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Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5330_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана

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C. S. Kılıç
Chidrawar etal. [81]
reduces BW, decreases food intake, decreases absorption of
dietary fats, inhibits pancreatic lipase
Azman etal. [186]
increases HDL
Dongmo etal. [191]
Anti-lipase Wiyono etal. [189]
LDL-C levels
[192]
Hifnawy etal. [130]
Inhibits α-glucosidase and lipase
Goel etal. [195]
Lee etal. [197]
levels, improves glycemic and lipid prole
Wu etal. [198]
Zagayko etal. [199]
energy expenditure and thermogenesis
attenuates epididymal adipocytes
acids, TC, LDL-C
Wang etal. [200]
gain, food intake, serum TG, and cholesterol levels
Sonchus oleraceus L. Asteraceae Whole plant Antidiabetic Teugwa etal. [159]
Plant name Family name Used part Contribution to anti-obesity activity/mechanism of action References
Table 1 (continued)
Fabaceae Seeds Reduction in BW, specic weight gain, and BMI Ejere etal. [181]
Sonneratia caseolaris Engl. Lythraceae Fruit juice Prevents increase in BW Thuoc etal. [180]
Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst. ex
A.Rich) Harms
Fruits Decrease in BMI, waist circumference, Asgary etal. [187]
Leaves Antihyperlipidemic Valaparla etal. [188]
Bignoniaceae Roots Reduces BW gain, food intake, serum TG, TC, LDL, VLDL Kaveripakam etal. [182]
Stellaria media (L.) Vill. Caryophyllaceae Whole plant Reduced circulating lipid levels, adipocyte diameter,
Stereospermum suaveolens DC. (syn. for
Stereospermum chelonoides DC.)
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Asteraceae Leaves Antihyperlipidemic Shaheen etal. [183]
Myrtaceae Flower buds Decreases BW, white adipocyte tissue Jung etal. [184]
Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. &
L.M.Perry)
Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb Bignoniaceae Inner bark of the tree Prevention of adipocyte accumulation Iwamoto etal. [185]
Fabaceae Stem bark Decreases BW, fat weight, food intake, serum TG, TC,
Tamarindus indica L. Fabaceae Pulp Decreases plasma levels of TC, LDL, TG, reduces BW,
Taxillus chinensis (DC.) Danser Loranthaceae Stems Reduces BW and appetite Wang etal. [190]
Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schumach. &
Thonn.) Taub.
Thespesia populnea Sol. Ex Correa Malvaceae Stem bark Hypophagic and hypolipidemic activity Retnasamy and Adikey
seeds
Rutaceae Leaves Reduces BW, BMI, body fat content, and resistive index Putro etal. [193]
Boraginaceae Leaves Reduces liver fat, glucose, and serum TG Simao etal. [194]
asiatica (L.) Lam.)
Tournefortia paniculata Vent. (syn. for
Thrinax parviora Sw. Arecaceae Fruit pericarps and
Toddalia aculeata Pers. (syn. for Toddalia
Myriopus paniculatus (Cham.) Feuillet)
Tribulus terrestris L. Zygophyllaceae Fruits Increases ghrelin and adiponectin levels, attenuates leptin
Tricholepis glaberrima DC. Asteraceae Aerial parts Reduces BW, TC, TG, LDL, VLDL, increases HDL Rani and Kiranmai [196]
Ulmus parvifolia Jacq. Ulmaceae Bark Increases browning in white adipose tissue, increases
Urtica urens L. Urticaceae Aerial parts Anti-lipase Jaradat etal. [66]
Caprifoliaceae Aerial parts Suppresses lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, BW
Vaccinium ashei J.M.Reade Ericaceae Pulp Reduces BW, serum glucose, improves lipid proles,
Vaccinium myrtillus L. Leaves Reduces BW gain, visceral fat mass, serum TAG, free fatty
Valeriana dageletiana Nakai ex. F.Maek
(syn. for Valeriana excelsa subsp.
sambucifolia (J.C.Mikan ex. Pohl) Holub
Vateria indica C.F.Gaertn. Dipterocarpaceae Stem bark Reduces BW, cholesterol, TG, LDL, VLDL Smitha etal. [201]
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Yamasaki etal. [203]
Shalaby and Saifan [79]
decreases TG accumulation in adipose tissue, and increases
fatty acid oxidization
decreases BG and leptin, and increases serum insulin levels
Kim etal. [205, 206]
excretion via feces, downregulates mRNA expression of
Deshpande etal. [208]
genes associated with adipogenesis
fecal fat mass, inhibition of pancreatic lipase
Asteraceae Leaves Regulates appetite Egedigwe etal. [202]
Vernonia amygdalina Del. (syn. for
Gymnanthemum amygdalinum (Delile)
Sch. Bip)
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Fabaceae Leaves Decrease in BMI, food intake, and serum lipid levels Nderitu etal. [48]
Roots Inhibits BW gain and adipose tissue, increases lipid
Fruits Reduces BW gain, serum lipids, insulin, leptin levels Nazish etal. [204]
Brassicaceae Leaves Decreases TG synthesis and accumulation in the liver,
Wasabia japonica (Miq.) Matsum (syn. for
Eutrema japonicum Koidz.)
