Грамматика английского языка. Учебно-методическое пособие-1

Unit 2.DEGREES OF COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES

Irregular adjectives and quantifiers

I. Write the comparative and superlative forms of the following adjectives.

long, delicious, popular, close, hard, early, peaceful, satisfactory, efficiently, big, fast, slow, soft, difficult, much, safe, important, tasty, comfortable, weak, tall, responsible, noisy, expensive, sweet, far, bitter, convenient, little, hot, dangerous, cheap, healthy, large, enjoyable, careful, many, beautiful, quiet, happy, polite, gentle, friendly, serious, proud, quick, fluent, careless, loud,warm,wonderful,angry,cheerful,cold,luxury,pretty,funny,exciting,high,elegant,late, energetic, uncomfortable, good, light, bad, young, adventurous, cosy, bright, fresh

II. Put the adjectives in brackets into the comparative and superlative forms.

1.Our flat should be (warm) than it is, because it has (strong) insulation in the house.

2.Carpentry techniques have become (advanced) over the years.

3.The new column design, made by our new contractor, is (successful) decision of the whole construction project.

4.The girder we used this time is (light) than the previous model.

5.To ensure safety and avoid (far) risks, we need to use (durable) materials and (good) techniques.

6.We would excavate the site (efficient) if we had (expensive) equipment.

7.The foreman is (experienced) than any of the other workers on the site.

8.A solid foundation in this area is (critical) for stability of the future building than anywhere in the world.

9.The glazier worked (quickly) than he did last week, so the construction foreman didn’t give him any bonuses.

10.The new framework is (beautiful) than the earlier version we used, but we choose it to save money for (important) things.

11

III. Complete the sentences using more or less.

1.The brickmason is __________ skilled than any other worker on the site, as he has 10 years of work experience.

2.Modern masonry techniques are__________efficient than traditional methods.

3.The painter had completed the job__________quickly than expected, so he went home earlier.

4.The construction laborer was awarded yesterday, so he is working __________ passionately than his colleagues today.

5.It is__________convenient to lay pipes now with the new tools we have.

6. The plaster used this time was recommended by a really qualified master, that’s why it is__________reliable than what we had before.

7.The plumber’s work was __________ precise than that of the previous contractor, so we face the great problems.

8.This project is enormously difficult and will require __________ expensive timber and iron than we initially planned.

9.Thenewroofdesignwas__________durablethantheoldone,sotheforemanapproveditwithout any doubt.

10.The new framework is designed to be __________ resistant than the previous one to better support the foundation that the glazier will work around.

IV. Choose the right variant.

1.The building service engineer is__________professional on our team.

a)less knowledgeable;

b)the most knowledgeable;

c)very knowledgeable.

2.The serviceability of the new system is__________than that of the old one.

a)better;

b)the better;

c)the most better.

3.This functional design is__________than the previous version.

a)the appealest;

b)appealer;

c)more appealing.

4.The structural member we used this time is__________than the last one.

a)stronger;

b)the strongest;

c)the more strongest.

5.The surveyor provided__________measurements we’ve ever had.

a)the accuratest;

b)the very accurate;

c)the most accurate.

6.The quantity surveyor’s estimates are__________than those of competitors.

a)more reliable;

b)the most reliable;

c)very reliable.

7.The construction trade worker is__________worker on the site.

a)the hardest;

b)the least hardest;

c)harder.

8.The ironworker completed the task__________than anyone else.

a)quicker;

12

b)the quickest;

c)more quickly.

9.To hang wallpaper correctly, you need to be__________than ever before.

a)more precise;

b)the priciest;

c)the very precise.

10.The paperhangers are__________in the business when it comes to intricate designs.

a)very good;

b)more good;

c)the best.

V. Put the adjectives in brackets into the comparative and superlative forms.

1.Unfortunately, the interaction between the team members has become __________ (positive) since the new manager arrived.

2.The latest improvement in technology is __________(significant) advancement in our field this year.

3.This amazing strategy will have a __________(great) influence on our results than the previous one.

4.Our current approach is __________ (effective) than the one we used last year, so we will choose it next year too.

5.The __________ (serious) consequence of ignoring these issues can be devastating for all the citizens.

6.We should give______________(careful) consideration to all possible solutions.

7.We need to get feedback from our clients ______________(effectively) to improve the interaction.

8.It is crucial to handle wastes ________________(responsibly) in order to protect the environment.

9.The new energy conservation measures are__________(efficient) than the old ones.

