Теоретические и технологические основы социально-культурной деятельности. Учебное пособие

ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ «ɞɨɫɭɝɨɜɨɣ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ». ɗɬɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ «ɯɨɛɛɢ», ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɟɝɨ ɞɨɫɭɝɚ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɤ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɭɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɹɩɪɟɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ.

ɇɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɞɭɦɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɬɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɦ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɦ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɬɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦ. ɇɨ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ, ɧɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɜɫɟ ɠɟ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ. Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ.

Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɜ ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɬɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɬɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɢɧɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɰɢɸ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ.

ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ, ɧɨ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɨɧɢ ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ, ɬ.ɟ. ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɜɚɟɬ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɜɧɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɟɸ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ, ɱɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ, ɭɦɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ

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ɤɨɧɫɬɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɨɥɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɨɩɵɬ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɝɞɟ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɚ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɷɬɨɬ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ.

ȼɚɠɧɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɟɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɨɩɵɬɨɦ ɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɭɦɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɭɜɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɯ. ɗɬɨɬ ɨɩɵɬ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ.

ɇɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ. ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɪɟɱɶ ɢɞɟɬ ɨ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɦɨɰɢɹɯ, ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ. ɗɬɨ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɹ, ɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɢɫɚɥɨɫɶ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɠɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ: ɩɪɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ, ɜ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ. Ɋɟɱɶ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɞɟɬ ɨ «ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜ» ɤɚɤ ɨɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟ, ɫɭɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɨɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɸ, ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɢ ɡɚɛɨɬɟ ɨ ɥɸɞɹɯ, ɧɭɠɞɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ. Ɍɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɤ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɥɸɞɹɦ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɥɢɰ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ

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ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ, ɧɨ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɱɥɟɧ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɛɟɫɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɢ.

ɇɟɥɶɡɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɧɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɬɪɵɣ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬ ɫɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɤɪɢɡɢɫɚ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɰɢɭɦɟ. Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ ɜɵɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ – ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɋɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɟɜɚɥɶɜɚɰɢɢ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɚɥɶɬɪɭɢɡɦɚ, ɥɸɛɜɢ ɤ ɛɥɢɠɧɟɦɭ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɭɠɟɧɢɹ. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɧɨ ɢ ɭ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɮɟɪɵ.

ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɬɟɪɟ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨ-ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɨɬɤɚɡɨɦ ɨɬ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɢɹ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɷɩɨɯɢ. ɉɪɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɚɯ ɢ ɩɨɪɨɤɚɯ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɥɨɡɭɧɝɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɷɩɨɯɢ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɩɨ-ɩɪɟɠɧɟɦɭ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, «ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ – ɞɪɭɝ, ɬɨɜɚɪɢɳ ɢ ɛɪɚɬ»; «ɨɬ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɹɦ – ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɩɨ ɬɪɭɞɭ» (ɜ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟ ɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ – «ɩɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦ»); «ɤɬɨ ɧɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ, ɬɨɬ ɧɟ ɟɫɬ» ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ, ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɧɚɫɢɥɢɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ.

Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɷɬɭ ɧɨɪɦɭ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɸɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɦɢɪɨɜɵɟ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɢ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɜɨɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɟɪɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɯ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚ ɩɭɬɹɯ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɷɬɭ ɩɨɬɟɪɸ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɵɟ ɭɛɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɦ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɦ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɢɧɬɢɦɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɯɜɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɟɫɶ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɬ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɱɥɟɧ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ.

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ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɭɸ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ.

ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ

1.Ʉɚɤɨɜɵ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɱɟɪɬɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ?

2.ɍɤɚɠɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.

3.ȼ ɱɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɪɨɥɶ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨ-ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɞɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟɧɢɹ?

Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

1.Ȼɚɤɥɚɧɨɜɚ Ɍ.ɇ. ɉɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɚ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ: ɭɱɟɛ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. – Ɇ.: ɆȽɂɄ, 1992. – 100 ɫ.

