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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_891_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана
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Pregnancy
INDEX
breast cancer in, 139
breast changes in, 137
injuries during, 62
laparoscopy in, 117
physiologic changes in, 62
Preload, 106–107, 110
Preoperative evaluation, 377–378
Preoperative prehabilitation
programs, 367
Pressure ulcers, 134
Priapism, 338
Primary aldosteronism, 327
Primary hemostasis, 21
Primary hyperparathyroidism, 326
Primary immune
thrombocytopenia, 23
Primary microbial peritonitis, 41
Primary sclerosing cholangitis, 246, 276
Primary survey, of trauma, 49, 59
Primitive neuroectodermal
tumors, 154
Principalist approach, to medical
ethics, 369
Process measures, 98
Proficiency-based simulation
training, 388
Progesterone, 139
Prognostic marker, 85
Proinflammatory cytokines, 9
Prokaryotes, 119
Prokinetic agents, 224, 224t
Prolactin, 139
Prolapse, rectal, 245, 250
Proliferative phase, of wound
healing, 73f, 74
Promoter region, 119
Prophylactic antibiotics
for colectomy, 246
for human bites, 133–134
for inguinal hernias, 316
for overwhelming postsplenectomy
infection, 306
for surgical infections, 38–39, 45, 102
PROPPR trial. See Pragmatic
Randomized Optimal Platelet
and Plasma Ratios trial
Prostaglandin E, 168
Prostate cancer, 338
Prostatitis, 338
Prosthetic grafts, 195
Protein C, 22
Protein synthesis, 120
Prothrombin, 21
Prothrombin complex concentrates, 24
Proton pump inhibitors, 216, 226
Proto-oncogenes, 154
Proximal left subclavian artery, 60–61
PRRs. See Pattern recognition
receptors
Pseudoaneurysms, 181, 183
Pseudohyponatremia, 13
Pseudomyxoma peritonei, 260
Pseudo-obstruction, colonic, 251
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
cells, 147f
PTC. See Papillary thyroid cancer
PTFE. See Polytetrafluoroethylene
PUD. See Peptic ulcer disease
Pudendal nerve, 242
Pulmonary artery banding, for
truncus arteriosus, 165
Pulmonary artery catheters, 109, 109f
Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure,
106–107, 109
Pulmonary artery slings, 166,
167f–168f
Pulmonary blood flow, 162
Pulmonary contusions, 58, 63
Pulmonary edema, 14, 174
Pulmonary embolism, 101, 200
Pulmonary function studies, in lung
cancer, 152
Pulmonary hypertension, 154
Pulmonary vein isolation, 177
Pulmonary venous obstruction,
after total anomalous
pulmonary venous
connection repair, 165, 166f
Pulmonary-to-systemic flow ratio, 162
Pulse pressure, 17
Pulse pressure variability, 110, 110f
Pulse volume recording, 190
Pulsus paradoxus, 55
Push enteroscopy, 238
PVI. See Pulmonary vein isolation
Pylephlebitis, 41
PVR. See Pulse volume recording
Pyogenic abscesses, 41, 272, 272f
Pyogenic pericarditis, 178
Pyruvate kinase deficiency, 301
Q
Quality measurements, Donebedian
model of, 98
Quid chewing, 144
R
Radial nerve, 355, 355f
Radiation enteritis, of small intestine,
238–239
Radiation therapy
for breast cancer, 140
description of, 138
dysphagia treated with, 210
soft tissue sarcoma risks, 311
Radical lymphadenectomy, 238
Radical mastectomy, 141
Randomized controlled trials, 381
Ranson’s criteria, 289, 289t
RCC. See Renal cell carcinoma
RCTs. See Randomized
controlled trials
Reading frame, 120
Reasonable person standard, 370
