Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5330_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана

levels, addictive behaviors (such as smoking and drinking), and stress levels, can be altered or adjusted, and (2) Non­modiable factors, such as age and heredity, gender, ethnic­ity or race are inherently unalterable [5–8].

The progression of modern civilization has revealed a notable trend wherein an increasing number of young indi­viduals engage in smoking and drinking, despite knowing the detrimental effects these behaviors have on their health [9, 10]. The prevalence of fast food and junk food is displac­ing our nutritious and traditional well-balanced meals, result­ing in a decline in the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables [11, 12]. Additionally, the preference for pro­cessed and packaged food is supplanting the inclusion of these healthier options. Furthermore, the consumption of soft drinks is increasingly substituting milk intake. Our incli­nation is to utilize transportation, such as buses or cars, rather than engaging in pedestrian travel, even for brief distances [13]. The development of machines to reduce physical labor in the workplace is an increasingly prevalent trend. The aforementioned practices have contributed to the prevalence of overweight and obesity within our population. Obesity refers to the condition of having a body weight that exceeds the normal or ideal weight in relation to an individual’s height [14]. Obesity serves as a primary contributing factor to various lifestyle diseases, including but not limited to dia­betes, hypertension, heart disease, and other related condi­tions [15, 16].

conditions may render certain herbs inappropriate for indi­viduals. Due to the absence of regulatory oversight, herbal products frequently exhibit mislabeling tendencies, poten­tially harboring undisclosed additives and contaminants [22–24]. Certain herbs have the potential to induce allergic reactions or interact with conventional pharmaceuticals, while others can be toxic when misused or administered in excessive quantities [25, 26]. Engaging in self-medication by consuming herbs independently poses an elevated risk, thus emphasizing the signicance of seeking guidance from a specialist in phytomedicines or a Pharmacist before utili­zation of herbal remedies. An important example of the adverse effects associated with Evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) involves an elevated likelihood of sei- zures in individuals with seizure disorders, as well as an increased risk of bleeding in individuals with bleeding dis­orders or those who are concurrently taking blood-thinning medications, such as warfarin. Numerous herbal substances possess the potential to interact with prescription medica­tions, thereby eliciting undesirable or hazardous reactions [27, 28]. For instance, an exceptional level of herb-drug interaction has been observed in individuals undergoing cancer treatment. Certain herbal supplements, particularly those originating from Asian nations, can potentially con­tain elevated concentrations of heavy metals, such as mer­cury, lead, and cadmium which should be carefully taken into consideration before administration for the treatment of certain disease conditions.