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Contributors

https://t.me/med1917

Jyotsna Agarwal Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Hamdard

Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India

AbdulelahAlhawsawi Novo Genomics, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Thomas A. Aloia Oncology Services, Maternal Health and Perinatal Medicine,

Ascension, Houston, TX, USA

Marie T.Aouad Department of Anesthesiology, American University of Beirut

Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

Michel Attieh Department of Anatomical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine,

American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

ChakibMauriceAyoub Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University school

of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA

TalaBallouz Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases,

American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

FouadBoulos Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University

in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA

Davy Cheng Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University,

London, ON, Canada

MeenaNathanCherian Department of Global Health New Challenges, Geneva

Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Versoix, Switzerland

Chrysanthos D. Christou Center for Research and Innovation in Solid Organ

Transplantation, Department of Transplantation Surgery, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece

Julia R. Coleman Department of Surgery, University of Colorado–Denver,

Aurora, CO, USA

Jeffrey B. Cooper Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, & Pain Medicine,

Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

Center for Medical Simulation, Boston, MA, USA

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Contributors

Justin B. Dimick Frederick A. Coller Distinguished Professor and Chair

Department of Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

Roman Dudaryk Department of Anesthesiology, University of Miami,

Miami, FL, USA

Ryder Trauma Center, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA

Sarada Eleswarpu Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University school of

Medicine, Durham, NC, USA

Majed El Hechi Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

AdrianW.Gelb Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of

California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

AlexHaynes Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, University of Texas

Austin, Austin, TX, USA

Rana M. Higgins Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin,

Milwaukee, WI, USA

JamalJ.Hoballah Department of Surgery, American University of Beirut Medical

Center, Beirut, Lebanon

RyanHoward Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

Kamal M. F. Itani Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare

System, West Roxbury, MA, USA

Department of Surgery, Boston University, Boston, USA

Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

Haytham M. A. Kaafarani Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma,

Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

CynthiaKaram American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

PetraKhoury Health and Care Department, International Federation of Red Cross

Red Crescent, Geneva, Switzerland

Gentian Kristo Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare

System, West Roxbury, MA, USA

Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

Wilton C. Levine, M.D. Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

M. Soa Macedo Center for National Health Insurance, Ar Rabi, Riyadh,

Saudi Arabia

Contributors

https://t.me/med1917

WissamMaroun American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

JanetMartin Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Medicine, Epidemiology

& Biostatistics, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada

CharbelF.Matar Department of Internal Medicine, University of Connecticut,

Farmington, CT, USA

Lydia R. Maurer Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital,

Boston, MA, USA

GeorgeMolina Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

Elizabeth Mort Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital,

Boston, MA, USA

MarcA.de Moya Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA

NathanD.Neilsen Section of Transfusion Medicine and Therapeutic Pathology,

Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA

TimothyE.Newhook Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Surgery, MD

Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA

Raymond R. Price Center for Global Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

Marwan M. Refaat Department of Internal Medicine/ Division of Cardiology,

American University of Beirut, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center (AUBMC), Beirut, Lebanon

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon

Scott E. Regenbogen Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann

Arbor, MI, USA

Samantha J. Rivard Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann

Arbor, MI, USA

Marwan Sarkis Rizk Department of Anesthesiology, American University of

Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

NesrineA.Rizk Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases,

American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

Mohammad Sabra Department of Internal Medicine/Division of Cardiology,

Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA

Carine Sakr Department of Employee Health, American University of Beirut

Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

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Contributors

RichardSchulick University of Colorado Department of Surgery, Aurora, CO, USA

University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA

University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA

Jamie L. Sparling Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, & Pain Medicine,

Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

Ali Taher Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal

Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon

Yasmine Tameze, M.D. Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

GeorgiosTsoulfas Department of Transplantation Surgery, Center for Research

and Innovation in Solid Organ Transplantation, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece

Center for Research and Innovation in Solid Organ Transplantation, Department of Transplantation Surgery, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece

PatriciaL.Turner American College of Surgeons, Chicago, IL, USA

UlfatUsta Pharmacy Department, Aman Hospital, Doha, Qatar

Mohammad Rachad Wehbe Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of

Surgery, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA

DanielDanteYeh Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA

Abbreviations

https://t.me/med1917

AAMC Association of American Medical Colleges ABA American Board of Anesthesiology ABC Assessment of blood consumption [score] ABMS American Board of Medical Specialties ACC American College of Cardiology ACCP American College of Chest Physicians ACE Angiotensin-converting enzyme ACEi Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors ACGME Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education ACS American College of Surgeons ACS NSQIP American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality

