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x Contents
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65 Medical and open surgical management of chylous disorders 747
Ying Huang, Audra A. Duncan, Gustavo S. Oderich, and Peter Gloviczki
PAR T 7 ISSUES IN VENOUS DISEASE 761
66 Outcome assessment in acute venous disease 763
Patrick H. Carpentier and Peter Gloviczki
67 Outcomes assessment for chronic venousdisease 771
Michael A. Vasquez and Linda Harris
68 Summary of guidelines of the American VenousForum 783
Monika L. Gloviczki, Peter Gloviczki, Michael C. Dalsing, Bo Eklöf, Fedor Lurie, and Thomas W. Wakefield
In dex 815
Foreword
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is fourth edition of the Handbook of Venous and
Lymphatic Disorders: Guidelines of the American Venous
Forum provides a current review and reference source
for managing venous and lymphatic clinical challenges.
Arranged in seven parts and including 68 chapters, it is
comprehensive and up to date. An example is the inclusion
of the management of venous trauma under Special Venous
Problems. Editor Peter Gloviczki, a widely recognized world
leader in managing vascular problems, including those of
the venous and lymphatic systems, is assisted ably by coeditors Michael Dalsing, Bo Eklöf, Fedor Lurie, omas
Wakeleld, and Monika Gloviczki, all of whom have established worldwide credibility in managing venous and lymphatic diseases. rough four editions, this eort has been
championed by the American Venous Forum over the past
20 years now, with the support of other organizations,
including the Society for Vascular Surgery. Comparison to
the rst edition emphasizes the expansion and progress in
managing venous and lymphatic diseases. It is most appropriate that the editors have dedicated this fourth edition of
the Handbook of Venous and Lymphatic Disorders to John J.
Bergan, the First President of the American Venous Forum.
Of many productive members of the American Venous
Forum in recent years, John J. Bergan stands at the forefront
in championing the management of lymphatic and venous
diseases as recognized around the world. As the second
President of the American Venous Forum, it was a distinct
privilege and pleasure to work closely with and to learn
from John J. Bergan.
e rst meeting of the European–American Symposium
on Venous Diseases in Montreaux, Switzerland, in 1974
revealed the domination of surgeons and physicians from
Europe and Latin America in treating venous and lymphatic diseases. Of course, there were a few Americans,
including Geza de Takats, John Homan, Robert Linton,
and Karl Lofgren, who had an interest in venous diseases
in the early part of the twentieth century; however, they
were the exceptions. Subsequently, the second meeting of
the European–American Symposium of Venous Diseases
in Zurich, Switzerland, in 1978 and the third meeting in
Acapulco, Mexico, in 1981 stimulated additional interest
among physician and surgeons in North America, leading to the fourth meeting in Bethesda, Maryland, in 1987
when, with the support of European leaders, including Leo
Widmer of Switzerland and others, in managing venous
and lymphatic diseases, the American eort to establish
the American Venous Forum was supported under the
presidency of John J. Bergan. A h European–American
Symposium on Venous Diseases was held in 1990 in Vienna,
Austria, under the leadership of Hugo Partsch, and it was
agreed that this would be the last with phlebological societies established throughout the world.
With the majority of the contributors to the fourth
edition of the Handbook of Venous and Lymphatic Disorders
coming from the membership of the American Venous
Forum, this is a testament of the progress made over the
past 25 years. Nevertheless, international contributions
from long-established experts, including Eberhardt Rabe,
Ramesh Tripathi, Peter Neglén, Alun Davies, and Philip
Coleridge-Smith, augment and complement the American
experience. Just as editors Peter Gloviczki, Bo Eklöf, Fedor
Lurie, and others have contributed from both European
and American bases, the United States as a “melting pot”
continues to welcome contributions from multiple sources.
Byung-Boong Lee has had extensive experience in both
South Korea and in the United States with diagnosing
andmanaging arteriovenous malformations. International
cooperation is noted in this fourth edition, including that
of Hugo Partsch, omas Proebstle, Oscar Maleti, Marzia
Lugli, and Patrick Carpentier.
