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372 Atlas of Gastrointestinal Surgery: Spleen
Hemostasis is achieved on the resected surface of
the spleen by placing a row of overlapping horizontal
mattress sutures of 2-0 synthetic monofilament nonabsorbable suture material. Strips of Dacron felt
(Invista Inc.) are placed on either side of the spleen
to prevent the sutures from tearing the capsule (7).
Instead of using Dacron felt, one may choose to
use strips of omentum. We actually prefer this
Mattress
sutures
through
resected
surface
approach. The omentum can either be pedicled,
or a free graft can be used (8). Many surgeons
prefer to use omentum rather than leaving foreign
body behind.
Alternative
Spleen
Dacron
felt strips
7
8
Omental
pedicle
Resected
surface
Omental
free graft

Management of Splenic Trauma By Partial Splenic Resection 373
If any bleeding continues, the argon beam coagulator is
often helpful in further controlling such bleeding (9). A
closed suction Silastic drain is left to this area (10), as
much to protect against an unrecognized pancreatic tail
injury as for drainage of the spleen.
Spleen
Splenic a
Tail of
pancreas
Argon
beam
coagulator
Splenic v.
9
Stomach
Omentum
Colon
10

Management of Splenic Trauma By Mesh
Splenorrhaphy
Operative Indications:
Splenic salvage should be attempted when the splenic injury is isolated, and the patient is stable. If there are other organ
injuries, or if the patient is unstable from blood loss from the splenic injury, splenic salvage generally should not be attempted. For many splenic injuries, hemostasis and salvage can be accomplished by a variety of hemostatic techniques or suture
splenorrhaphy. In patients with lacerations that extend deep into the splenic hilum, a partial splenic resection may be
required. A patient’s spleen is rarely so macerated that the technique of using hemostatic agents, suture splenorrhaphy, or
even partial resection are not sufficient to repair the badly injured spleen. A technique that is occasionally applicable to
such patients is mesh splenorrhaphy. Since it is much more important to salvage a spleen in a young patient, this technique
should only be applied when one is dealing with an otherwise young, healthy patient, who would be at risk for infections
from encapsulated organisms if the spleen was removed.
Operative Technique:
The patient is explored through a long midline incision. The entire abdomen is examined
to rule out other injuries. If the only injury is to the spleen and the patient is relatively
stable without evidence of great blood loss, splenic salvage can be attempted. In this
instance, the spleen contains many lacerations through the capsule deep into the
parenchyma, but the splenic hilum is intact. The lesser sac is entered by removing the
omentum from the left transverse colon. The omentum is further divided anterior to the
hilum of the spleen between Kelly clamps and is ligated with 2-0 silks. The splenic artery
is then identified along the superior border of the body and the tail of the pancreas,

Stomach
Management of Splenic Trauma By Mesh Spenorrhaphy 375
Splenic a.
temporarily
occluded
Spleen
mobilized, and clamped temporarily with
a bulldog clamp (1). This, along with
wrapping the spleen with a Mikulicz’s pad
Omentum
and applying pressure with the hand,
achieves adequate temporary hemostasis. The
vasa brevia can then be further divided between
Reinhoff clamps and ligated with 2-0 silks. The
Colon
spleen is then completely mobilized out of the
retroperitoneum by dividing the lateral peritoneal
reflections (2).
1
Retroperitoneal
attachments
divided
2

376 Atlas of Gastrointestinal Surgery: Spleen
Vasa brevia divided while
manually compressing spleen
Once the spleen is completely mobilized so that it can be
delivered up into the wound, the remaining vasa bre-
via are ligated and divided (3). At this point, the
spleen is completely mobilized from all surround-
ing attachments and is connected only by its
vessels in the splenic hilum to the tail of the
pancreas.
A sheet of synthetic absorbable polyglycolic acid mesh is then wrapped around the
spleen and gathered together at the splenic
hilum (4). The mesh is elastic, and one can
compress the splenic parenchyma evenly by
placing a purse string around the splenic
hilum, gathering all the mesh together under
tension (5). This compression can be very
effective in achieving hemostasis. One has to be
3
Spleen
Polyglycolic
acid mesh
certain, however, to not compress either the
Tail of
pancreas
4

Management of Splenic Trauma By Mesh Spenorrhaphy 377
5
splenic artery or splenic vein with the purse string. Before clos-
Splenic
hilum
Tail of
pancreas
Stomach
ing the patient, one has to remove the bulldog clamp from
the splenic artery and be absolutely certain that ade-
quate hemostasis has been achieved. If this technique
is not effective, then one needs to proceed with
splenectomy which, at this point, will obviously
only take a few minutes as only the hilar vessels
remain. The patient needs to be watched carefully
postoperatively for evidence of bleeding. If hemo-
stasis is achieved in the operating room, late bleed-
ing is distinctly unusual, even with this technique.
Prior to discharge, the patient should be vaccinated
against the various encapsulated organisms.
Mesh compressing
splenic parenchyma

Drainage of Splenic Abscess
Operative Indications:
Splenic abscesses are rare. They may be seen in patients with endocarditis or, perhaps more commonly today, intravenous
drug abusers. They may, however, accompany a wide variety of disorders. If the splenic abscess is relatively small and the
perisplenic inflammation not intense, the lesion should probably be treated by a splenectomy. In some instances, where the
spleen is enlarged and there is substantial perisplenic inflammation with adhesions, splenectomy might be quite difficult in
an ill patient. Under such circumstances, draining the splenic abscess is acceptable. Generally, this should be performed
open rather than percutaneously to decrease the obvious risk of hemorrhage.
Operative Technique:
The patient is explored through either a midline or left subcostal incision. The abdomen
is examined to rule out other pathology. The left upper quadrant is exposed, and the
enlarged spleen palpated. Generally, the area of fluctuance is easily identified.

Liver
Drainage of Splenic Abscess 379
Perisplenic
adhesions
Stomach
1
Aspirate
Splenic
abscess
The location of the splenic abscess can be confirmed with intraoperative ultrasound or by aspirating with
a 20-gauge needle on a 10-ml syringe (1).

380 Atlas of Gastrointestinal Surgery: Spleen
Spleen
After its location has been identified, using an elec-
2
Abscess
cavity
trocautery and cutting down along the needle,
the abscess cavity is entered (2). The splenic
cavity is copiously irrigated with an antibiotic
solution. Silastic closed suction drains are
left in the abscess cavity and brought out
through stab wounds in the left upper
quadrant (3).
3
Abscess
cavity
Silastic
drains

THE ESOPHAGUS
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