Reconstructive surgery, 361–362
Rectal biopsy, for Hirschsprung
disease, 334
Rectal cancer
endorectal ultrasound for, 242–243
total mesorectal excision for, 249
Rectopexy, abdominal, 250
Rectovaginal fistula, 253–255, 254f
Rectum
adenocarcinoma of, 256
distention of, 241
foreign body entrapment in, 255
layers of, 256
prolapse of, 245, 250
questions regarding, 241–257
wall of, 242, 242f
Rectus abdominis diastasis, 307
Recurrent laryngeal nerve,
212–213, 323
Refeeding syndrome, 19
Regional anesthesia, 245
Renal artery disease, 193
Renal artery revascularization, 193
Renal blood flow
intra-abdominal pressure
effects on, 116
pneumoperitoneum effects on, 115
Renal cell carcinoma, 337, 339
Renal failure, 91
Renal tubular acidosis, 17
Replantation, of limb or digit, 356
Resection
of colon, 243–244, 378
of colorectal cancer, 248, 367
of distant metastases, 85
laparoscopic, of colon, 378
minimally invasive, 243
Restrictive cardiomyopathy, 178
Resuscitation
for burns, 69
endpoints in, 35
fluids for. See Fluid resuscitation
for shock, 35
Resuscitative thoracotomy, 49
RET tyrosine kinase receptor gene,
324–325
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Retained surgical items, 99, 99t, 103
Retrograde embolization, 108
Retrograde pyelogram, 338
Retroperitoneal fibrosis, 309
Retroperitoneal infections, 309
Retroperitoneum, 309
Retropubic urethropexy, 343
Reverse-transcriptase PCR, 124
Reynolds pentad, 284
Rhabdomyomas, 180
Rheumatic disease, 175–176
Rheumatic fever, 174–175
RI. See Rothman Index
Rib(s)
fractures of, 63
“onion-peel” appearance of, 154
Right colectomy, 243
Right hemicolectomy, 260
Right hepatic artery, 282, 289
Right ventricular outflow tract
obstruction, 161, 170
Rituximab, 302
Rivaroxaban, 24
RNA, 120
RNA gel blot analysis, 124
RNA polymerases, 119
Robotic prostatectomy, 117
Robotic surgery
description of, 243
inguinal hernia repair using, 319
laparoscopic surgery versus,
116–117, 117f, 319
transabdominal preperitoneal, 319
Rothman Index, 108
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
complications of, 233–234
gastric stasis after, 224
illustration of, 228f
nutritional deficiencies after, 234
small bowel obstruction after, 234
Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy,
285, 287
RT. See Resuscitative thoracotomy
Rubber band ligation, for
hemorrhoids, 252
“Rule of nines,” 65, 66f
R-value, 28
RVOT. See Right ventricular outflow
tract obstruction
RYGB. See Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
S
S phase, of cell cycle, 83, 121
SAA. See Splenic artery aneurysm
Saccular aneurysms, 181
Sacral fractures, 352
Sacroiliitis, 246
Saddle anesthesia, 350
Saline
hypertonic, 14
normal, 14, 18
Salivary gland-type tumors, 147
Sarcoma
breast, 312
Ewing, 154–155
soft tissue, 311–312
Scar
hypertrophic, 80–81
remodeling of, 75
SCC. See Squamous cell carcinoma
Schatzki ring, 219
Schwann cell basal lamina, 77
Scimitar sign, 196
SCIP. See Surgical Care Improvement
Project
Sclerosing adenosis, 137
Sclerosing cholangitis, 246, 276, 280
Sclerosing mesenteritis, 309
Scrotum, 316–317
Scurvy, 79
Seborrheic keratoses, 136
Second-degree burns, 67
Second-degree hemorrhoids, 252
Second-impact syndrome, 347
Secretin stimulation test, 225–226
“Seed and soil” theory,
of metastasis, 84
SEER registry, 248
Seldinger technique, 109