2.Ȼɪɟɯɬ Ȼ. Ɉ ɬɟɚɬɪɟ. – Ɇ.: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɢɧ. ɥɢɬ-ɪɵ, 1960. – 363 ɫ.

3.Ƚɪɢɝɨɪɶɟɜɚ ȿ.ɂ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ: ɭɱɟɛ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. – Ɍɚɦɛɨɜ: ɂɡɞ-ɜɨ ɌȽɍ, 2002.

4.ɂɫɚɟɜɚ ɂ.ɘ. Ⱦɨɫɭɝɨɜɚɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɚ: ɭɱɟɛ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. – Ɇ.: Ɏɥɢɧɬɚ,

ɇɈɍ ȼɉɈ «Ɇɉɋɂ», 2010. – 200 ɫ.

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ɊȺɁȾȿɅ 2. ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɈɋɇɈȼɕ ɋɈɐɂȺɅɖɇɈɄɍɅɖɌɍɊɇɈɃ ȾȿəɌȿɅɖɇɈɋɌɂ

2.1. ɄɅɍȻɇɕȿ ɌȿɏɇɈɅɈȽɂɂ ɋɈɐɂȺɅɖɇɈ-ɄɍɅɖɌɍɊɇɈɃ ȾȿəɌȿɅɖɇɈɋɌɂ

Ʉɥɭɛɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɤɥɭɛɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɧɨ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɹ ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɥɭɛɧɨɟ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ. ȼ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɥɭɛɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɡɛɟɝɚɬɶ ɞɜɭɯ ɤɪɚɣɧɨɫɬɟɣ – ɫɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɤɥɭɛɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɥɭɛɧɨɣ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɤɪɟɚɰɢɨɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɬɟɚɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ ɢ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹɯ.

Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦ ɤɥɭɛɧɚɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ, ɷɬɨ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɠɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɟɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ. ɂ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚ ɤɥɭɛɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɭɝɚ ɤɚɤ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɢɧɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɣ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɦ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ.

ɗɬɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɚɯ. ɗɬɨ – ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɭɛɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɤɥɭɛɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ; ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɤɥɭɛɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɬɟɯ,

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ɤɬɨ ɩɪɨɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɜ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ; ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɤɥɭɛɨɜ ɜ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɥɢɰ, ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɧɨɦ ɜɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɢ ɩɪ.

ȼɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɤɥɭɛɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɠɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɫɨɛɨɝɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɚ, ɫɨɡɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ «ɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ» ɬɟɯ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɯ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɤɥɭɛɧɨɣ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ «ɫɚɥɨɧɧɨɝɨ» ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɨɦɚɧɟ Ʌ.ɇ. Ɍɨɥɫɬɨɝɨ «ȼɨɣɧɚ ɢ ɦɢɪ» ɧɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɫɚɥɨɧɚ Ⱥ.ɉ. ɒɟɪɟɪ: «ɜ ɡɚɩɢɫɨɱɤɚɯ, ɪɚɡɨɫɥɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɬɪɨɦ ɫ ɤɪɚɫɧɵɦ ɥɚɤɟɟɦ, ɛɵɥɨ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɛɟɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ: «ȿɫɥɢ ɭ ɜɚɫ, ɝɪɚɮ (ɢɥɢ ɤɧɹɡɶ), ɧɟɬ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɥɭɱɲɟɝɨ ɢ ɟɫɥɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɜɟɱɟɪɚ ɭ ɛɟɞɧɨɣ ɛɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɟ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɜɚɫ ɩɭɝɚɟɬ, ɬɨ ɹ ɛɭɞɭ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɪɚɞɚ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ȼɚɫ ɧɵɧɱɟ ɭ ɫɟɛɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɟɦɶɸ ɢ ɞɟɫɹɬɶɸ ɱɚɫɚɦɢ. Ⱥɧɧɚ ɒɟɪɟɪ».

Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɦ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɢ ɯɨɡɹɣɤɚ ɫɚɥɨɧɚ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɬɟɦ, ɤɬɨ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬ ɟɟ ɜɟɱɟɪ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɚɦɚ Ⱥ.ɉ. ɒɟɪɟɪ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɤɚɤ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɸ ɟɟ ɫɚɥɨɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɟɹɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɧɟɣ, ɧɭɠɞɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ ɫ ɝɨɫɬɹɦɢ.

Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ Ʌ.ɇ. Ɍɨɥɫɬɨɝɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɚɦɨɣ Ⱥ.ɉ. ɒɟɪɟɪ: «Ȼɵɬɶ ɷɧɬɭɡɢɚɫɬɤɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɚɥɨɫɶ ɟɺ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɢ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɟɣ ɞɚɠɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɯɨɬɟɥɨɫɶ, ɨɧɚ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɨɛɦɚɧɭɬɶ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɣ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɡɧɚɜɲɢɯ ɟɺ, ɞɟɥɚɥɚɫɶ ɷɧɬɭɡɢɚɫɬɤɨɣ. ɋɞɟɪɠɚɧɧɚɹ ɭɥɵɛɤɚ, ɢɝɪɚɜɲɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɥɢɰɟ Ⱥɧɧɵ ɉɚɜɥɨɜɧɵ, ɯɨɬɹ ɢ ɧɟ ɲɥɚ ɤ ɟɺ ɨɬɠɢɜɲɢɦ ɱɟɪɬɚɦ, ɜɵɪɚɠɚɥɚ, ɤɚɤ ɭ ɢɡɛɚɥɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɦɢɥɨɝɨ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ, ɨɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɧɚ ɧɟ ɯɨɱɟɬ, ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢ ɧɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɭɠɧɵɦ ɢɫɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ».

ȼɷɬɨɦ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ Ʌ.ɇ. Ɍɨɥɫɬɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣ ɢ ɷɧɬɭɡɢɚɡɦ ɯɨɡɹɣɤɢ ɫɚɥɨɧɚ. Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ

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ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɬɹ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ., ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɭ ɛɥɚɝɨɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ.

ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ: «Ʉɚɤ ɯɨɡɹɢɧ ɩɪɹɞɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɤɨɣ, ɩɨɫɚɞɢɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨ ɦɟɫɬɚɦ, ɩɪɨɯɚɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ, ɡɚɦɟɱɚɹ ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɩɪɢɜɵɱɧɵɣ, ɫɤɪɢɩɹɳɢɣ, ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɝɪɨɦɤɢɣ ɡɜɭɤ ɜɟɪɟɬɟɧɚ, ɬɨɪɨɩɥɢɜɨ ɢɞɺɬ, ɫɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɣ ɯɨɞ, – ɬɚɤ ɢ Ⱥɧɧɚ ɉɚɜɥɨɜɧɚ, ɩɪɨɯɚɠɢɜɚɹɫɶ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɝɨɫɬɢɧɨɣ, ɩɨɞɯɨɞɢɥɚ ɤ ɡɚɦɨɥɤɧɭɜɲɟɦɭ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɜɲɟɦɭ ɤɪɭɠɤɭ ɢ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɩɹɬɶ ɡɚɜɨɞɢɥɚ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɭɸ, ɩɪɢɥɢɱɧɭɸ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɧɭɸ ɦɚɲɢɧɭ».

Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɭɠɟ ɪɟɱɶ ɢɞɟɬ ɨ ɪɟɠɢɫɫɟɪɫɤɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɯ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ ɦɟɪɵ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ.

Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɢɡ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɥɚɜɵ ɪɨɦɚɧɚ:

«Ʉɚɤ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɣ ɦɟɬɪɞɨɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɞɚɺɬ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɱɬɨ ɫɜɟɪɯɴɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɨɟ ɬɨɬ ɤɭɫɨɤ ɝɨɜɹɞɢɧɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɟ ɡɚɯɨɱɟɬɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɭɜɢɞɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɝɪɹɡɧɨɣ ɤɭɯɧɟ, ɬɚɤ ɜ ɧɵɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɜɟɱɟɪ Ⱥɧɧɚ ɉɚɜɥɨɜɧɚ ɫɟɪɜɢɪɨɜɚɥɚ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɝɨɫɬɹɦ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜɢɤɨɧɬɚ, ɩɨɬɨɦ ɚɛɛɚɬɚ, ɤɚɤ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɫɜɟɪɯɴɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɭɬɨɧɱɟɧɧɨɟ».

