Теоретические и технологические основы социально-культурной деятельности. Учебное пособие

ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, «ɧɚɥɚɠɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɦɨɫɬɵ» ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɜɨɪɰɚɦɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ.

ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɜɵɲɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɧɟɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɱɥɟɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɋɥɨɠɢɜɲɚɹɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɠɟɫɬɤɢɣ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯ ɥɢɰ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ. Ɍɚɤɭɸ ɠɟ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɢ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɜ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɚɠɧɨ «ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɬɨɜɚɪ ɥɢɰɨɦ» ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɚɯ, ɮɟɫɬɢɜɚɥɹɯ, ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ, ɜɵɫɬɚɜɤɚɯ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɧɭɬɵɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɭɦɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦɢ.

Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɜ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɨɝɨ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɰɟɧɟ, ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɫɤɥɨɧɧɚ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɦ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ «ɞɥɹ ɫɟɛɹ», ɞɥɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɭɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɟɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɤɪɭɝɭ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɪɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɠɟɥɚɸɳɢɯ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤɢɦ-ɥɢɛɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ, ɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɜ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.

ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɚɦɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ, ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɜ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚɦɢ, ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ

ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ

11

ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɤɭɥɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɢ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɟɣ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɧɭɠɧɵ ɨɫɨɛɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɨɧɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɠɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ «ɬɜɨɪɰɨɜɞɢɥɟɬɚɧɬɨɜ» ɜɨɜɫɟ ɧɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ. ɉɪɨɫɬɨ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɰɟɧɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɜ, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ. Ⱥ ɷɬɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.

ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɤ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɢɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɵ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɵɜɚɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɬ.ɧ. «ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɫɟɤɬɨɪɚ» (ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ, ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ, ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.), ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ «ɛɭɮɟɪɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɨɣ» ɦɟɠɞɭ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ. ɇɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɩɪɨɫ ɧɚ ɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ

12

ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ.

ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ – ɨɬɪɵɜɚ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɨɬ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɣ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɧɟɞɨɨɰɟɧɤɨɣ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɹ ɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ, ɤ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɝɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɸ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨ-ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɨɞɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ.

ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɞɨɫɭɝɚ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɭɝɨɡɨɪɚ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɩɪɢɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɱɬɨ, ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɱɟɬɟ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɩɨɞɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ.

ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɨɫɨɛɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɞɟɝɭɦɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɰɢɭɦɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɚɬɨɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɟɞɨɨɰɟɧɤɨɣ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɤ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚ ɟɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ, ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ. ȼ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɹɜɧɵɣ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ

ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɠɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ

13

ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɬɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɦ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ, ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɚɥɶɬɪɭɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɥɢɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɸ ɧɟɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɦɚ ɢ ɷɝɨɢɡɦɚ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɰɢɭɦɟ.

ȿɳɟ ɨɞɧɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ – ɧɟɞɨɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ɪɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ. ɗɬɨ, ɤɚɤ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɜɵɲɟ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɤ ɧɟɫɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ. ɗɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɬ.ɧ. «ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ», ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɨɜ, ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜ ɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ, ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ.

Ʉɚɤ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɜɵɲɟ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɫɚɦɵɦɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢɧɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ: ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɞɨɫɭɝɨɜɵɯ, ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɶɧɨ-ɡɪɟɥɢɳɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɦɭɡɟɟɜ, ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ, ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɨɫɭɝɨɜɵɯ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɂ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ

14

ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɟɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ.

ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ

1.ȼ ɱɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ?

2.ɍɤɚɠɢɬɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɵ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.

3.ȼ ɱɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ?

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1.Ⱥɜɚɧɟɫɨɜɚ Ƚ.Ⱥ. Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɞɨɫɭɝɨɜɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. – Ɇ.: Ⱥɫɩɟɤɬ ɉɪɟɫɫ, 2006. – 236 ɫ.

2.Ⱥɧɭɮɪɢɟɜɚ ɇ.ɂ., Ɂɢɧɱɟɧɤɨ ȿ.Ɉ., Ʉɚɦɟɧɟɰ Ⱥ.ȼ., ɑɭɦɨɜɚɬɨɜ Ⱦ.ɘ.,

ɓɟɪɛɚɤɨɜɚ Ⱥ.ɂ. ɋɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɞɨɫɭɝɚ. – Ɇ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɊȽɋɍ, 2016. – 194 ɫ.

3.Ʉɚɦɟɧɟɰ Ⱥ.ȼ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ. –

Ɇ.: ɆȽɍɄɂ, 2005.- 190 ɫ.

4.Ʉɢɫɟɥɟɜɚ Ɍ.Ƚ., Ʉɪɚɫɢɥɶɧɢɤɨɜ ɘ.Ⱦ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ, ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ, ɫɮɟɪɵ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɵ, ɪɟɫɭɪɫɵ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ. Ɇ.: ɆȽɍɄɂ, 2001;

5.Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɞɨɫɭɝɨɜɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ / ɧɚɭɱ. ɪɟɞ. ɀɚɪɤɨɜ Ⱥ.Ⱦ.,

ɑɢɠɢɤɨɜ ȼ.Ɇ. – Ɇ.: ɆȽɍɄ, 1998. – 461 ɫ.

