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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5515_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
pharma drug development cycle, 217–219, 218
phenotypes, 172, 179, 195, 200; extreme, 200–201
Phillips, John Edward, 104
photosynthesis, 3, 36, 73, 75
phylogenetic trees, 202–203, 206, 207, 208
phylogenetics, 83, 84, 165, 207
phytochemicals, 127–141, 181–182; flavonoids, 128–129, 129, 135, 136, 138; lignins, 132, 133, 135, 136, 138;
production of, 133, 135–139; synthesis of, 141; terpenoids/terpenes, 115–116, 116, 117, 129–132, 133, 135, 138. See
also cannabinoids
phytochemistry, 160
pipes, 103–109; bongs, 107, 245; earth pipe, 104, 105; gravity bongs, 105, 106; percs, 107, 108; vaporizers, 107–108,
109; water pipes, 104; waterfall bongs, 105, 106
Pisupati, Rahul, 183
placebo, 215–216
Placobdelloides jaegersk ioeldi, 145
placozoa, 40, 143, 149
plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM), 76–77
Plantae, 49, 51. See also plants
plants: algae, 39, 49–50, 68, 76, 210; Amborella, 42; angiosperms, 40, 42–43; anthers, 66; Antirrhinum majus
(snapdragon), 92; barley, 181; buckthorns, 45; cacti, 4; catnip, 11–12; Cecropia palmata, 34; Celtis (blackberries),
46, 175; Celtis sinensis (Chinese hackberry), 34; Chaetachme (thorny elms), 46; chestnuts, 20; climbing fig, 34;
corn (maize), 183–185, 184, 192, 195; cotyledons, 40, 73; Datura metel, 104; Datura stramonium (jimson weed),
104; development of, 70–71; endemic/restricted endemic, 52–53; eudicots, 40, 43; evolution of, 145, 175; extinction
of, 85–86; ferns, 39, 50; figs, 45; flowering, 41–43, 64–65, 65, 82, 83–84; fruits, 6, 47; genetic engineering, 208;
germination, 75–77; Gnetales, 40; grapes, 44–45, 181, 202, 210; gymnosperms, 40; hermaphroditic, 65, 65, 66, 175;
hormones, 193; lycophytes, 39; monocot/dicot, 40, 43, 44; monoecious/dioecious, 65, 65, 66, 70–71, 175; Morus
alba (white mulberry), 34; mosses, 50; mouse-ear thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana), 89, 90, 92, 93; mulberry, 23,
34, 45; multicellular, 39; nettles, 45; ovules, 65, 67, 69, 72–73; “pansexual,” 66, 68; pigeonwood (Trema), 46, 175;
plants (continued) pistils, 65, 66; plant cells, 149; radicles, 75–76; reproduction, 4–5; snakewood tree, 34; spores, 39;
thorny elms (Chaetachme), 46; used as source material fibers, 24–26, 24; vegetation, 78–79. See also Cannabis
(plant); flowers; seeds
pleasure seeking, 6, 13. See also intoxication
Plumb, Jeremy, 172
Pollan, Michael, 171
pollen: in Cannabis, 69, 72, 88, 173; CH (Cannabis/Humulus), 21; in core slices, 19–22, 21; cytoplasm of, 72; fossil
evidence, 85; hops, 21; ova, 67; production of, 65–67; triporate grains, 48–49, 50
pollination, 64–65, 81
Polo, Marco, 31
polyphenolic structures, 129
polyploidy, 69, 71, 72
polysaccharides, 200
Poulin, Patrick, 225–226
pre-investigational new drug (IND), 221
Prentout, Djivan, 175
primates: alcoholic consumption in, 6–7, 7; bush babies, 14; cercopithecine monkeys, 14–15; chimpanzees, 6, 14–15;
drunkenness among, 14; gorillas, 6, 14; Old and New World monkeys, 14. See also humans; vertebrates
principal components analysis (PCA), 203, 204, 208
prophylar buds, 47
protein receptors, 153–154
protists, 76
psychosis and psychotic disorders. See mental health
Pteridophyta, 50
Pteroceltis (blue sandalwood), 34, 46
Pteroceltis tatarinowii, 34
Pteropsida, 51
Pure Food and Drug Act (1906), 228
pyruvate, 135
quantitative trait loci (QTL), 192–193
radicles, 74, 75–76
radiocarbon dating, 18, 19–20, 22
randomization, 215
randomness, 2
Reagan, Ronald, 232
receptors, 15, 254, 256; acetylcholine, 159; adenosine, 123; dopamine, 253; endocannabinoid, 162–163, 164; endorphin,
159; GABA, 159; glutamate, 144, 159; GPR55, 167; opioid, 158–159; pain receptor cells, 170; serotonin, 123, 159;
vanilloid (TRPV1), 123, 166. See also cannabinoid receptors
recombination, 175, 191
Red Queen hypothesis, 38
Reed, Alan, 12, 13
Reefer Madness (film), 230, 267, 271, 272
Ren, Guangpeng, 207
Renner, Susanne, 66
reproduction: of animals, 3–4; and evolution, 37–38, 38; human, 31; of plants, 2–5, 36–39, 54–55, 64–68, 67, 65, 72–
73, 87–89, 88 , 173.