Everyone involved can be justiably proud of their
accomplishments as represented over the past 25 years and
included in this fourth edition of the Handbook of Venous
and Lymphatic Disorders. As interest in global medicine
continues to expand, cooperative international activities
such as this will benet patients around the world.
Norman M. Rich, MD, FACS, DMCC
xi
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Preface
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It is with excitement and great anticipation that we present
to you the fourth edition of the Handbook of Venous and
Lymphatic Disorders. Twenty years aer the publication of
the rst edition, jointly edited with James S.T. Yao, the current volume serves as testimony to the remarkable progress
that occurred during the past two decades in the evaluation
and treatment of acute and chronic venous and lymphatic
disorders. From cover to cover, the fourth edition logically
progresses from basic considerations, epidemiology, classication, diagnostic evaluation, and imaging studies to
current management of the most prevalent venous and lymphatic disorders.
Almost 1 million people in the United States are aected
by acute venous thromboembolism, and a third of these
will have a frequently fatal pulmonary embolism. is
book discusses the latest advances in the evaluation and
treatment of these conditions. Medical therapy, including indications and the ecacies of new antithrombotic
medications, are presented. Attention is focused on eective, minimally invasive, endovascular techniques to treat
acute deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism with
catheter-directed thrombolysis, pharmacomechanical and
aspiration thrombectomy, and, when needed, venous stenting. Few areas in medicine have progressed as quickly as
the minimally invasive outpatient treatment of chronic
venous disease. Almost a quarter of the adult United States
population has varicose veins, and millions have advanced
chronic venous insuciency. Treatment of this frequently
painful and disabling illness has advanced by leaps and
bounds by applying endovenous therapies, laser and radiofrequency ablation, liquid and foam sclerotherapy, minimally invasive surgery, or the latest technologies using
cyanoacrylate embolization or mechanico-chemical ablations, among others.
An estimated 6–7 million women in the United States
suer from chronic pelvic congestion syndrome. Evaluation
and management of this highly prevalent venous syndrome,
together with other special venous pathologies, such as
May–urner syndrome and axillary subclavian venous
thrombosis, are presented in great detail in this edition.
Chapters on vascular malformation, venous trauma, and
the management of venous tumors are included, and the
up-to-date management of chronic lymphedema, chylous
eusions, and chylous complications is discussed.
Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for managing the day-to-day practice of venous specialists are the
hallmark of this book. is fourth edition includes 300 new
guidelines, 105 dealing with the management of chronic
venous disorders. e guidelines are aligned with recently
published recommendations of the American Venous
Forum, the Society for Vascular Surgery, the American
College of Chest Physicians, and other important and relevant organizations. An increasing number of randomized
controlled studies, many with follow-up periods of ve or
more years, provide high levels of evidence to guidelines on
the management of acute and chronic venous disorders.
Written by the world’s foremost venous specialists,
leaders of the American Venous Forum, and international
authorities, the handbook has become the most important
encyclopedic and practical reference for both information
and the day-to-day management of venous and lymphatic
disorders. Together with our enthusiastic and hard-working
group of Associate Editors, including Michael C. Dalsing,
Bo Eklöf, Fedor Lurie, and omas W. Wakeeld, we express
our most sincere gratitude to those who have contributed to
this volume. We are grateful to our publisher, CRC Press,
Taylor & Francis Group in England, to Medical Editor
Miranda Bromage, Editorial Assistant Cherry Allen, and
to Nick Barber, Project Manager at Techset Composition in
Chennai, India, for their eorts, prociency, and for producing such a beautiful book in such a short time. For her
expertise, dedication and unwavering commitment to this
project, I am most indebted to Monika L. Gloviczki. Her
support and love inspired me enormously.