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ «ɫɚɥɨɧɧɨɝɨ» ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɭɦɟɧɢɢ ɜɵɹɜɥɹɬɶ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɢɝɪɵɲɧɵɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɟɝɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɦ (ɪɚɫɩɨɪɹɞɢɬɟɥɟɦ) ɜɟɱɟɪɚ, ɱɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɫɬɶ.

Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɭɛɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ. ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ

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ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɫɬɢɯɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɰɢɭɦɟ:

–ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ

ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ;

–ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ;

–ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪ.;

–ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɡɧɚɱɢɦɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɪɨɬɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ, ɩɪɚɜɨɡɚɳɢɬɧɢɤɨɜ, ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɥɭɛɨɜ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.;

–ɚɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ

ɜɜɢɞɟ ɤɪɢɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ, ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɢɫɬɫɤɢɯ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.;

–ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɧɨɫɹɳɚɹ ɷɩɚɬɚɠɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɮɚɧɚɬɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ, ɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɧɵɟ ɫɭɛɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.

ɉɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɤɥɭɛɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɵɲɟɧɚɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɬɢɯɢɣɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.

Ɉɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɨ

ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɪɟɲɚɸɳɟɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ «ɠɢɡɧɟɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ» ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ,

ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɨɦ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɟ ɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɟɝɨ ɛɵɬɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɟ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ

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ɢɧɨɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ, ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ. ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ, ɜɵɪɚɠɚɹ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɡɡɪɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɢ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɜ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤɥɭɛɵ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɟɫɧɢ, ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɢɟ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ «ɛɚɪɞɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ» ɩɟɫɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɜɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɩɟɪɬɭɚɪ, ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.

Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɜ ɜ ɤɥɭɛɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɟ ɤɥɭɛɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɞ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɹɹ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢɞɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɥɭɛɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɚɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ, ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɚɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫ ɨɛɳɢɦɢ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹɦɢ, ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨ-ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɣ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɠɢɡɧɢ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɦɟɫɬɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɥɹ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɤ «ɞɟɪɟɜɟɧɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɫɢɞɟɥɤɚɦ», ɞɥɹ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɠɚɡɚ

– ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ; ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɞɢɫɤɨɬɟɤɢ – ɪɚɡɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢɝɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɟɠɩɨɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.

ɋɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɪɟɲɚɸɬ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɡɚɞɚɱɭ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɷɬɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɱɬɟɧɨ ɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚ (ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɚɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɫ ɜɵɞɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɩɨ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɟ, ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɳɟɣ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɪ.).

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ɋɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɬɟɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɦɢ ɟɟ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɚɦɨɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɤɥɭɛɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɧɢɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɡɞɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɢɝɪɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɩɪɨɜɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɫɢɬɭɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɝɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɨɜ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɡ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.

ɋɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɭɛɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ. ɗɬɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɜ ɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɭɱɚɫɬɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɚɯ, ɮɟɫɬɢɜɚɥɹɯ, ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɚɪɬɢɫɬɚɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ ɢ ɦɨɬɢɜɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɢɯ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɛɨɪ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɠɟɫɬɤɢɣ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬ ɭɱɟɛɧɨ-ɪɟɩɟɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ, ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬɧɵɯ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɨɜ ɤ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɸ ɜ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɤɥɭɛɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɨɣ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ.

ɋɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ. ɗɬɨɬ ɜɢɞ ɫɚɦɨɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ

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