Self-expanding stents, 189, 282
Sengstaken-Blakemore tube, 211
Sentinel lymph node biopsy
for breast cancer, 139
for melanoma, 132
Sepsis
incidence of, 43
postsplenectomy, 51, 299
survival rates for, 43
Sepsis syndrome, 46
Septic shock
characteristics of, 32
hyperglycemia in, 33
insulin resistance in, 33
treatment of, 33
Sequential Organ Failure Assessment
score, 38
Serine/threonine kinase receptors, 122
Serotonin, 21
Serum calcium, 15
Serum osmolality, 15
Serum sodium, 18
Sestamibi scans, 326
Sex hormones, 133
Sexually transmitted infections, 135
SGLT1. See Sodium glucose
co-transporter 1
Shock
blood loss percentages, 32–33
cardiogenic, 29, 34, 55–56, 56f
categories of, 29
compensated, 35
cytokine elevations after, 32
hemorrhagic, 19, 30
hypotension in, 35
hypovolemic, 29, 31–32
neurogenic, 29–31, 35
obstructive, 29, 35
questions regarding, 29–36
resuscitation for, 35, 62
septic, 32–33
signs and symptoms of, 32–33
tension pneumothorax as
cause of, 29
trauma-induced coagulopathy
caused by, 23
traumatic, 29
treatment of, 33–34
vasodilatory, 33
vasogenic, 29
Short bowel syndrome, 239
Shoulder dislocation, 352–353
Shouldice repair, 321
SICU. See Surgical intensive care unit
Side-to-side anastomoses, 244, 245f
Sigmoid colectomy, 244, 250
Sigmoidectomy, 256
Silver sulfadiazine
for burn wounds, 68–69
neutropenia caused by, 68–69
Simple pneumothorax, 56, 58
Simulation, 387–388
Simulation training, 388
Sinus bradycardia, 115
Sirolimus, 89t, 90
SIRS. See Systemic inflammatory
response syndrome
SJS. See Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Skin
epidermis, 133
Langerhans cells of, 133
lesions of, 135–136
partial thickness wounds of, 132
stratum basale of, 132
stratum spinosum of, 133
wound healing of, 76t
Skin cancer
basal cell carcinoma, 129, 135
melanoma. See Melanoma
squamous cell carcinoma, 130, 136
Skin-sparing mastectomy, 141
Skull base fractures, 346–347
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SLNB. See Sentinel lymph
INDEX
SMA. See Superior mesenteric artery
SMAD4 protein, 123
Small bowel obstruction
Small intestine
Small saphenous vein, 197
Smoke inhalation injury, 66
Smoking, 144
“Sniff Test,” 149
SOAPs. See Surgical, anesthetic, and
Social media, 389–390
Sodium
Sodium chloride, 14, 18
Sodium glucose co-transporter 1, 236
Sodium thiosulfate, for cyanide
SOFA score. See Sequential Organ
Soft tissue sarcomas, 311–312
Soft-tissue infections,
Solid organ injuries, 61
Somatostatin, 293
Somatostatin receptor
Somatostatin receptors, 292
Somatostatinoma, 293
Sorafenib, for hepatocellular
Source control, 38
Southern blotting, 124
node biopsy
closed loop, 236
laparoscopic surgery for, 237
after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, 234
treatment of, 237
water-soluble contrast agent
imaging of, 236
Crohn disease of, 237
enterocutaneous fistula of, 237
fluid in, 235
ileum, 235
ischemia of, 251–252
jejunum, 235
length of, 235
malignancies of, 237
mesentery of, 308
obstruction of. See Small bowel
obstruction
questions regarding, 235–239
radiation enteritis of, 238–239
short bowel syndrome, 239
transplantation of, 239
obstetrical providers
aldosterone-mediated
reabsorption of, 17
serum concentration of, 18
poisoning, 66
Failure Assessment score
necrotizing, 42, 134
scintigraphy, 226
carcinoma, 277