reproductive isolation, 54–55
resequencing, 181, 206
reuptake, 155
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 228
root system: radicles, 74, 75–76; roles of, 76–77; tap root, 76
Rosaceae, 45
Rosales/rosales, 45–46
Rubin, Vera, 56
Ruderalis, 56, 62, 205
Russia, 239, 241; Altai Mountains (Pazyryk tombs), 30. See also Asia
Russo, Ethan B., 22
Sacks, Oliver, 160
SAFE Banking Act, 242–243
safety factors, 244–248, 245, 247
Sagan, Carl, 277
Saint-Hilaire, Étienne Geoffroy, 87
salivary glands, 110, 119, 121
SAM (shoot apical meristem), 78
SARS virus, 219
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID virus), 219–220
Sativa, 56, 62, 138
Sauquet, Hervé, 42, 84
scala naturae, 147–148
Schultes, Richard, 56, 57, 60
Scopoli, Giovanni, 61
Scythians, 27, 29–30
secobarbitol, 244, 245
seeds: Cannabis, 73–74, 73, 75; in core slices, 20, 22; in core samples, 21; dispersal of, 4, 19; DNA from, 18;
evolution of, 51; hemp, 29; production of, 39–40, 67, 68, 69, 73–74; smoking, 30; as source of nutrition, 27–28;
storage proteins, 74–75; ungerminated, 75; used for nutrition, 27–28; as wasted biomass, 210. See also germination
sequences, 176
serotonin, 123, 152, 152, 155, 159, 169
Sessions, Jefferson Beauregard III, 235–236
sex. See reproduction
Shanghai International Opium Convention, 239
shatter, 245
Shennong (Chinese emperor), 25, 32–33
shoot apical meristem (SAM), 78
Shubin, Neil, 146
Siegel, Ronald K., 5, 14
Silvestro, Daniele, 41
simple sequence repeats (SSRs), 186, 206
Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (UN 1961), 239
single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 179–181, 196–199, 197, 198, 206–207
skin, 124–126, 125
Small, Earnest, 60, 61, 62, 63
smoking, 11, 102–109, 114, 123, 169; cigarettes, 103; pipes, 103–109, 105, 245
SNAREs, 153–154
snorting, 111
SNPs. See single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive-factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs), 153–154
South America, 53; Uruguay, 269
Spackman, Eldon, 249
Spallanzani, Lazzarro, 67, 68
spermatogenesis, 249
spiders, 8–10, 10
sponges, 9, 16, 40–41, 143, 149
Spurlock, Morgan, 275
SSRs (simple sequence repeats), 186, 206
state regulation, 227–228
Stearn, William, 56, 60
Stjepanović, Daniel, 254
stock market, 263–265
structural annotation, 187–188
STRUCTURE analysis, 203, 204, 207–208, 208
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 267
substance dependency, 253
suicide, 249, 252, 257
Sumerian records, 18
sumo wrestlers, 26–27
Super High Me (documentary), 275
Super Size Me (Spurlock), 275
supercells, 141
“Sweet Marijuana” (song), 271
Syatema Naturae (Linnaeus), 55
symbiotic arrangements, 76–77
synapses, 142–143, 149–151, 150, 167; release, 153–154; reset, 154–156; signaling, 154. See also neurotransmitters
Syndros, 223
Synthetic Drug Abuse Prevention Act (2012), 223–224
systeny, 179
taste sensing, 114–119, 121, 129
Tattersall, Ian, 144, 202, 250
taxonomy, 45–46, 55–56
Templeton, Alan, 54
terp sauce, 246
terpenoids/terpenes, 115–116, 116, 117, 129–132, 133, 135, 138, 246; diterpenes, 130; monoterpenes, 129–130, 130,
136, 140–141; production of, 189; sequencing, 181; sesquiterpenes, 130, 131–132, 131, 136, 141; synthesis genes,
139; synthesis of, 141; triterpenes, 130, 131, 136
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): absorption of, 111; activation of, 100–103, 132; AEA compared to, 167; archaeological
evidence, 29; in the body, 118–126, 248–252; in the cannabis genome, 179; chemical structure, 134, 161, 169;
concentrations of, 72, 74, 75, 235, 242, 245–246, 260–261, 261; crystallized, 246; delta-8, 135; delta-9, 122, 122,