10.The energy load for this building is __________(high) than we initially calculated, so its future inhabitants will have to pay__________(big) bills.

VI. Put the adjectives in brackets into the comparative and superlative forms according to examples in the box.

as + adjective + as

This framework is as stable as the one we used in the previous project. less + adjective + than

The steel beams in this structure are less flexible than the other one we saw. more + adjective + than

The insulation material is more efficient than the type we used in the previous design. the least + adjective + of/in

The design we created last year was the least innovative of all we have created so far. the most + adjective + of/in

This proposal is the most innovative in the entire project. comparative + and + comparative

The construction of skyscrapers is getting faster and faster as we use the latest technologies. the comparative…, the comparative…

The stronger these construction materials, the safer the building will be.

13

1.This house is__________(expensive) of all we have lived in.

2.The design of your new house is__________(innovative) than the old one.

3.The area they live in now is__________(peaceful) place than they have lived in so far.

4.The construction process is getting__________(hard and hard) as the delivery of materials is delayed.

5.This concrete structure is__________(stable) the one we used in the previous project.

6.This type of the foundation is__________(durable) than we used two years ago.

7.The rooms of my house__________(spacious) than the rooms I had in my previous house.

8.The neighbours in this area__________(friendly) of all I have ever had.

9.The foundation design is__________(stable) of all the options they considered.

10.There is the subway near my house, its __________ (convenient) than before because I don’t want to drive my car.

14

Unit 3.CLASSIFICATION OF ADVERBS

I. Fill in the gaps with the adverbs from the box.

quickly, really, carefully, often, usually, fortunately, very, always, almost, easily, rarely, well, significantly, obviously, tightly, frequently, slowly, effectively

1.The landscaping project was completed ______________to ensure a high-quality finish.

2.The occupant of the apartment ______________makes noise during the night.

3.We need to act ______________to prevent further damage to the structure.

4.______________, we find various solutions to environmental issues.

5.This new technique will ______________improve our efficiency.

6.Understanding thepropertiesof aproduct is______________crucial for sustainable development.

7.The quality of the materials ______________determines the strength of the structure.

8.The rebar is ______________placed within the concrete for added support.

9.The binder is ______________mixed with the aggregate to create a strong paste.

10.A cinder block wall is ______________stronger than a clay brick wall.

II. Complete the following sentences.

1.The moulding was installed (тихо) to avoid disturbing the residents.

2.The (редко) seen occurrence of bubbles in the concrete slabs indicates a problem during mixing.

3.Our main purpose for the meeting (сегодня) is to discuss the solid foundation of our project.

4.Theprocessoflayingfloorboardswillbegin(завтра)toensureeverythingisreadyfortheguests.

5.The reinforcement in the structure is made from rock that is strong (достаточно) to withstand heavy loads.

6.We found a source of clay (неподалеку), which will be useful for our pottery class.

7.This material has tensile strength that is (едва) sufficient for the intended application.

8.The surface of the cinder blocks should be (гладко) finished.

9.The construction team (медленно) poured the concrete to prevent air pockets from forming.

10.It is (всегда) important to check the occurrence of moisture in the building materials.

15

11.The working drawing for the project will be ready(скоро), allowing us tobegin construction on the flat roof.

12.Theelevationofthebuildingis(обычно)designedtoensureproperdrainagefortheslopingroof.

13.The inclusion of additional anchorage of reinforcement is (старательно) created to prevent any risk of collapse.

14.The finishing materials should be installed (сейчас) to meet the project deadline.

15.The support beams are placedfar (сверху) the main structure to allow for adequate ventilation in the attic space.

III. Put the adverbs from the sentences below into the correct box.

1.The landscaping crew worked quickly to finish the project on time.

2.The occupant usually takes out the trash on Wednesdays.

3.We should carefully inspect the building for any signs of damage.

4.We often find better solutions when we collaborate.

5.The new policy will significantly improve our response time.

6.The moisture in the soil is always a concern during dry seasons.

7.We will discuss the life cycle of construction materials here.

8.The aggregate is tightly packed to ensure stability.

9.The rebar is placed effectively to reinforce the concrete.

10.The binder easily mixes with the aggregate for a smooth consistency.

11.The cinder block wall is very strong and durable.

12.Clay bricks are frequently used in traditional construction.

13.The flexible nature of the material allows for well handling.

14.The dry-stone wall has held up amazingly against harsh weather conditions.

15.The lumber was cut carefully into planks for the project.

IV. Choose the right adverb.

1.The plinth is designed towithstand theharsh weather conditions typicalhere/however/very/thus.