Sphincter of Oddi, 279, 290
Spinal cord ischemia, 183
Spleen
accessory, 300
aneurysms of, 304
cysts of, 303–304
functions of, 301
hereditary spherocytosis of, 297, 301
ligaments of, 300, 301f
metastases to, 298
platelet sequestration in, 22
questions regarding, 297–306
traumatic injury to, 51
Splenectomy
cancer risks after, 299
for chronic hemolytic anemia, 300
in chronic myelogenous
leukemia, 303
complications of, 305–306
description of, 54
indications for, 297–299
infections after, 302, 305–306
laparoscopic, 299, 305
for neutropenia in Felty syndrome,
304–305
open, 299, 305–306
overwhelming postsplenectomy
infection, 305–306
in polycythemia vera, 303
sepsis after, 51, 299
Splenic artery, 299
Splenic artery aneurysm, 304
Splenic vein thrombosis, 304
Splenocolic ligament, 300, 301f
Splenomegaly, 299
Splenorenal ligament, 300
Splenorrhaphy, 51
Split-thickness skin grafts, 361
Spontaneous abortion, 22
Squamocolumnar junction, 209
Squamous cell carcinoma
of esophagus, 209
of hand, 360
of lung, 149
precursor lesion to, 136
of skin, 130
“Square-root sign”, 178
SSIs. See Surgical site infections
SSTRs. See Somatostatin receptors
SSV. See Small saphenous vein
Stab wounds, 59, 60t
Staging
of breast cancer, 137
of colorectal cancer, 248
of lung cancer, 152
of sarcoma, 312
of Wilms tumor, 332t
Staphylococcus epidermidis, 46
Staphylococcus sp.
description of, 134
S. aureus, 140, 359
Steatorrhea, in Crohn’s disease, 268
Stellate cells, 236
Stents
balloon-expandable, 189
pancreatic duct, 295
self-expanding, 189, 282
ureteral, 338
vascular, 189–190
Steroids. See Corticosteroids
Stevens-Johnson syndrome, 133
Stewart-Hamilton equation, 108
Stomach
carcinoid tumors of, 230
duodenal ulcers, 226–227
gastric antral vascular ectasia of,
230–231, 231f
gastrin secretion, 223
gastrointestinal stromal
tumors of, 230
Ménétrier disease of, 231, 231f
parietal cells of, 224, 231
peptic ulcer disease of, 223,
226–228, 227f–228f
surface epithelial cells of, 231
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome of,
225, 231
Stratum basale, 132
Stratum spinosum, 133
Streptococcus sp., 134
Stress, caloric adjustments after, 11
Stress incontinence, 342–343
Stroke, 190, 346f
Structural measures, 98
Stryker device, 51
Sturge-Weber syndrome, 362
Subclavian artery
malperfusion of, 187
proximal left, 60–61
Subfalcine herniation, 345
Sublay technique, for mesh repair
of abdominal incisional
hernia, 308
Subphrenic abscess, 51
Subtotal colectomy, 244
Subtotal parathyroidectomy, 326
Subvalvular aortic stenosis, 163
Superficial burns, 66
Superficial spreading basal cell
carcinoma, 135
Superficial spreading melanoma,
130, 130f
Superior laryngeal nerve injury,
100, 323
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Superior mesenteric artery
anatomy of, 265f
injuries to, 61
in mesenteric ischemia, 192
stenosis of, 192
Superior thyroid artery, 323
Supernumerary parathyroid
glands, 325
Suppurative thrombophlebitis, 203
Supracolic injuries, 61
Surface epithelial cells, gastric, 231
Surgery
ambulatory, 385–386
anorectal melanoma treated
with, 250
after bare coronary stent
placement, 364
bowel preparation for, 246
cost-effectiveness of, 374f
diversity in, 5
in elderly, 365–368
genomic, 119–125
global, 373–376
hand, 355–360
major adverse cardiac events
screening, 172