Improvement Program ACS/SIS American College of Surgeons and the Surgical Infection Society ADD(s) Automated dispensing device(s) ADE(s) Adverse drug event(s) AEIs Accredited Education Institutes AEs Adverse events AGS American Geriatrics Society AHA American Heart Association AHRQ Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality AHTR(s) Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction(s) AI Articial intelligence AIDS Acquired immunodeciency syndrome AIMS Anesthesia Information Management Systems ALT Alanine transaminase AMR Antimicrobial resistance AMT Anesthesia medication template anti-HBc Hepatitis B core antibodies anti-HBs Hepatitis B surface antibodies AORN Association of periOperative Registered Nurses APSF Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation aPTT Activated partial thromboplastin time [test] ARB Angiotensin receptor blockers ARM Anesthetic-related mortality

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Abbreviations

ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists ASCO American Society for Clinical Oncology ASH American Society of Hematology ASHP American Society of Health-System Pharmacists ASPE Association of Standardized Patient Educators ASPF Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation ASPiH Association for Simulated Practice in Healthcare ATC Acute traumatic coagulopathy ATLS Advanced Trauma Life Support [course] AV Atrioventricular BBP(s) Blood-borne pathogen(s) BID Twice a day [dose] BMI Body mass index BPMH Best Possible Medication History CABG Coronary artery bypass grafting CAP College of American Pathologists CAT Critical administration threshold CAT Competency assessment tool CBC Complete blood count CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDIs Clostridium difcile infections CDS Clinical decision support CHSE Certied Healthcare Simulator Educator CICV Cannot intubate, cannot ventilate CIED(s) Cardiac implantable electronic device(s) CISB Critical incident stress debrieng CMS Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services CoC Commission on Cancer COT Committee on Trauma CPAP Continuous positive airway pressure CPC Committee on Perioperative Care CPOE Computerized physician order entry [system(s)] CRM Crew resource management CRM Crisis resource management CRT Cardiac resynchronization therapy CS Clinical skills CSPS Council on Surgical and Perioperative Safety CUSP Comprehensive unit-based safety program CVR Chest X-ray CXR Chest radiograph DAC Difcult airway cart DAM Difcult airway management DASH Debrieng Assessment for Simulation in Healthcare [program] DI Difcult intubation DMV Difcult mask ventilation

Abbreviations

https://t.me/med1917

DRGs Diagnosis-related groups DTI Difcult tracheal intubation dVSS daVinci skills simulator DVT Deep vein thrombosis EACTS European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery EAS European Atherosclerosis Society EBL Estimated blood loss ECG Electrocardiogram ECRI Emergency Care Research Institute ECU Electrocautery units EE Exposed employee EFL Expiratory ow limitation EMI Electromagnetic interference EMT Emergency medical team EPA Environmental Protection Agency ER Emergency room ERAS Enhanced recovery after surgery ES Erector spinae ESA European Society of Anesthesiology ESA Emergency surgical airway ESC European Society of Cardiology ESU Electrosurgery unit FAA Federal Aviation Administration FDA Food and Drug Administration FeO2 Fraction of expired oxygen FES Fundamentals of endoscopic surgery FFP Fresh frozen plasma FiO2 Fraction of inspired oxygen FLS Fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery FMEA Failure mode and effect analysis FSTD Flight simulation training devices FUSE Fundamental Use of Surgical Energy

GA General anesthesia GCS Graduated compression stockings GDFT Goal-directed uid therapy GTT Global Trigger Tool HAIs Healthcare-associated infections/hospital-acquired infections HbeAG Hepatitis B e antigen HBIG Hepatitis B immunoglobulin HbsAG Hepatitis B surface antigen HBV Hepatitis B virus HCUP Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project HCV Hepatitis C virus HCW Healthcare workers HERAM Health Resources Availability Monitoring System