2.The support beam will seldom/tonight/really/yesterday need replacement if it is built ac -

cording to the correct specifications.

3.Unfortunately/ever/yet/carefully, the cross section ofthe building revealed flaws inthe substructure that needed immediate attention.

4.The staircase is located today/inside/rarely/hardly the building, providing easy access

to each storey.

5.The scale of the project is very/fast/obviously/moreover larger than we initially anticipated, requiring more resources.

6.Sometimes/partly/enough/upstairs, the finishing materials can be found outside the main

construction area, waiting to be used.

7.The specific design of the superstructure allows it to transfer a load now/often/everywhere/ effectively across all support beams.

8.The architect will happily/therefore/quite/absolutely discuss the details of the project with

the clients once they provide their feedback.

9.Extremely/totally/perhaps/soon we should consider adding another support beam to improve the overall stability of the structure.

10.Actually/before/suddenly/always it is important to finish the work on the plinth before

moving on to the rest of the construction.

16

V. Read the text, write out adjectives and put them into the comparative and superlative forms.

Future trends in landscape architecture

Astechnologycontinuestoadvance,thefutureoflandscapearchitecturewilllikelyseeevenmore sophisticatedapplications.Integratingaugmentedreality(AR)andvirtualreality(VR)intolandscape designcanrevolutionizeclientpresentations.ARcanprovideimmersiveexperiences,allowingstakeholders to walk through proposed designs before any physical changes are made. Such interactions foster a deeper understanding of how modern enhancements can coexist with historical elements. Moreover, sustainability is becoming an increasingly important focus within landscape architecture.

Implementing smart technology to manage resource usage aligns perfectly with the preservation objectives vital to historic landscapes. By reducing water and energy consumption through intelligent design choices, landscape architects can contribute to a more sustainable future while enhancing­ the charm and vitality of historic sites. Over the next decade, we can expect these trends to shape how we approach and treat historic landscapes, blending advanced technology with deep respect for history.

The harmonious integration of modern tools will enable landscape architects to create spaces that serve contemporary needs while keeping thelegacies of the past alive. Using technology, it’s possible toenhancethelandscapessurroundinghistoricbuildingscreativelyandthoughtfully.Byexploringall available tools and embracing new trends, architects and designers can ensure that.

17

Interrogative (вопросительные) words:

1.What? — Кто? Какой (what + существительные)?

2.When? — Когда?

3.Where? — Где? Куда?

4.Why? — Почему?

5.Whose? — Чей?

6.Which? — Который?

7.How? — Как?

8.How much (many)? — Сколько?

I. Ask special questions to the following sentences (the verb — in Simple tenses).

1.His father works on the construction site as a foreman.

2.Buildings of many cities will serve in future for dwelling.

3.In many cases bricks are very satisfactory for use in the construction.

4.Types of buildings depend on social functions in the society.

5.Some building materials offer a good resistance to compressive loads.

6.Wood was the main building material hundred years ago.

7.Industrial building often present special problems which the designers find most difficult to solve.

8.Floorpanelheatingwesooftenfindinone-storyandbasementlessstructureswasofgreatcomfort.

9.People began to build large-scale water projects only in the XVII century.

10.Highly industrialized countries have the problems concerning the rapid rate of water contami­

nation.

II. What special questions are wrong? Correct them.

1.Where did the accident occurred on the farm?

2.What events does the experts with the term “accident” describe?

3.Why is you so upset?

4.How long do it take you to get to work?

5.What is lime, cement most widely applied for?

6.Where are reinforced concrete structures use?

7.What do a heating system contain?

18

8.How does residential houses presents special problems to the designers?

9.Why do air conditioning implies the control of temperature?

10.How did at the present the problems of water supply and treatment influenced on the life of people?

III. Ask questions to the highlighted words.

1.Thetaskof anarchitectisto make plans whereasacivilengineermusterectaccordingtothose plans.

2.Before a town is designed it’s necessary to find out about the environment.

3.The lower cranes are employed for lifting materials.

4.Heating and ventilation deal with supply and removal of air.

5.There are many sources of energy used in construction, including natural gas.

6.People began to build large-scale water projects only in the XVII century.

7.In many countries of Asia, Africa the methods of water supply are very primitive.

8.In developed countries the building industry employs skilled workers, engineers, architects,

managerial staff and designers.

9.Methods of constructing earthquake-proof structures are of great importance in our century.

10.In the near future most of the electrical supply will come from nuclear sources.

11.There are various types of dams, depending on the materials used and the methods of construction.