minimally invasive, 115–117
molecular, 119–125
noncardiac, 172
obesity treated with, 233–234
orthopedic, 351–353
pediatric, 329–336
physiologic monitoring during,
105–113
plastic, 361–362
reconstructive, 361–362
retained surgical items, 99, 99t, 103
robotic, 116–117, 117f
women in, 5
wrist, 355–360
wrong-site, 99
Surgical, anesthetic, and obstetrical
providers, 375
Surgical care, globalization of, 376
Surgical Care Improvement Project,
98, 98t
Surgical excision
of basal cell carcinoma, 129
of burn wounds, 70
of melanoma, 132
Surgical infection
definition of, 37
intravascular catheters as
cause of, 46–47
prophylactic antibiotics for, 38, 45
questions regarding, 37–47
of retroperitoneum, 309
source control, 38
treatment of, 46
Surgical innovation, 371
Surgical intensive care unit, 50, 61
Surgical palliative care, 367, 370
Surgical research, 371
Surgical site infections, 39t,
39–41, 47, 246
Surgical wounds, 39–40, 40t, 47
Sustentaculum lienis, 301f
SvO2. See Fractional saturation of
hemoglobin
SVT. See Suppurative
thrombophlebitis
Sweat glands, 133
Syphilis
ascending aortic aneurysms
caused by, 183
blood transfusion
transmission of, 27
Syphilitic aortitis, 183
Systemic inflammatory response
syndrome, 37
T
T cells
CD4+, 9
CD8+, 9
helper, 10
T regulatory cells, 9
TACO. See Transfusion-related
circulatory overload
Tacrolimus, 88–89, 89t
Tamoxifen, 138
TAPP. See Transabdominal
preperitoneal repair
TAPVC. See Total anomalous
pulmonary venous
connection
Task sharing, 373
TAVI/TAVR. See Transcatheter
aortic valve implantation/
replacement
TBI. See Traumatic brain injury
TBSA. See Total body surface area
TBW. See Total body water; Total
body weight
TCD. See Transcranial Doppler;
Transcranial power Doppler
T-cell–mediated rejection, 95
TCL. See Transverse carpal ligament
TEE. See Transesophageal
echocardiography
TEF. See Tracheoesophageal fistula
TEG. See Thromboelastography
Telemanipulation, 243
Temporal bone fracture, 346
TEN. See Toxic epidermal necrolysis
Tension pneumothorax
cardiac failure caused by, 55
diagnosis of, 35
diagnostic criteria for, 58
needle thoracostomy
decompression of, 56, 58
obstructive shock versus, 35
shock caused by, 29
signs of, 56, 58
simple pneumothorax versus, 56, 58
tube thoracostomy for, 56, 57f
TEP. See Totally preperitoneal repair
Testes, undescended, 336
Testicular cancer, 337, 339
Tetralogy of Fallot, 161, 170
TF. See Tissue factor
TFPI. See Tissue factor pathway
inhibitor
TGF-ß. See Transforming growth
factor-ß
Th1 cells, 10
Th1 cytokines, 9
Th2 cells, 10
Th17 cells, 10
Thalassemia, 302
The Joint Commission, 99
Thermal wounds, 129
Thermodilution method, for cardiac
output, 108
Third-degree burns, 67
Third-degree hemorrhoids, 252
Thoracic aorta disease, 184
Thoracic aortic disease, 183
Thoracic compartment syndrome, 68
Thoracic escharotomies, 68
Thoracoabdominal region,
penetrating trauma to, 59
Thoracotomy
emergency department, 49
for empyema, 102
indications for, 53
trap door, 60
Thrombin, 21–22, 205
Thrombocytopenia
causes of, 22
heparin-induced, 23–24, 173, 205
primary immune, 23
Thromboelastography, 27–28
Thromboembolism, venous, 200,
202, 204, 204f, 366
Thrombolytic therapy
catheter-directed, 201
contraindications for, 201
Thrombomodulin, 22
Thrombopoietin receptor
antagonists, 302
INDEX
