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Ibrahim Abd El-Shafy, MD Department of Surgery, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Langone—Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA

Jason Fisher, MD Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Surgical Services, Neonatal and Pediatric Ecmo, Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment Program, William F and Virginia Connolly Mitty Associate, NYU Langone Health, Hassenfeld Children’s Hospital at NYU Langone, New York, NY, USA

Bruce Gelb, MD, FACS Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Health/ Transplant Institute, New York, NY, USA

NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

Rose C. Gooding, MD General Surgery Residency, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Langone—Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA

James Grendell, MD Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Langone—Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA

Amber Guth, MD Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Nyu Langone Hospital, New York, NY, USA

Contributors

HazimHakmi, MD General Surgery Residency, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Langone—Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA

DavidHalpern, MD Department of Surgery, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Langone—Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA

General Surgery, NYU Langone Hospital—Long Island, Mineola, NY, USA

Randi Harris, MD Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

HassanHashmi, MD General Surgery Residency, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Langone—Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA

GeorgeHines, MD Division of Vascular Surg, Department of Surgery, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Langone—Long Island, NYU Langone—Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA

RaelinaHowell, MD General Surgery Residency, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Langone—Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA

Jackson Hunt, MD Plastics and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA

Shahidul Islam, DrPD, MPH Department of Foundations of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA

NourItani, Beirut, Lebanon

Contributors

xiii

D’Andrea Joseph, MD, FACS, FACCM Department of Surgery, NYU Langone-Long Island, NYU Langone- Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA

Douglas Katz, MD, FACR Department of Radiology, NYU Langone— Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA

Michael Khalife, MD, FACS Department of Surgery, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Langone—Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA

Christine Kolwitz, DO Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA

MatthewKrell, MD General Surgery Residency, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Langone—Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA

AmitaKundra Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA

Joo Lee, MD General Surgery Residency, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Langone—Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA

Jun Levine, MD Department of Surgery, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Langone—Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA

Division of Minimally Invasive and Bariatric Surgery, NYU Langone Hospital Long Island, Mineola, NY, USA

HelenLiu, MD General Surgery Residency, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Langone—Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA

BrentLlera, MD General Surgery Residency, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Langone—Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA

CrisMalino, MD Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman, NYU Langone Hospital, New York, NY, USA

Cris M. K. Malino, MD, MPH Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

YeshaManiar, MD General Surgery Residency, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Langone—Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA

AmauryMartinez, MD Plastics and Reconstructive Surgery, Saint Joseph’s University Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA

Myriam Martinez Aguilar, MD Department of cardiovascular surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

James Maurer, MD Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai South Nassau, Oceanside, NY, USA

Robert Montgomery, MD, Dphil, FACS Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Health/Transplant Institute, New York, NY, USA

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AndrewMorel, MD General Surgery Residency, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Langone—Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA

Matthew Morris, MD General Surgery Residency, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Langone—Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA

Umair Nasir, MD Gastroenterology, General Surgery Residency, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Langone—Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA

HerschLeonPachter, MD Department of Surgery, NYU Langone General Surgery Associates, New York, NY, USA

KepalPatel, MD FACS NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA

Suedeh Ranjbar, MD General Surgery Residency, NYU Long Island

School of Medicine, NYU Langone—Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA

Christine Ren-Fieldings, MD Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA

Nicholas Sabatino, PA-C Division of Robotic Surgery, NYU Langone— Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA

Contributors

Scott Schubach, MD Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

PareshShah, MD, FACS NYP and Coo Weill Cornell Division, New York Presbyterian and Weill Cornell, New York, NY, USA

David Shin, MD Department of Surgery, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Langone—Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA

Jeffrey Silverstein, MD General Surgery Residency, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA

AmirH.Sohail, MD, MSc General Surgery Residency, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Langone—Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA

ToyookiSonoda, MD Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Langone—Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA

Laurence Spier, MD Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

MatthewSymer, MD Department of Surgery, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Langone—Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA

Miltiadis Tembelis, MD Radiology Residency, NYU Long Island School Of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA

Contributors

FioreToscano, MD Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative Care and Pain Medicine, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA

AlecVaezi, MD Head and Neck Surgery, NYU Langone Hospital—Long Island, Mineola, NY, USA

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

ReeseWain, MD Division of Vascular Surgery, NYU Langone Hospital— Long Island, NYU Langone—Long Island, Mineola, NY, USA

Jennifer Whittington, MD Department of Surgery, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Langone—Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA

Caroline E. Williams, MD General Surgery Residency, University of Central Florida/HCA Healthcare, Pensacola, FL, USA

SawyerCimaroli Wimann, MD General Surgery Residency, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Langone—Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA

MeganWinner, MS, MD, FACS Department of Surgery, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA

Robotic Surgical Oncology Program, NYU Langone Hospital—Long Island, Mineola, NY, USA

ChristopherWolfgang, MD, PhD Department of Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery, NYU Langone Hospital, New York, NY, USA

