, dedicated practitioners at Denver Health Medical Center
(DHMC), an institution of renown that is recognized for expertise and compassionate care for an underserved patient population. In their hands, these
interventions are effective and rendered as safe as they can be. Doctors Pieracci
and Moore and the group at DHMC are to be commended for this valuable contribution. It is hoped that the readership will be guided and inspired to master
these techniques and develop their own technical refinements to incorporate into
their own practices.
More than just a “how-to” manual, disease-state information is provided to
orient the reader to the appropriate use of these interventions. This contextual
information is fundamental by design, so the reader is reminded and encouraged
to look elsewhere for the detailed knowledge of critical illness and critical care
described above, which is mandatory and essential. Early command of these
techniques will provide the readership the opportunity to devote maximal effort

Foreword xiii
to mastery of the vast body of knowledge needed to practice acute care surgery
effectively and safely. Experience will accrue with time and effort.
Philip S. Barie, MD, MBA, Master CCM, FIDSA, FACS
Professor of Surgery
Professor of Public Health in Medicine
Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College of Cornell University
Attending Surgeon
Chief, Preston A. (Pep) Wade Acute Care Surgery Service
NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center
New York, New York
USA

This page intentionally left blankThis page intentionally left blank

Contributing Authors
Ashok Babu, MD
Assistant Professor of Surgery
University of Colorado School of Medicine
12505 E. 16th Ave.
Aurora, CO 80045
Email: Ashok.babu@ucdenver.edu
CARDIOTHORACIC
James R. Bailey, MD
Orthopaedic Surgery Fellow
University of Colorado School of Medicine
777 Bannock St. MC 0188
Denver, CO 80204
Email: James.Bailey@dhha.org
ORTHOPAEDICS
xv

xvi Contributing Authors
Carlton C. Barnett, MD
Professor of Surgery
University of Colorado School of Medicine
777 Bannock Street, MC0206
Denver, CO 80204
Email: Carlton.barnett@dhha.org
HEPATOPANCREATICOBILIARY
INTRA-ABDOMINAL INFECTIONS
Kathryn Beauchamp, MD
Chief of Neurosurgery
Denver Health Medical Center
University of Colorado Health Sciences Center
777 Bannock Street, MC0206
Denver, CO 80204
Email: kathryn.beauchamp@dhha.org
CEREBRAL BLOW FLOW
INTRA-CRANIAL HYPERTENSION
LUMBAR PUNCTURE
Marshall T. Bell, MD
Surgical Resident
University of Colorado School of Medicine
12631 E. 17th Ave, C-305
Aurora, CO 80045
Email: Marshall.bell@ucdenver.edu
BLOODSTREAM/CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER-ASSOCIATED
INFECTIONS
Bethany Benish, MD
Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology
University of Colorado School of Medicine
777 Bannock Street
Denver, CO 80204
Email: Bethany.benish@dhha.org
ARTERIAL CANNULATION

Contributing Authors xvii
Daine T. Bennett, MD
Surgical Resident
University of Colorado School of Medicine
12631 East 17th Ave MS 302
Aurora, CO 80045
Email: daine.bennett@ucdenver.edu
PLEURAL SPACE AND MEDIASTINUM
Denis Bensard, MD
Professor of Surgery
University of Colorado School of Medicine
777 Bannock Street, MC0206
Denver, CO 80204
Email: denis.bensard@dhha.org
PEDIATRIC
Clay Cothren Burlew, MD
Director of Surgical Intensive Care Unit
Denver Health Medical Center
Professor of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine
777 Bannock Street, MC 0206
Denver, CO 80204
Email: clay.cothren@dhha.org
ABDOMINAL COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
PERCUTANEOUS TRACHEOSTOMY
BEDSIDE LAPAROTOMY
Dominykas Burneikis, MD
Surgical Resident
University of Colorado School of Medicine
12631 East 17th Ave, MS C313, Aurora CO 80045
Email: Dominylas.Burneikis@ucdenver.edu
ACID-BASE PHYSIOLOGY

xviii Contributing Authors
Walter L. Biffl, MD
Associate Director of Surgery, Denver Health Medical Center
Professor of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine
777 Bannock St., MC 0206
Denver, CO 80204
Email: walter.biffl@dhha.org
RECOGNITION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SHOCK
TUBE FEED INTOLERANCE
Brandon C. Chapman, MD
Surgical Resident
University of Colorado School of Medicine
777 Bannock Street, MC0206
Denver, CO 80204
Email: Brandon.Chapman@ucdenver.edu
HEPATOPANCREATICOBILIARY
Shea Cheney, MD
Emergency Department Resident
Denver Health Medical Center
Department of Emergency Medicine
777 Bannock Street
Denver, CO 80204
Email: sheajcheney@gmail.com
CENTRAL VENOUS CANNULATION
Theresa L. Chin, MD, MPH
Surgical Resident
University of Colorado School of Medicine
12631 East 17th Ave, C313
Email: Theresa.chin@ucdenver.edu
GLYCEMIC CONTROL

Contributing Authors xix
Daniel Craig, MD
Neurosurgical Resident
University of Colorado School of Medicine
777 Bannock St, MC 0206
Denver, CO 80204
Email: daniel.craig@ucdenver.edu
LUMBAR PUNCTURE
Maria Albuja Cruz, MD
Assistant Professor of Surgery
University of Colorado School of Medicine
12631 East 17th Ave, MS C313
Aurora, CO 80045
Email: Maria.albujacruz@ucdenver.edu
ENDOCRINE EMERGENCIES
Thomas M. Dunn, PhD
Associate Professor of Psychological Science
University of Northern Colorado, Greeley
Greeley Clinical Instructor of Psychiatry University of Colorado School
of Medicine
Email: Thomas.Dunn@dhha.org
SURGICAL CRITICAL CARE AND BEHAVIORAL HEALTH
ETHICS OF SURGICAL CRITICAL CARE
C.N. Eisenhauer, MD
Surgical Resident, University of Colorado School of Medicine
12631 East 17th Ave, MS C313
Aurora, CO 80045
Email: Charles.Eisenhauer@ucdenver.eud
INITIAL APPROACH TO THE TRAUMA PATIENT
Соседние файлы в папке Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана