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Thrombosis
INDEX
catheters and, 107
deep vein, 200–202, 202t, 366
graft, 93
mesenteric vein, 206
microvascular, 24–25
splenic vein, 304
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic
purpura, 23–25
Thymomas, 155
Thyroglobulin, 324
Thyroglossal duct cyst, 323, 330
Thyroid cancer
papillary, 281, 324
treatment of, 325
Thyroid gland
arterial supply of, 323
congenital anomaly of, 323
Thyroid hormones, 324
Thyroid nodules, 324
Thyroid surgery, 325
Thyroidectomy, 323–324
Thyroxine, 324
TIC. See Trauma-induced
coagulopathy
Time management, 3
TIPS. See Transjugular intrahepatic
portosystemic shunt
Tissue factor, 21
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor, 22
Tissue injury, 23
Tissue plasminogen receptor, 22
TKIs. See Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
TLRs. See Toll-like receptors
TM. See Thrombomodulin
TME. See Total mesorectal excision
TNM staging
of colorectal cancer, 248
of lung cancer, 152
To Err Is Human, 4
TOF. See Tetralogy of Fallot
Toll-like receptors, 7, 9–10, 37
Tonsillar herniation, 345, 345f
Total anomalous pulmonary venous
connection, 159, 159f,
165–166, 166f
Total body surface area, 65–66, 66f
Total body water, 14–15
Total body weight, 14–15
Total colectomy, 244
Total mesorectal excision, for rectal
cancer, 249
Total parathyroidectomy, 326
Total thyroidectomy, 324
Totally preperitoneal repair, 321
Tourniquet, 356
Toxic epidermal necrolysis, 133
Toxic shock syndrome, 134
tPA. See Tissue plasminogen receptor
Trachea
anatomy of, 146, 146f
blood supply to, 145, 145f
cricoid cartilage of, 146, 146f
injuries to, 51
stenosis of, 146
upper, 146, 146f
Tracheobronchial injury, 59
Tracheobronchial tree, 147, 147f
Tracheoesophageal fistula, 330, 331f
Tracheostomy
description of, 51
emergent, 56
percutaneous, 101
questions regarding, 144
tracheal stenosis caused by, 146
Tracheostomy tube, 144
Traditional Chinese medicine, 379
TRALI. See Transfusion-related acute
lung injury
Tranexamic acid, 27
Transabdominal preperitoneal
repair, 321
Transcatheter aortic valve
implantation/replacement, 368
Transcranial Doppler, 112
Transcranial power Doppler, 191
Transcription
in eukaryotes, 119
in prokaryotes, 119
Transesophageal echocardiography,
172–173
Transforming growth factor-ß, 123
Transfusion
complications of, 26
description of, 25
diseases not transmitted by, 27
indications for, 25–26
Transfusion-related acute lung
injury, 25–27
Transfusion-related circulatory
overload, 27
Transhiatal esophagectomy, 209
“Transition wound,” 77
Transjugular intrahepatic
portosystemic shunt, 271, 273
Translation, 120
Transmural infarction, 176
Transplantation
azathioprine in, 88, 89t
bleeding after, 92
cyclosporin in, 88, 89t
definition of, 87
donation after cardiac death, 91
graft loss, 93
graft rejection in, 90
graft thrombosis after, 93
heart, 95
hyperacute rejection in, 88
immunosuppression in, 87, 89t, 95
infections in recipients, 90
islet cell, 94–95
kidney. See Kidney transplant
liver, 95, 276–277, 280, 287
Mayo protocol for, 276
mycophenolate mofetil in, 88, 89t
orthotopic liver, 277
pancreas, 93–95, 94f
questions regarding, 87–95
rejection in, 88, 90, 95
screening for, 92
small intestine, 239
tacrolimus in, 88–89, 89t
whole-pancreas, 95
Transposition of the great vessels, 161