MichaelZervos, MD Department of CT Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

Clinical Thoracic Surgery, Tisch Hospital/Kimmel Pavilion, NYU Langone Hospital, New York, NY, USA

Robotic Thoracic Surgery, Tisch Hospital/Kimmel Pavilion, NYU Langone Hospital, New York, NY, USA

Tirajeh Zohourian, MD General Surgery Residency, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, NYU Langone—Long Island Hospital, Mineola, NY, USA

Abbreviations

3D 3-Dimensional 5-FU 5-Fluorouracil 5-HIAA 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid

99m

Tc Technetium-99 ABG Arterial Blood Gas ABI Ankle-Brachial Index Abx Antibiotics ACC American College of Cardiology ACE Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme ACE-I Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-Inhibitor ACLS Advanced Cardiac Life Support ACP Advance Care Planning ACS American College of Surgeons ACS NSQIP American College of Surgeons National Surgical

Quality Improvement Program ACTH Adrenocorticotropic Hormone AD Autosomal Dominant ADH Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia AF Atrial Fibrillation AFIB Atrial Fibrillation AFP Alpha-Fetoprotein AHA American Heart Association AHN Articial Hydration and Nutrition AICD Automatic Implantable Cardioverter Debrillator AIDS Acquired Immunodeciency Syndrome AIN Anal Intra-epithelial Neoplasia AJCC American Joint Committee on Cancer AKA Above the Knee Amputation AKI Acute Kidney Injury ALH Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia ALN Axillary Lymph Node ALND Axillary Lymph Node Dissection ALT Alanine Transaminase ALTE Acute Life-Threatening Event AMP Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate AP Anterior-Posterior radiograph APBJ Anomalous Pancreaticobiliary Junction

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APC Antigen-Presenting Cells APR Anterior Perineal Resection APRV Airway Pressure Release Ventilation AR Autosomal Recessive ARB Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ARDS Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists ASGE American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ASIS Anterior Superior Iliac Spine AST Aspartate Aminotransferase AT III Anti-thrombin III ATA American Thyroid Association ATC Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer ATLS Advanced Trauma Life Support ATMs Antithyroid Medications ATN Acute Tubular Necrosis ATPase Adenosine Triphosphatase AUS Atypia of Undetermined Signicance AV Arterio-Venous AVF Arterio-Venous Fistula AVM Arterio-Venous Malformation AXR Abdominal X-ray BAT Blunt Abdominal Trauma BCI Blunt Cardiac Injury BCT Breast Conservative Therapy BCVI Blunt Cerebrovascular Injury β-HCG Beta-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin BIPAP Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure BI-RADS Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System BIA-ALCL Breast Implant–Associated Anaplastic Large Cell

Lymphoma BLSI Blunt Liver and Spleen Injury BMI Body Mass Index BMP Basic Metabolic Panel BNP B-type Natriuretic Peptide BPD Biparietal Diameter BRCA Breast Cancer Gene BRUE Brief Resolved Unexplained Event BTAI Blunt Thoracic Aortic Injury BUN Blood Urea Nitrogen CA 19-9 Cancer Antigen 19-9 CA-125 Cancer Antigen 125 CABG Coronary Artery Bypass Graft CAD Coronary Artery Disease CAM Confusion Assessment Method CAS Carotid Artery Stenting CAUTI Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection CBC Complete Blood Count

Abbreviations

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CBD Common Bile Duct CCB Calcium Channel Blocker CDC-XM Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity Crossmatch CDH Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia CDI Clostridium difcile Infection CEA1 Carcinoembryonic Antigen CEA2 Carotid Endarterectomy CFTR Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Receptor CFU Colony Forming Unit CHA Common Hepatic Artery CHA2DS2-VASc Congestive Heart Failure, Hypertension, Age

(>/= 75 Years), Diabetes Mellitus, [Prior] Stroke,

Vascular Disease, Age (65–74Years), Sex CHD Common Hepatic Duct CIWA-AR Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment Alcohol

Revised CKD Chronic Kidney Disease CL Chloride CLABSI Central Line-Associated Blood Stream Infection CLND Complete Lymph Node Dissection CMN Congenital Melanocytic Nevi CMV Cytomegalovirus CN Cranial Nerve CNB Core Needle Biopsy CNI Calcineurin Inhibitors CNS Central Nervous System CO Carbon Monoxide CO2 Carbon Dioxide COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease CPAP Continuous Positive Airway Pressure CPP Cerebral Perfusion Pressure CPR Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation CR Creatinine CRC Colorectal Cancer CrCl Creatinine Clearance CROP Compliance, Respiratory rate, Oxygenation, Pressure CRP C-Reactive Protein CRRT Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy CRT Chemoradiotherapy CSF Cerebrospinal Fluid CSI Cervical Spine Imaging CT Computed Tomography CTA Computed Tomography Angiography CTLA-4 Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated protein CTM Cricothyroid Membrane CVC Central Venous Catheter CVP Central Venous Pressure CVVH Continuous Veno-Venous Hemoltration