Peter Gloviczki
xiii
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Contributors
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Deoranie N. Abdel-Naby MD
Resident in Surgery, The Brooklyn Hospital Center,
Brooklyn, New York
Yazan Al-Ajam MD
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,
RoyalFree Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Jose I. Almeida
MD FACS RPVI RVT
Voluntary Professor of Surgery, University of Miami School
of Medicine, Director, Miami Vein Center, Miami, Florida
Enrico Ascher MD
Professor of Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine,
Chief, Division of Vascular Surgery, NYU-Lutheran Medical
Center, Brooklyn, New York
Michael T. Ayad
MD
Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery,
Southcoast Health System, Fall River, Massachusetts
Claire E. Bender MD
Professor of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine,
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
Minnesota
Haraldur Bjarnason
MD
Professor of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine,
Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Director,
Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
Stuart Blackwood
MD
Department of Surgery, Danbury Hospital, Western
Connecticut Health Network, Connecticut
John Blebea
MD MBA
Professor of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery,
University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Tulsa,
Oklahoma
Thomas C. Bower
MD
Professor of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine,
Chair, Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery,
Gonda Vascular Center, Rochester, Minnesota
Andrew W. Bradbury
FRCSEng
BSc MB ChB (Hons) MBA MD FEBVS FRC SEd
Sampson Gamgee Professor of Vascular Surgery,
University of Birmingham and Consultant Vascular
Surgeon, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust,
Birmingham, United Kingdom
Ruth L. Bush
MD JD MPH
Professor of Surgery, College of Medicine, Texas A&M
Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
Aurelia T. Calero
MD
Assistant Professor of Surgery, Director, USF
Comprehensive Vein Center, University of
South FloridaMorsani College of Medicine,
Tamp a, Florid a
Joseph A. Caprini
MD MS FACS RV T
Louis W. Biegler Chair of Surgery, Division of
VascularSurgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem,
Evanston, Illinois and Clinical Professor of Surgery,
The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine,
Chicago, Illinois
Patrick H. Carpentier
MD
Professor of Vascular Medicine, Centre Hospitalier
Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France and
Professor of Medicine, Grenoble University Medical
School, Grenoble, France
Dawn M. Coleman
MD FAC S
Assistant Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Philip D. Coleridge Smith DM FRC S
Consultant Vascular Surgeon, British Vein Institute,
London, United Kingdom
Anthony J. Comerota MD FAC S FACC
Director, Jobst Vascular Institute, The Toledo Hospital,
Toledo, Ohio and Adjunct Professor of Surgery,
Universityof Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Louise Corle
MD
Vascular Resident, Department of Surgery, Knight
Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science
University, Portland, Oregon
Michael C. Dalsing
MD FAC S
E. Dale and Susan E. Habegger Professor
of Surgery andChair, Division of Vascular
Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine,
Indianapolis, Indiana
Katy Darvall
MB ChB MD FRCS
Consultant Vascular and Endovascular Surgeon,
NorthDevon Healthcare NHS Trust, United Kingdom
xv
xvi Contributors
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Alun H. Davies MD DM DSC FRCS FHEA FEBVS FACPH
Professor of Vascular Surgery & Honorary Consultant
Surgeon, Head of Section of Vascular Surgery,
Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery & Cancer,
Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College School of
Medicine, Level4,Charing Cross Hospital, London,
UnitedKingdom
Huw Davies
BSc (Hon s) MB BS MRCS
Research Fellow, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust,
Birmingham, United Kingdom
Steven M. Dean
DO FACP RPVI
Professor of Clinical Internal Medicine, Division of
Cardiovascular Medicine, Ohio State University Wexner
Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
Erin S. DeMartino
MD
Pulmonary and Critical Care Fellow, Division of
Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota
Randall R. DeMartino
MD MS
Assistant Professor of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College
of Medicine, Consultant, Division of Vascular and
Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