IV. Make up special questions.

1.Where, Mr. Brown, to work?

2.When, the manager, to have time for a short rest?

3.What, this word, to mean?

4.What, his son, to want to be?

5.Why, the most important building material, to be, concrete?

6.Industrial fields, in what, plastics, to be used?

7.Why, industrial buildings, a lower air temperature, maintain, do?

8.What material, the main source, a hundred years ago, to be?

9.When, wood and coal, to be, the main energy source?

10.Why, to use, harmful, fossil fuels, to be?

11.Where, take place, nuclear reaction?

12.What, can, in the contemporary city, specific forms, be found?

13.Why, its necessary, before a town, to find out, to be designed, about the environment?

14.When to include, progressive methods, of planning, scientific forecast?

15.Where, architects, employ, civil engineers, of the available labour force, skilled workers, considerable proportion?

16.Why, to demonstrate, reinforced concrete arches, the advantages, modern buildings, metal frames?

17.What, to depend on, types of buildings?

18.Why, to be considered, urgent building materials, concrete, steel?

19.What, other kinds of bricks, to be used in construction?

20.How, introduces into concrete, to change, its properties?

V. Ask questions with special words in brackets.

1.Housing has grown into a major issue in many countries. (Where?)

2.Thisbranchofengineeringhasgraduallycometobeassociatedwithcleaningofair.(Withwhat?)

3.Water treatment is very actual today. (When?)

4.The day before yesterday he told me that he wouldn’t have come home by seven on Sunday. (Why?)

5.The scientist will have achieved great results inthe space experiments by theyear 2050. (When?)

6.The lecture hasn’t begun yet and the students are talking in the corridor. (Where and why?)

19

7.The students have been translating the text for 2 hours. (How long?)

8.He is talking to the gardener outside the door, when his cleaner arrives. (Where?)

9.Kate was doing the report on building materials at that time. (When?)

10.We are planning the redecoration of the house. (What?)

VI. Translate the sentences with special questions.

1.Когда эта работа будет сделана?

2.Где напечатана эта статья?

3.Почему задания получили не все студенты?

4.Для чего используется цемент?

5.Почему бетон — самый важный строительный материал?

6.В каких промышленных областях используется пластик?

7.Как сталь меняет свои свойства?

8.Почему промышленные здания сохраняют нужный температурный режим?

9.Как работает гидроэлектростанция?

10.Почему существующие энергетические источники дорогие?

VII. Put the special questions to the following text.

How architecture influences mental well-being

Have you ever walked into a beautifully designed room and felt instantly at ease? Or entered a cluttered, dimly lit space and felt your energy drain? Architecture has a profound impact on our mental and emotional well-being, shaping how we feel, think, and interact with our surroundings.

The role of light and space. Natural light is a critical factor in architectural design. Sunlight boosts mood, increases productivity, and regulates sleep patterns. Large windows, skylights, and open layouts create spaces that feel expansive and inviting. Similarly, high ceilings and uncluttered designs give a sense of freedom and calm.

Colors and materials matter. Colors have a psychological impact. Soft, neutral tones like blues and greens evoke tranquility, while vibrant colors like yellow can energize a space. Materials like wood and stone add warmth and connect us to nature, promoting relaxation and comfort.

Biophilic design for mental health. Incorporating natural elements into architecture, known as biophilic design, is proven to reduce stress and enhance creativity. Features like indoor gardens, water features, and natural textures provide a calming effect, mimicking the serenity of the outdoors.

Examples of architecture for mental well-being:

1.The Maggie’s centres. These cancer support centers feature soothing designs with natural light, greenery, and open spaces to create a healing environment.

2.Calm office spaces. Modern workplaces now include quiet zones, meditation rooms, and ergonomic designs to support mental health.

Architectureismorethanbuildingstructures;it’saboutcraftingexperiences.Byprioritizingmental well-being in design, architects can create spaces that inspire, heal, and nurture the human spirit.

VIII. Put the questioned word in the following sentences.

1.… dictionary is it? — I think Tom’s.

2.… is Jack? — He’s is an architect.

3.… is your birthday? — It’s on the 11th of September.

4.… is your Granny? — Not bad, thanks.

5.… is that new clerk here? — He is very friendly.

6.… mistakes did you make in the dictation? — Just two.

7.… does she want to be an architect? — She wants to design unusual buildings.

8.… will they plan to have a rest in summer? — I suppose, in Greece.

9.… is he going to return from business trip? — I think, in two weeks.

10.… does it cost? — It’s too expensive.

20