CXR Chest X-Ray CYP Cytochrome P450 D Dextrose D/C Discontinue DAI Diffuse Axonal Injury DBD Donation after Brain Death DCD Donation after Cardiac Death DCDD Donation after Circulatory Determination of Death DCD-NRP Donation after Circulatory Determination of Death

with Normothermic Regional Perfusion DCIS Ductal Carcinoma In Situ DDAVP Desmopressin DDLT Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation DES Drug Eluting Stent DIC Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation DIEP Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator ap DLCO Diffusing Capacity for Carbon Monoxide DM Diabetes Mellitus DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNase Deoxyribonuclease DNR Do Not Resuscitate DPA Diagnostic Peritoneal Aspiration DPL Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage DVT Deep Vein Thrombosis EAST Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma EBRT External Beam Radiation Therapy EBUS Endobronchial Ultrasound EBV Epstein–Barr Virus ECA External Carotid Artery ECF Enterocutaneous Fistula ECG Electrocardiogram ECL Enterochromafn-like ECMO Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ECT Ecarin Clotting Time ED Emergency Department EEG Electroencephalogram EF Ejection Fraction EFAST Extended Focused Assessment with Sonography in

Trauma EFS Edmonton Frail Scale EGD Esophagogastroduodenoscopy EGF Epidermal Growth Factor EGFR Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor EGJ Esophagogastric Junction EI End Ileostomy EKG Electrocardiogram ELISA Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay EMR Endoscopic Mucosal Resection

Abbreviations

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EPTS Estimated Post-Transplant Survival ER Estrogen Receptor ERAS Enhanced Recovery After Surgery ERCP Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography ERT Emergent Resuscitative Thoracotomy ESD Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection ESR Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate ESRD End-Stage Renal Disease EtCO2 End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide ETT Endotracheal Tube EUS Endoscopic Ultrasound EVNMP Ex Vivo Normothermic Machine Perfusion EVNP Ex Vivo Normothermic Perfusion EWL Excess Weight Loss F French FAP Familial Adenomatous Polyposis FAST Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma FDA Food and Drug Administration FENa Fractional Excretion of Sodium FEV1 Forced expiratory volume FFP Fresh Frozen Plasma FGFR Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor FHR Fetal Heart Rate FISH Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FIT Fecal Immunochemical Test FLT3 Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3 FLUS Follicular Lesion of Undetermined Signicance FNA Fine Needle Aspiration FRC Functional Residual Capacity FSH Follicle-Stimulating Hormone FTSG Full-Thickness Skin Graft GA General Anesthesia GAP Gluteal Artery Perforator GCS Glasgow Coma Scale GDA Gastroduodenal Artery GEC Gene Expression Classier GEJ or GE Junction Gastroesophageal Junction GERD Gastroesophageal Reux Disease GFR Glomerular Filtration Rate GGT Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase GI Gastrointestinal GIST Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor GLP-2 Glucagon-Like Peptide 2 GSV Great Saphenous Vein GSW Gunshot Wound H Hydrogen H inuenza Haemophilus inuenzae HBD Hepatobiliary Disease

xxii

HCC Hepatocellular Carcinoma HCO3- Bicarbonate HCV Hepatitis C Virus HER Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor HFNC High-Flow Nasal Cannula HFOV High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation HIPEC Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy HIV Human Immunodeciency Virus HLA Human Leukocyte Antigen HM Heller Myotomy HNPCC Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer HOB Head of Bed HPA Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (Axis) HPB Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary HPT Hyperparathyroidism HPV Human Papilloma Virus HSIL High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion HSV Herpes Simplex Virus HTK Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate HTN Hypertension HU Hounseld Units HV Hepatic Vein Hz Hertz IAH Intra-abdominal Hypertension IAI Intra-abdominal Injury IAP Intra-abdominal Pressure IBC Inammatory Breast Cancer IBD Inammatory Bowel Disease IBIS-II International Breast Cancer Intervention Study IBS Irritable Bowel Syndrome IC Intercostal Artery ICA Internal Carotid Artery ICP Intracranial Pressure ICU Intensive Care Unit I:E Ratio Inspiratory:Expiratory Ratio IFN Interferon IgG Immunoglobulin G IJV Internal Jugular Vein IL Interleukin IM Intramuscular IMA Inferior Mesenteric Artery IMPDH Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase IMV Inferior Mesenteric Vein INR International Normalized Ratio IO Intraosseous IOC Intraoperative Cholangiogram IONM Intraoperative Neuromonitoring IORT Intraoperative Radiation Therapy

Abbreviations

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