Minnesota
Jose A. Diaz
MD
Department of Surgery, University of Michigan,
AnnArbor, Michigan
Alan M. Dietzek
MD RPVI FACS
Clinical Professor of Surgery, University of Vermont
College of Medicine, Linda and Stephen R Cohen Chair in
Vascular Surgery, Danbury Hospital–Western CT Health
Network, Danbury, Connecticut
Christine M. Dubberke
Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine,
Bryan, Texas
Audra A. Duncan
MD
Professor of Surgery, Western University, Chief, Division
of Vascular Surgery, LHSC Victoria Hospital, London,
Ontario
Walter N. Duran
MD
Vice Chair and Professor, Department of Pharmacology,
Physiology and Surgery, University of Medicine and
Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
Bo Eklöf
MD PhD
Clinical Professor, Emeritus, of Surgery, University
of Hawaii and University of Lund, Helsingborg,
Sweden
Steve Elias
MD FAC S FACPh
Director, Center for Vein Disease and Wound Healing
Center, Englewood Hospital and Medical Center,
Englewood, New Jersey
Young Erben
MD
Assistant Professor of Surgery, Section of Vascular
Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
Omar L. Esponda
MD RPVI RPhS
NYU Langone Medical Center, Division of Vascular and
Endovascular Surgery, New York, New York
Cindy L. Felty APRN C.N.P. M.S.N.
Assistant Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of
Medicine, Mankato Campus, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota
Mark D. Fleming MD
Assistant Professor of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College
of Medicine, Consultant, Division of Vascular and
Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
Jeremy L. Friese
MD MBA
Founder and Chairman, Evidentia Health Inc.,
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Antonios P. Gasparis MD
Professor of Surgery, Division of Vascular and
Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery,
StonyBrook University Medical Center, Stony Brook,
NewYork
David L. Gillespie
MD RVT FACS
Affiliated Professor of Surgery Uniformed Services
University, Chief, Department of Vascular and
Endovascular Surgery, Southcoast Health System,
FallRiver, Massachusetts
James F. Glockner
MD
Assistant Professor of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of
Medicine, Consultant, Department of Radiology, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
Monika L. Gloviczki
MD PhD
Research Fellow, Emeritus, Department of Internal
Medicine and the Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota
Peter Gloviczki
MD FAC S
Joe M. and Ruth Roberts Professor of Surgery, Consultant
and Chair, Emeritus, Division of Vascular and Endovascular
Surgery, Director, Emeritus, Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
Michael Harlander-Locke
MPH
Division of Vascular Surgery, University of California Los
Angeles, Los Angeles, California
Linda Harris
MD
Professor of Surgery, Chief, Division of Vascular Surgery,
State University of New York, New York
John A. Heit
MD
Professor of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and
Medicine, Emeritus, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine,
Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota
Peter K. Henke
MD
Professor of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Anil Hingorani
MD
NYU Lutheran Medical Center, Division of Vascular
Surgery, Brooklyn, New York
Contributors xvii
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Ying Huang MD PhD
Research Associate, Division of Vascular and Endovascular
Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
Karl A. Illig MD
Professor of Surgery, Director, Division of Vascular
Surgery, University of South Florida Morsani College of
Medicine, Tampa, Florida
Benjamin Jacobs
MD
Department of Surgery, University of Michigan,
AnnArbor, Michigan
Arjun Jayaraj MD
Vascular Surgeon, St. Dominic Hospital and the Rane
Center, Jackson, Mississippi
Lowell S. Kabnick
MD RPhS FACS FACPh
NYU Langone Medical Center, Division of Vascular
and Endovascular Surgery, Director, NYU Vein Center,
NewYork, New York
Manju Kalra
MBBS
Professor of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine,
Consultant, Division of Vascular and Endovascular
Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
Pamela S. Kim
MD
Department of Surgery, Stony Brook University Medical
Center, Stony Brook, New York
Robert L. Kistner
MD
Clinical Professor of Surgery, John A. Burns School of
Medicine, University of Hawaii, Hawaii
Angela A. Kokkosis MD
Assistant Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery,
Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook,
NewYork
Venkataramu N. Krishnamurthy
MD
Department of Radiology, University of Michigan,
