typically identied with the Doppler approximately 3cm above the root of the helix [1, 5, 38]. The anterior extent of the temporoparietal fascia ap harvest is limited by the course of the frontal branch of the facial nerve as it courses within the temporo­parietal fascial along a line 0.5cm below the tragus to 1.5cm above the lateral brow [61]. A vertical incision is then marked out extending from the root of the helix. The incision can be continued inferiorly along the preauricular sulcus. If a fasciocutane­ous ap is planned, the skin paddle is marked out based on a template of the defect. It is designed at a cranial-caudal level that would allow for transfer of the skin paddle into the defect with the pedicle based at the root of the helix. The planned incision is then made, and subcutaneous aps are elevated. The temporoparietal fascia is immediately deep to the subcutaneous fat, and therefore, meticulous sub­cutaneous ap elevation must be performed in order to prevent damage to the vas­cular pedicle, fascial ap, and hair follicles [1, 5, 38]. The vascular pedicle is identied 4–5mm anterior to the tragus, and the base of the ap is typically kept about 2cm in width [1, 5, 38]. The frontal branch of the supercial temporal artery is ligated rather proximally in order to avoid injury to the frontal branch of the facial nerve. The temporoparietal fascia is then incised along the periphery of the ap margins and the superior temporal line. The ap is then elevated in the loose areolar tissue plane supercial to the temporalis muscle fascia. However, the temporalis muscle fascia can be incorporated with the temporoparietal ap given that the mid­dle temporal artery supplies this fascial layer [38]. The ap is then transferred into the defect, and the donor site is closed primarily in layers. A suction drain is typi­cally placed.