Zingiber ofcinale Roscoe Zingiberaceae Rhizomes Reduces BW, body fat mass, improves lipid prole,
Fruits Decrease in BW, increase in HDL levels Patil and Kothavale [207]
Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. Rhamnaceae Bark Decreases insulin resistance and BW gain and increases
AW adipose weight, BG blood glucose, BMI body mass index, BW body weight, HDL-c HDL-cholesterol, LDL-C LDL-cholesterol, TAG triacylglycerol, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides
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Fig. 4 (a) General appearance of M. charantia; (b) ripening fruit; (c) ripened and simultaneously opened fruit with seeds covered with red aril; and (d) squeezed fruit pulp maceration in olive oil
be obtained by combining multiple products or products having multiple activities in the reduction and prevention of diet-induced obesity.
Some of these mixtures are provided in Table2 along with the Latin names of the plants and families involved, and the parts that are used and their anti-obesity activities.
In addition to studies performed on plant extracts, there are also studies performed on compoundswithanti-obesity activ­ity isolated from various plant species. Some of these studies are given in Table3. The compound/agent, Latin names of the plants and families that they are isolated from (unless pur­chased from chemical companies as pure compounds), and their contribution to anti-obesity activity are provided.
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Krishnaraju etal. [211]
breakdown in mature adipocytes
Said etal. [212]
Reduces BW, increases thermogenesis
Gopinathan and Naveenraj
[82, 83]
gastrointestinal absorption of dietary sugar and fat
Brenesel etal. [214]
Decreases BW gain, plasma lipid concentrations as TC and
LDL)
Yimam etal. [216]
Kim etal. [217, 218]
cholesterol, and LDL
and serum lipid parameters
Kim etal. [217, 218]
levels and fat accumulation in the liver
Kumar etal. [221]
thermogenesis
Component of the mixture/formulation Family name Used part Contribution to anti-obesity activity/mechanism of action References
Moringa oleifera Lam. Moringaceae Leaves Inhibits differentiation of preadipocyte, increases lipid
Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Rutaceae Leaves
Curcuma longa L. Zingiberaceae Rhizomes
Alchemilla vulgaris Willd. Rosaceae Leaves “Weighlevel tablets”
Olea europaea Oleaceae Leaves
Table 2 Plant species that are involved in some plant mixtures/combinations
Mentha longifolia (L.) L. Lamiaceae Leaves
Combretaceae Barks Decreases BW, alters lipid prole positively Avanapu and Reddy [213]
Cuminum cyminum L. Apiaceae Seeds
Anogeissus latifolia (Roxb. Ex DC.) Wall. Ex Guill. &
Perr. (syn. for Terminalia anogeissiana Gere &
Boatwr.)
Apocynaceae Whole plant
Boraginaceae Roots
Holostemma annularis (Roxb.) liede & Khanum (syn.
for Cynanchum annularium (Roxb.) Liede & Khanum)
Trichodesma amplexicaule Roth (syn. for Trichodesma
Clusiaceae Fruits
indicum var. amplexicaule (Roth) T.Cooke
Clerodendrum phlomidis L.f Lamiaceae Leaves Inhibits pancreatic amylase and lipase activity and thus delays
Garcinia cambogia Roxb (syn. for Garcinia cowa
Roxb.)
Rhamnus frangula L. (syn. for Frangula alnus Mill.) Rhamnaceae Bark “Vitalplant”
Mentha x piperita L. Lamiaceae Leaves
Carum carvi L. Apiaceae Fruits
Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss Apiaceae Fruits
Hypericum perforatum L. Hypericaceae Tea Lowers serum cholesterol, TAG, VLDL, LDL, increases HDL Akinseye [215]
Matricaria chamomilla Blanco Asteraceae
Morus alba L. Moraceae Root bark Suppresses appetite, decreases BW gain, calorie intake,
Magnolia ofcinalis Rehder & E.H.Wilson Magnoliaceae Stem bark
Rutaceae Peel Inhibits pancreatic lipase, suppresses visceral fat accumulation
Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil. Aquafoliaceae Leaves
Citrus unshiu (Swingle) Marcow (syn. for Citrus
deliciosa Ten)
Diospyros kaki L.f. Ebenaceae Fruit
Poaceae Leaves Reduces serum lipid prole, glucose, leptin, and adiponectin
Phyllostachys Morus alba pubescens Mazel ex.
J.Houz. (Syn. for Phyllostachys edulis J.Houz.)