AnnArbor, Michigan
Nicos Labropoulos BSc (Med) PhD DIC RVT
Professor of Surgery and Radiology, Stony Brook
University Medical Center, Director, Vascular Laboratory,
University Hospital, Stony Brook, New York
Brajesh K. Lal
MD
Professor of Surgery, University of Maryland, Chief of
Endovascular Surgery, University of Maryland Medical
Center, Chief of Vascular Service, Baltimore Veteran
Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
Tristan R. A. Lane
MD
Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College
London, London, United Kingdom
James Laredo MD P hD
Associate Professor of Surgery, Division of Vascular
Surgery, Department of Surgery, George Washington
University, Washington DC
Peter F. Lawrence
MD
Professor and Chief, Division of Vascular Surgery, University
of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
Byung-Boong Lee
MD
Clinical Professor of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery,
Department of Surgery, George Washington University,
Washington DC
Timothy K. Liem
MD MBA FACS
Professor of Surgery, Knight Cardiovascular Institute,
Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
Elisabeth A. Lindgren MD
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
Minnesota
Joann Lohr
md FACS R VT
Lohr Surgical Specialists, LLC, President, Good Samaritan
TriHealth Hospital MedicalStaff, Cincinnati, Ohio
Marzia Lugli MD
Vascular Surgeon, Hesperia Hospital Deep Venous
Surgery Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery,
Hesperia Hospital, Modena, Italy
Fedor Lurie
MD PhD
Adjunct Research Professor University of Michigan, Ann
Arbor, Michigan and Associate Director, Jobst Vascular
Institute, Toledo, Ohio
Edward G. Mackay
MD
Vascular Surgeon, Palm Harbor, Florida
Oscar Maleti
MD
Chief of Vascular Surgery, Director of Hesperia
Hospital Deep Venous Surgery Center, Department of
Cardiovascular Surgery, Hesperia Hospital, Modena,
Italyand Director for Research Interuniversity Center,
Math-Tech-Med, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
Rafael D. Malgor
MD
Assistant Professor of Vascular Surgery,
DepartmentofSurgery, University of Oklahoma at
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Jovan N. Markovic
MD
Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of
Surgery,Duke University Medical Center, Durham,
North Carolina
William A. Marston
MD
George Johnson Jr Distinguished Professor of Surgery,
University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chief,
Division of Vascular Surgery, University of North Carolina
Hospitals, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Robert D. McBane
II MD FACC
Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine,
Chair, Division of Vascular Medicine, Department of
Cardiology Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
Robert B. McLafferty
MD
Chief of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Health Care System,
Professor of Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University,
Portland, Oregon
Mark H. Meissner
MD
Professor, Department of Surgery, University of
Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
xviii Contributors
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Bernardo C. Mendes MD
Vascular Surgery Resident, Mayo School of Graduate
Medical Education, Division of Vascular and Endovascular
Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
Anita T. Mohan
MD
Resident, Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic,
Rochester, Minnesota
Gregory L. Moneta MD
Professor and Chief, Vascular Surgery, Department of
Surgery, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health &
Science University, Portland, Oregon
Nick Morrison
MD
Morrison Vein Institute, Tempe, Arizona
Erin H. Murphy
MD
Vascular Surgeon, St. Dominic Hospital and the Rane
Center, Jackson, Mississippi
Peter Neglén MD PhD
Vascular Surgeon, SP Vascular Center, Limassol, Cyprus
Richard F. Neville
MD
Associate Director, Heart and Vascular Institute, INOVA
Health System, Director, Vascular Services, INOVA Health
System, Fairfax, Virginia
Diane M. Nitzki-George
Pharm D MBA
Clinical Pharmacist, Physicians Regional Medical Center,
Naples, Florida and Assistant Clinical Professor, WPPD
Program, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida,
Florida
Andrea T. Obi
MD
Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery,
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
Gustavo S. Oderich MD
Professor of Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine,
Consultant and Program Director, Division of Vascular
and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
Minnesota
Thomas F. O’Donnell Jr.