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Abbreviations

HFE Human factors engineering HFMEA Healthcare failure mode and effect analysis HFS Hip fracture surgery HICs High-income countries HIPAA Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act HIT Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia HIV Human immunodeciency virus HR Heart rate HRS Heart Rhythm Society iAEs Intraoperative adverse events ICD Implantable cardioverter debrillator ICD-9-CM International Classication of Diseases, Ninth Revision,

Clinical Modication ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross ICU Intensive care unit IFU Instructions for use IHI Institute for Healthcare Improvement ILR Implantable loop recorder IMSN International Medication Safety Network IMV Invasive mechanical ventilation INACSL International Nursing Association of Clinical Simulation and

Learning INR International normalized ratio [test] IOM Institute of Medicine IPC Intermittent pneumatic compression IPSS International Pediatric Simulation Society ISCR Improving Surgical Care and Recovery [program] ISMP Institute for Safe Medication Practice IU International unit IV Intravenous IV-PCA Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia JCAHO Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations JCI Joint Commission International LDUH Low-dose unfractionated heparin LFT(s) Liver function test(s) LMA Laryngeal mask airway LMICs Low- and middle-income countries LMWH Low molecular weight heparin LOS Length of stay LOSA Line Operations Safety Audit LT Laryngeal tube LVEF Low ventricular ejection fraction M & M Morbidity and mortality MAP Mean arterial pressure

Abbreviations

https://t.me/med1917

xxi

MATTERs Military Application of Tranexamic Acid in Trauma Emergency

Resuscitation study MBSAQIP Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality

Improvement Program ME(s) Medication error(s) MELD Model for end-stage liver disease MGH Massachusetts General Hospital MI Myocardial infarction mL Milliliter MOCA® Maintenance of Certication inAnesthesiology MPs Microparticles MRSA Methicillin-resistant S. aureus MSF Médecins Sans Frontières MT Massive transfusion MTP(s) Massive transfusion protocol(s) MTS Massive transfusion score MTT Medical team training MV Mask ventilation NAPBC National Accreditation Program for Breast Centers NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NCC MERP National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting

and Prevention NDA New drug approval NDMR Non-depolarizing muscle relaxation NHSN National Healthcare Safety Network NIBP Non-invasive blood pressure NICE National Institute for Health and Care Excellence NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health NMBA(s) Neuromuscular blocking agent(s) NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission NSP National Simulator Program NSQIP National Surgical Quality Improvement Program NTDB National Trauma Data Bank NQF National Quality Forum O/E Observed to expected [events] OR Operating room OR Odds ratio OSCE Objective Structured Clinical Exam OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Agency PAC Pre-anesthesia clinic PACU Post-anesthesia care unit PALS Pediatric advanced life support PA-PSRS Pennsylvania Patient Safety Reporting System PBM Patient blood management

xxii

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Abbreviations

PCA Patient-controlled analgesia PCI Percutaneous coronary intervention PDSA Plan, do, study, act PE Pulmonary emboli PEP Post-exposure prophylaxis PFO Patent foramen ovale PM Pacemaker POMR Perioperative mortality rate PPE Personal protective equipment PPM Preventative periodic maintenance PPV Pulse pressure variation PROMMTT PRospective, Observational, Multicenter, Major Trauma

Transfusion [study] PROPPR Pragmatic, randomized Optimal Platelet and Plasma

Ratios [trial] PSIs Patient Safety Indicators PT Prothrombin time PTSD Post-traumatic stress disorder PVC Polyvinyl chloride PWH Prince of Wales Hospital/Rainer [score] QA Quality assurance QI Quality improvement QIP(s) Quality improvement program(s) QL Quadratus lumborum RA Regional anesthesia RACE Rescue, alarm, conne, extinguish RAS-ACS Resident and Associate Society of the American College of

Surgeons RBC(s) Red blood cell(s) RCA Root cause analysis RCRI Revised cardiac risk index RCT(s) Randomized controlled trial(s) RF Radio frequency RFDS Radio-frequency detection systems RFID Radio-frequency identication RI Resuscitation intensity RIOT Return to intended oncologic therapy ROTEM Rotational thromboelastometry RPI Robust process improvement RR Recovery room RSI(s) Retained surgical item(s) SAD Supraglottic airway device SAGES Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons SAQ Safety Attitudes Questionnaire SBAR Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation

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