135, 137, 235; delta 11-OH, 111, 122–123, 122; discovery of, 160; distilled, 246; and dopamine, 254; effect on neural
processing, 149, 151, 158; in the endocannabinoid system, 169–170; and GABA regulation, 169, 254; genetic
architecture of, 194; ingestion of, 99–100; in the lungs, 119–120; in medicinal cannabis, 220–221, 226; medicinal uses
of, 212–213; in the mouth, 118–119; in nasal sprays, 111; in the nervous system, 142; psychoactive properties of, 235;
ratio to CBD, 170; reaction to heat, 101; safety factor, 245–246; in the stomach, 121–123; synthase, 137; synthesis
of, 158; taste of, 118–119. See also cannabinoid receptors; cannabinoids
tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA): artificial production of, 210; chemical structure, 100–103, 101, 133, 133;
concentrations of, 192–193, 199, 260; conversion to THC, 101–103, 132; genetically engineered bioreactors for, 211;
increasing content, 206, 208; ingestion of, 99–100; level in different strains, 195; in medicinal cannabis, 220–221;
phenotypic values, 200–201; production of, 134, 138, 183, 186; synthase genes, 138, 139, 206–207; synthesis of, 172;
vapor point, 102–103; variable amount in plants, 194. See also cannabinoid receptors; cannabinoids
textile fibers, 24; cannabis, 23, 24–25; cotton, 27; flax, 27; hemp, 25–27; jute, 27; ramie, 27
textiles: for banners, 25; canvas/sailcloth, 25, 26
That ’70s Show, 267, 274–275
That ’90s Show, 267
THC. See tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
THCA. See tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA)
This Is Your Mind on Plants (Pollan), 171
Throckmorton, Douglas, 222
tobacco, 103–104; chewing, 109–110
Toklas, Alice B., 112
topping, 78–79
toxicity, 139
Tracheophyta, 51
Treasury Department, 242
tree of life, 44, 81, 140, 163, 165, 166, 276
Trema (pigeonwood), 46, 175
Trichoderma, 76, 77
trichomes, 96–97, 139, 140, 141, 145, 148, 149
tropisms, 144
Trump, Donald, 232, 235, 237
Tsuji-Trost reaction, 101
Turkey, 21, 29, 104, 240
2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), 159, 161, 161, 166, 167, 169, 254
Tylenol with codeine, 231
Uniform State Narcotic Drug Act (1932), 229
United Nations, 239, 254
United States: cannabis use in, 270; Alabama, 103; Alaska, 263; Arizona, 263; California, 92, 111, 233, 236, 257, 265,
267, 274; Colorado, 235, 242, 243, 264; Florida, 263; Idaho, 236, 242; Illinois, 263; Kansas, 236; Maryland, 263;
Nevada, 263; New Jersey, 263; New York, 263; Oklahoma, 263; Oregon, 242; Pennsylvania, 263; South Carolina,
236; Texas, 228; Washington, 200, 260, 263; Washington, DC, 236; Wyoming, 236. See also North America
University of California Berkeley, 7
Up in Smoke (film), 274
Uruguay, 269
vaccines, 219–220
Valium, 231
vanilloid receptors (TRPV1), 123, 166
vaping, 99, 245
vaporizers, 107–108, 109
vascularization, 39, 50
Vedic Hindu scriptures, 27
vertebrates: cats, 11–12; common ancestor of, 165–166; dogs, 11, 249–250; intoxicated, 10–11; Mus musculus (house
mouse), 10, 89, 249–250. See also animals; humans; primates
virodhamine, 161
Volkow, Nora, 268
Wallace, Alfred, 2
Wang, Xin, 41
Wang Zhen, 25
Watts, Sophie, 138
websites, marijuana-centric, 195
Weeds (television series), 274
Welling, Matthew T., 201
Wiley, Ralph, 266
Wilson, Allan, 138
withdrawal, 256
Witt, Peter, 9–10
Women’s Christian Temperance Union, 230
Woods, Patrick, 193, 206
Wyse, Joseph, 261, 262
Xanax, 231
xerostomia, 119
XP-GWAS (extreme phenotype GWAS), 200–201
xylose, 200
yeast, 181, 191, 202, 210; wild, 15
Your Inner Fish (Shubin), 146
Zen Buddhism, 27
Zhang, Jiangjiang, 206
Zoorob, Michael, 200, 260
Zuckerman, Emile, 83
zygotes, 69
Zygothrica desallei, 277