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi Lamiaceae Roots
Phyllanthus emblica L. Phyllanthaceae Fruits Reduces BW, BMI, abdominal circumference, lipid prole Nimmi and George [219]
Curcuma longa L. Zingiberaceae Rhizome
Plumbago zeylanica L. Plumbaginaceae Roots
Macrotyloma uniorum (Lam.) Verdc. Fabaceae Seeds
Lauraceae Stem bark Reduces BW, has pyretic effect resulting in hypolipidemia and
Cissus quadrangularis L. Vitaceae Stem Reduces weight and serum cholesterol Talreja etal. [220]
Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae Seeds
Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (syn. for
Cinnamomum verum J.Presl)
Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Rutaceae Leaves
BW body weight, BMI body mass index, TAG triacylglycerol, TC total cholesterol
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Kim etal. [205, 206]
Contribution to anti-obesity activity/mechanism of
action References
levels
Park etal. [224]
leptin and glucose levels
Han etal. [226]
Fabaceae Inhibits pancreatic lipase Kumar etal. [225]
Poudel etal. [228]
Park etal. [229]
intestinal absorption of dietary fat
modulates BW and fat accumulation
Euphorbiaceae Inhibits adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells via AMPK
pathway activation
Hsu and Yen [230]
Tu and Tawata [231]
insulin, and leptin levels
Wang etal. [232]
Wang etal. [233]
Su etal. [234]
reduces TG content, and increases intracellular
cAMP and glycerol release
LDL-C, increases HDL-c
via reducing expression of C/EBP α and PPAR γ
Decreases serum glucose levels, regulates lipid
metabolism
Zheng etal. [237]
Zingiberaceae Inhibits pancreatic lipase and lipid accumulation,
Gwon etal. [240]
Han etal. [241]
metabolism, inhibits progression of nonalcoholic
fatty liver disease
Asteraceae Improves obesity-associated hyperlipidemia Lin etal. [239]
increases fatty acid oxidation
intestinal absorption of dietary fat
Boraginaceae Suppresses adipogenesis and lipogenesis,
Theaceae Inhibits pancreatic lipase and thus inhibits
Name of the compound Plant name Family name
Aloe vera polysaccharides Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. Asphodelaceae Alternative insulin sensitizer, lowers fasting BG
Anthocyanins Glycine max (L.) Merr. Fabaceae Reduces BW and food intake Badshah etal. [222]
Asperuloside – – Alters nutrient-sensing receptors Ishaq etal. [223]
Table 3 Compounds conrmed to have anti-obesity activity
Berberine – – Reduces BW, food intake, fat contents, serum
siamea (Lam.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby
Cassiamin A Cassia siamea Lam. (syn. for Senna
Chikusetsusaponins Panax japonicus (T.Nees) C.A.Mey Araliaceae Inhibits pancreatic lipase activity and thus delays
Crocin, crocetin, safranal Crocus sativus L. Iridaceae Anti-adipogenic Jafari etal. [227]
Dioscin – – Anti-adipogenic via AMPK/MAPK pathway,
L.
Euphorbiasteroid Euphorbia Panax japonicus lathyrus
Eurycomanone Eurycoma longifolia Jack Simaroubaceae Increases lipolysis Lahrita etal. [101]
Gallic acid – – Reduces serum phospholipid, TC, LDL-C,
R.M.Sm.
Zanthoxylum bungeanum maxim Rutaceae Decreases serum and liver levels of TC, TG,
Hispidin Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) B.L.Burtt &
Hydroxy-α-sanshool
Myricetin – – Suppresses 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation
– – Inhibits 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation Hwang etal. [238]
Myricitrin-5-methyl ether Illicium verum Hook.f Schisandraceae Inhibits gastric lipase Kamoun etal. [235]
Quassinoids Brucea javanica Merr. Simaroubaceae Stimulates lipolysis Lahrita etal. [236]
Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides Polygonatum sibiricum Redoute Asparagaceae Decreases body mass, promotes hepatic lipid
Resveratrol derivative
(4[2-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)vinyl]pyridine
Scutellarein Erigeron breviscapus (Vaniot)
Hand.-Mazz.
& Zucc.
) Thea sinensis L. (syn. for Camellia
2
and E
1
Shikonin Lithospermum erythrorhizon Siebold.
Teasaponin (theasaponin E
sinensis (L.) Kuntze)
BW body weight, BG blood glucose, HDL-c HDL-cholesterol, LDL-C LDL-cholesterol, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides
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3 Challenges andFuture
Recommendation
Obesity is a signicant health problem that is not specic to some countries; it threatens the world as a whole[242, 243]. Due to this fact, March 4 is known as the World Obesity Day as an awareness precaution. According to 2022 data of WHO, 1 billion people in the world are obese; 650 million of them are adults, 340 million are adolescents, and 39 mil­lion are children. WHO also predicts that 167 million people will be overweight or obese by the year 2025 (www.who.
int). According to the World Obesity Atlas 2022, the coun-
tries with highest percentages of obese adults by 2030 are the Cook Islands, Nauru, and American Samoa, all having the percentage of 67.4% followed by Palau with 66.4% and Tuvalu with 64.1%. Countries with the lowest percentage are Vietnam with 3.4% followed by Bangladesh with 5.8% and Cambodia with 6.0% (www.worldobesity.org) [244]. Obesity rates continue to increase both in developed and underdeveloped countries, and efcient measures have to be taken. According to the WHO, approximately 80% of the world’s population use traditional medicine for the treat­ment and prevention of diseases/disorders including both developed and underdeveloped countries (www.who.int). From these data, we can predict that medicinal plants, herbal medicines, and plant products will continue to be used in the near and far future for the treatment and prevention of vari­ous diseases and disorders and obesity will not be an exception.
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