Transthoracic echocardiography,
172–173
Transurethral resection of the
prostate, 339
Transverse aortic arch aneurysms, 185
Transverse carpal ligament, 357
Transverse colectomy, 244
Trap door thoracotomy, 60
Trastuzumab, 125
Trauma. See also Blunt trauma;
Penetrating trauma
airway interventions in, 57–58
cardiogenic shock in, 55–56, 56f
gastric injuries from, 62
in geriatric patients, 63
head, 53
inflammatory response after, 7
liver, 50
motor vehicle collisions, 59
neck, 52
in pregnancy, 62
primary survey of, 49, 59
questions regarding, 49–63
solid organ injuries caused by, 61
spleen, 51
tracheal, 51
transcriptional events after, 10
Trauma-induced coagulopathy, 23
Traumatic brain injury
intracranial pressure
monitoring in, 112
medical management of, 348–349
Traumatic shock, 29
Treponema pallidum, 183
Tricuspid atresia, 168
Tricuspid stenosis, 176
tRNA, 119
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Trousseau sign, 16
True aneurysms, 181
Truncus arteriosus, 165
TTE. See Transthoracic
echocardiography
TTP. See Thrombotic
thrombocytopenic purpura
T-tube, 281
Tube thoracostomy, for tension
pneumothorax, 56, 57f
Tuberculosis, 153
Tumor(s)
appendiceal, 260
carcinoid, 260
carotid body, 191
chest wall, 154
conservative resections, 85
desmoid, 154
esophageal, 209, 213
gastrointestinal stromal, 230, 238, 249
nonseminatous germ-cell, 155
omentum, 308
pancreatic exocrine, 292, 293f
pituitary fossa, 328
salivary gland-type, 147
thymic, 155
Tumor markers, 85
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, 37
Tumor suppressor genes, 124
Tumorigenic transformation of cells, 83
TURP. See Transurethral resection of
the prostate
TXA. See Tranexamic acid
Type A blood, 25
Type AB blood, 25
Type II error, 382
Type O-negative blood, 25
Typhlitis, 255
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, 249
Tyrosine kinase receptors, 122
U
Ulcer(s)
Cushing, 349
duodenal, 226–227
malignant transformation of, 80
pressure, 134
Ulcerative colitis
diagnosis of, 257
primary sclerosing cholangitis
and, 246
Ulnar nerve, 355, 355f, 358
Ultrasound
cardiac tamponade evaluations,
55, 56f
endoscopic. See Endoscopic
ultrasound
Ultraviolet radiation exposure, 130
Umbilical stump bleeding, 22
Uncal herniation, 345, 345f
Uncomplicated diverticulitis, 247
Undescended testes, 336
Uremia, 23
Ureteral injuries, 338
Ureteral stents, 338
Urinary incontinence, 343
Urinary tract infection, 42–43, 338
Urolithiasis, 338
Urology, 337–339
Uterine leiomyoma, 341
UTI. See Urinary tract infection
UV. See Ultraviolet radiation exposure
V
Vaccinations, 135, 298, 342
VADs. See Ventricular assist devices
Vaginal cancer, 343
Vagus nerve, 208
Validity, external, 383
Valsalva maneuver, 241
Valve replacement, 174–175, 268, 367
Valvulae conniventes, 235
VAP. See Ventilator-associated
pneumonia
Variceal hemorrhage, 271
Vascular endothelial growth factor, 84
Vascular injuries, of extremities,
54–55, 55t
Vascular rings, 166, 167f
Vascular stents, 189–190
Vascular-type Ehlers-Danlos
syndrome, 182
Vasoactive medications, 271
Vasoactive proteins, 31
Vasodilatory shock, 33
Vasogenic shock, 29
Vasopressin, 31, 271
VEGF. See Vascular endothelial
growth factor
Veins
anatomy of, 197–198
hepatic, 265, 266f
lower extremity, 197
Vena cava filters, 202, 203f
Venae comitantes, 197
Venous anastomosis, 92f