MD
Benjamin Andrews Distinguished Professor of Surgery
(Emeritus), Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston,
Massachusetts
Sarah Onida
MD
Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College
London, London, United Kingdom
Frank T. Padberg Jr. MD FACS
Professor of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery,
Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
Felizitas Pannier MD
Private Practice, Associate Professor of Phlebology
and Dermatology, Bonn, Germany and Department of
Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
Peter J. Pappas
MD
Regional Medical Director, Center For Vein Restoration,
Basking Ridge, New Jersey
Hugo Partsch
MD
Professor Emeritus of Dermatology at University of
Vienna, Austria
Marc A. Passman MD
Professor of Surgery, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
William H. Pearce MD
Professor of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery,
Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
Patrick J. Peller MD
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
Minnesota
Thomas M. Proebstle MD PhD
Associate Professor Clinical Dermatology, College and
University Medical Center Mainz, Germany and Director
Private Clinic Proebstle, Mannheim, Germany
Eberhard Rabe
MD
Professor, Department of Dermatology, University of
Bonn, Germany
Joseph D. Raffetto MD
Associate Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical
School,Boston, Massachusetts and VA Boston
Health Care System, West Roxbury, Massachusetts
and Brighamand Women’s Hospital, Boston,
Massachusetts
Seshadri Raju
MD
Vascular Surgeon, St. Dominic Hospital and the Rane
Center, Jackson, Mississippi
John E. Rectenwald MD MS
Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular and
Endovascular Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern
Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
Arthur Delos Reyes
MD
Vascular Fellow, Jobst Vascular Institute,
Toledo, Ohio
Jeffrey M. Rhodes
MD
Vascular Surgeon, Vascular Surgery Associates PC,
VeinCare Center of Rochester, New York
Syed Ali Rizvi
DO
NYU Lutheran Medical Center, Division of Vascular
Surgery, Brooklyn, New York
Scott T. Robinson MD PhD
Department of Surgery, University of Michigan,
AnnArbor, Michigan
Heron E. Rodriguez
MD
Associate Professor of Surgery and Radiology, Division
of Vascular Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago,
Illinois
Thom W. Rooke
MD MSVM FACC
Krehbiel Professor of Vascular Medicine, College of
Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, Gonda Vascular
Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
Contributors xix
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Connie Ryjewski APN
Department of Surgery, Advocate Lutheran General
Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois
Michel Saint-Cyr MD F RCS (C)
Wigley Professor of Plastic Surgery, Director,
Division of Plastic Surgery, Scott & White
Healthcare, Temple, Texas
Lewis B. Schwartz
md
Department of Surgery, Advocate Lutheran General
Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois
Cynthia K. Shortell MD
Professor and Chief, Division of Vascular
Surgery, Chief of Staff, Department of Surgery,
Duke University Medical Center, Durham,
NorthCarolina
Anton N. Sidawy
MD MPH
Professor of Surgery, George Washington University,
Chair, Department of Surgery, George Washington
University, Washington, District of Columbia
Anjan Talukdar
MD
Vascular Surgeon, St Marys Hospital, Medison,
Wisconsin
Ramesh K. Tripathi
MD FRCS FRACS
Professor of Vascular Surgery, Narayana Institute of
Cardiac Sciences, Bangalore, India
Michael A. Vasquez
MD FACS RVT
The Venous Institute of Buffalo, Clinical Assistant
Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery, University
atBuffalo, SUNY Buffalo, New York
Terri J. Vrtiska
MD
Professor of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine,
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
Minnesota
Thomas W. Wakefield
MD FAC S
Stanley Professor of Vascular Surgery and Head, Section
of Vascular Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
Michigan
John V. White
MD
Department of Surgery, Advocate Lutheran General
Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois
Waldemar E. Wysokinski MD
Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine,
Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Gonda Vascular
Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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