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6. əɪɨɲɟɧɤɨ ɇ.ɇ. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. – Ɇ.: ɆȽɍɄɂ, 2013. – 456 ɫ.

1.2. ɄɍɅɖɌɍɊɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɈɋɇɈȼɕ ɋɈɐɂȺɅɖɇɈ-ɄɍɅɖɌɍɊɇɈɃ ȾȿəɌȿɅɖɇɈɋɌɂ

Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢ. ɉɨɩɵɬɚɟɦɫɹ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɶ ɷɬɨɬ ɬɟɡɢɫ.

ȼɢɞɧɵɦɢ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɚɦɢ ɤ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ, ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ. ȼɚɠɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ, ɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɟ, ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ.

ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢ ɤɚɤ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɚ ɜɫɟɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɬɭɪɢɫɬɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ,

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ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɵ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɯ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨ-ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ.

Ɉɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɭɦɟ ɤɚɤ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɚ ɫɬɪɚɯɚ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɚɦɢ, ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮ, ɧɟɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɡɚɜɬɪɚɲɧɟɦ ɞɧɟ, ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɣ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɤɪɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ, ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɢɡɦ, ɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ, ɦɟɠɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɵ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ȼ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɱɟɬɟ, ɪɟɱɶ ɢɞɟɬ ɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɤ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɲɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ.

ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɮɟɪɚɯ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ: ɜ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɟ, ɜ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ, ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɦɟɠɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɜ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɢɧɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɢ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɵɣ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɣ ɨɛɥɢɤ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. Ɋɟɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɠɟɧɨ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤɚɤ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɛɴɟɤɬ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɩɨɤɚ ɟɳɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɪɚɡɦɵɬɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɟɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨɣ «ɜɫɟɹɞɧɨɫɬɢ», ɩɪɟɬɟɧɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɧɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ

ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɭɦɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɚɪɬɟɮɚɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ: ɠɢɥɢɳɚ, ɨɞɟɠɞɵ, ɨɛɵɱɚɟɜ,

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ɧɨɪɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɚɤɰɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɦɟɠɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɭ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɟ ɠɢɡɧɢ. ɗɬɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɥɸɛɜɢ, ɞɪɭɠɛɵ, ɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɢ, ɜɡɚɢɦɧɵɯ ɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɑɟɪɟɡ ɩɪɢɡɦɭ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɫɦɵɫɥɵ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɪɬɟɮɚɤɬɨɜ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ ɛɵɬɚ, ɞɨɫɭɝɚ ɢ ɩɪ., ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ («ɷɤɡɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ») ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ. Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɠɟ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɪɚɜɚɯ, ɨɛɵɱɚɹɯ, ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹɯ, ɪɢɬɭɚɥɚɯ, ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɟ, ɫɨɫɟɞɫɤɢɟ, ɞɪɭɠɟɫɤɢɟ, ɦɟɠɩɨɥɨɜɵɟ, ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɵɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ȼ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɷɬɨ – ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɱɭɜɫɬɜ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɠɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɨɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨ-ɛɵɬɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɪɹɞɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɟɫɬɜ, ɤɨɧɱɚɹ «ɤɥɭɛɚɦɢ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜ», ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɦɢ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦɢ, ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ. ɗɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ «ɲɤɨɥɨɣ» ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ.

Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ

18

ɫɮɟɪ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɗɬɨ

– ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ, ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ, ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ, ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɞɨɫɭɝɨɜɵɯ ɭɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.

Ʉɚɤ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɗɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɟ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɧɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɰɢɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɟ – ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɛɵɬɚ ɢ ɞɨɫɭɝɚ. ɋɚɦɢ ɠɟ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɢ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɞɨ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɬ.ɟ. ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɰɢɢ ɜ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɭɸ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ, ɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ ɥɸɞɟɣ.

Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ «ɜɫɬɪɟɱɭ» ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ (ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ) ɢ ɜɧɟɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ (ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɩɨɜɫɟɞɧɟɜɧɨɫɬɢ) ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ. ɗɬɨɬ ɨɩɵɬ, ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɟɫɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ (ɨɛɳɟɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɟ) ɢ ɜɧɟɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ (ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ) ɱɟɪɬɵ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɨɹɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.

ɗɬɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ, ɟɝɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɵ ɡɚɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɧɵ ɜɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɷɬɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɢ

ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ, ɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ

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ɷɬɢɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɢ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɟɬ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɵ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɭ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɦ ɷɬɧɨɫɚɦ, ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɹɦ.

Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɧɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɫɟɩɚɪɚɬɢɡɦɚ, ɚ ɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɜ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɛɵɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɢɢ. ȼ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɚɣɧɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɬɧɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ.

Ɉɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɹ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ «ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ» ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɢ ɷɬɧɨɫɨɜ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ. Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ ɟɝɨ ɠɢɡɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚɹ «ɩɚɫɫɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɫɬɶ» ɟɝɨ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ.

ɋɚɦɢ ɠɟ ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɧɚ ɩɭɬɹɯ ɫɚɦɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ, ɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɦɢ, ɷɬɧɨɫɚɦɢ, ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ. ɂɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨɝɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɦɟɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɜɥɢɹɧɢɣ, ɨɛɨɝɚɳɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɷɬɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɥɚɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɦɟɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɥɨɝ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ.

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