Venous disease, 197–206
Venous thromboembolism, 200, 202,
204, 204f, 366
Ventilator weaning, 101
Ventilator-associated pneumonia, 100
Ventilator-induced lung injury, 112
Ventricular assist devices, 179
Ventricular compliance, 106–107
Ventricular septal defect
aortic insufficiency
secondary to, 175
description of, 161–162
in double-outlet right ventricle, 170
holosystolic murmur associated
with, 175
tricuspid atresia without, 168
Vibrio vulnificus, 134
VILI. See Ventilator-induced lung
injury
VIPomas, 294
Virtual reality simulation, 387
Vision, 3, 3t
Visual abstracts, 389
Vitamin(s), in wound healing, 79–80
Vitamin A, 78–80
Vitamin B12 deficiency, 224
Vitamin C, 79
Vitamin K
deficiency of, 268
warfarin reversal using, 24
VO2. See Oxygen utilization
Vocal cords
anatomy of, 146, 146f
leukoplakia of, 143
Volume receptors, 30
Volvulus
cecal, 250–251
endoscopy for, 250–251
Vomiting
metabolic derangements
caused by, 17
postoperative, 378
von Willebrand factor, 21, 24
VSD. See Ventricular septal defect
VTE. See Venous thromboembolism
Vulvar carcinoma, 342
vWF. See von Willebrand factor
W
Wallerian degeneration, 77
Warfarin, 24, 205, 268
Warm-antibody autoimmune
hemolytic anemia, 299
Wartenberg sign, 358
Wate r
free water deficit, 15
in total body weight, 14–15
Water deficit, 15
Watermelon stomach, 230, 230f
Water-soluble contrast agents, 236
Weaning, ventilator, 101
Web-based education, 389–390
West Nile virus, 27
Whipple procedure, 286
Whole-pancreas transplantation, 95
INDEX
414
https://t.me/medicina_free
Willingness, 3, 3t
Willingness to lead, 3t
INDEX
Willingness to learn, 3t
Wilms tumor, 331, 332t
Wilson disease, 269–270
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome,
169f, 169–170
Women
fluid maintenance
calculations for, 16
in surgery, 5
total body weight in, 15
Wound(s)
burn. See Burn wounds
classification of, 39–40, 40t
closure of, in Ehler-Danlos
syndrome patients, 75
collagen in, 74
in Ehler-Danlos syndrome
patients, 75
gastric, 62
infection of, 102
malignant, 80
matrix deposition at
site of, 74
skin, 132
stab, 59, 60t
strength of, 74
surgical, 39–40, 40t, 47
“transition wound,” 77
Wound healing
amino acids in, 79
anastomoses, 75
anemia and, 78
arginine effects on, 79
callus formation in, 77
collagen in, 74, 76t
diabetes mellitus effects on, 78
fetal, 77
fibroblastic phase of, 73f, 74
full-thickness wounds, 75–76
gastrointestinal tract,
75–76, 76t
hypertrophic scars, 80–81
impairment of, 78
inflammation phase of, 73f,
78–79
keloid formation, 80–81, 81f
low-oxygen tension effects on, 78
malnutrition effects on, 79
maturation phase of, 73f
nutrition in, 79
oxygen delivery during, 78
phases of, 73f, 73–74, 361
polymorphonuclear
neutrophils in, 74
proliferative phase of, 73f, 74
scar remodeling, 75
skin, 76t
steroid effects on, 78
vitamins in, 79–80
WPW syndrome. See Wolff-
Parkinson-White syndrome
Wris t
carpal tunnel syndrome of, 357
ganglion cyst of, 360
surgery of, 355–360
Wrong-site surgeries, 99
X
Xenotransplant, 87
Z
Zenker’s diverticulum, 220
ZES. See Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Zika virus, 27
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 225, 231
Zona fasciculata, 8
Zone of coagulation, 67, 129
Zone of hyperemia, 67, 129
Zygoma fractures, 144
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