Межкультурная коммуникация. Практикум для магистрантов

Married couples who love each other tell each other a thousand things without talking.

Chinese Proverb

Только в математике две половины составляют одно целое. В жизни со-

всем не так: например, полоумный муж и полоумная жена — несомненно, две половины, но в сложности они дают двух сумасшедших и никогда не составят одного полного умного.

В.О. Ключевский

Брак есть действительность любви. Любить истинно может только вполне созревшая душа, и в таком случае любовь видит в браке свою высочайшую награду и при блеске венца не блекнет, а пышнее распускает свой ароматный цвет, как при лучах солнца.

В.Г. Белинский

Задание 15. Прочитайте отрывки из интервью, описывающих посе-

щение свадьбы. Соедините имена дающих интервью и выводов, которые они делают о свадебных церемониях.

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KAREN: I went a fairly typical wedding recently… it was one of my cousins, who was marrying the chap she’d been engaged to for four years. They’d actually bought the house, they’d got the house full of their stuff and they’d been preparing for this white wedding. The whole family was there and it was a competition to see which side of the family could fill their aisles on the side of the church with more people. And then we went on to the reception, where the bride’s mother and father who are my cousin and her husband decided that it would be wonderful fun for everybody to put no one next to anybody that they knew, which consequently made for a very boring time with people shouting across the room.

MICHAEL: I guess the biggest wedding I ever went to was my cousin’s. She was married in Houston, this is about… six or seven years ago. And I’m afraid it was a typical American wedding of total over-the-top excess. The bride and groom arrived in these huge stretch white limos, all the bridesmaids were all dressed in this horrible shade of pink, but it was all very expensive because all the bridesmaids were dressed in silk. And the groom and his best man were wearing formal dress but one was red and the other was blue. And we all had to wear formal clothes but my family, my part of the family turned up in black. And the guy was a dentist, you know, a big Houston dentist: dentists in Houston are so rich, you can not believe how rich they are! The reception was in a big hotel in Houston and they had this really expensive rock band playing, I don’t know how much… they said they paid them something like two grand to play for the night, and they were terrible, they were awful. I remember the main thing… my main impression after a couple of hours of this reception was of my brother wearing. Formal dress, because I normally… I had never seen him in anything except jeans and a sweatshirt before, with a full beard and long flowing hair. I think the main impression of this wedding was conspicuous consumption. It rained … drink and snowed food for three hours. It was horrible!

ISHIA: I’ve just been to an extraordinary wedding reception at the Café Royal… which was a Turkish friend of mine and arriving in. the middle of London in

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Piccadilly Circus and walking into the Café Royal was a bit like arriving at Istanbul

Airport — full of people, full of children, full of bags and clothes, and I’ve never seen anything like in my life, it was absolutely extraordinary. Wonderful food, everybody dancing around like crazy, and then of course the wonderful moment where the groom and bride stand there and you have to pin money to them, which can be a bit embarrassing if you haven’t brought much with you.

TIM: I don’t think it really matters what kind of a ceremony you have to get married. I think the important part about is that it’s the day for the bride and groom and the extraordinary feeling is that everybody is there because of you and because they love you and that’s the most wonderful feeling and it’s a day which is unlike any other day in your life. I got married in a registry office with just my parents there and my wife’s parents and nobody else, because we didn’t want a ceremony, we just had a huge party afterwards, the biggest party I’ve ever thrown. And just the feeling of having all your friends there looking up with this kind of love coming up from them was… was a really, really joyous experience and something that kind of cemented the marriage. I don’t think you need a ceremony too much.

Выясните, был ли кто-то из студентов на свадьбе. Если да, то пусть он/она опишет церемонии, сопровождающие это событие.

SELF-STUDY

Задание 16. Составьте список из слов-реалий, связанных с рождением ребенка в англоязычной культуре. Составьте список из слов-реалий, связан-

ных с рождением ребенка в русскоязычной культуре. Сопоставьте эти два списка и выпишите в две колонки, совпадающие и несовпадающие реалии.

Задание 17. Составьте список из слов-реалий, связанных с проводами человека в последний путь в англоязычной культуре. Составьте список из

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слов-реалий, связанных с проводами человека в последний путь в русско-

язычной культуре. Сопоставьте эти два списка и выпишите в две колонки,

совпадающие и несовпадающие реалии.

Задание 18. Посмотрите серию американского сериала «Друзья» и се-

рию британского сериала «Дживс и Вустер». Каковы особенности британ-

ского и американского юмора?

Задание 19. Найдите слова, обозначающие те вещи, без которых не проходит прием пищи. Слова могут появиться в любом направлении.

Пример: SPOON. Необходимо найти 10 слов.

Задание 21. Три представленных человека имеют очень разные вку-

сы в еде и выражают свои предпочтения в точных терминах. Прочитайте их мнения, а затем выберите из меню отеля, какие блюда были съедены,

каким человеком, и в какое время суток во время их пребывания в отеле?

Составьте меню для жителя Канады, США, Австралии, Новой Зе-

ландии и России.

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ALINE SMYTHE: I am certainly not faddy, I would say that I am the most broad-minded of people in food as in everything else. It’s true that I am a vegetarian but then so are the majority of right-thinking people these days. Tinned or packaged food is anathema to me: I make everything myself from natural ingredients, even my own muesli. It is an established fact that one should not overload the stomach at midday — a bowl of soup and a piece of fresh fruit should suffice. I disagree with all those who argue that the taste-buds deteriorate as one grows older; here I am in my mid-forties and I still enjoy the dishes that many would consider bland. No! No hot, spicy dishes for me. And if I am hungry between meals? That’s easy; I always keep a packet of dried fruit in my pocket for such emergencies.

COL. F.R. CERRINTON: Well, I have no truck with all this health-food nonsense. I believe in the traditional values in all things, food included. If a man is to do a good day’s work he has to have a good, well-balanced, solid breakfast — the sort of English breakfast my grandfather had. Mt dinner is served promptly at 8 p.m. I detest unpunctuality as much as I detest fish, and, although I enjoy a substantial lunch at my club.

I find that my appetite ready for roast and a pudding. Can’t stand my food messed about, and don’t see the need for sauces if the ingredients are of tip-top quality.

RICHARD DALTON: As I spent a lot of my childhood on the Continent, I suspect I have retained many non-British eating habits. For example, the very idea of a British breakfast fills me with sheer horror. I feel that the Continental breakfast is somehow more aesthetically as well as gastronomically satisfying: the lovely combination of golden butter, and deeper gold, crusty roll, contrasts so elegantly with the deep, deep brown of the coffee. Delightful! In the middle of the day I indulge my taste for all things Italian, when I have time to eat, that is. While, in the evening, my ideal dinner would consist of seafood in its many forms; I actually believe my grandmother’s tales about fish being good for the brain. And I have a vice: I am not a “foodie” but I do have a sweet tooth, and am not ashamed to reveal it at dinner.

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Menu

BREAKFAST: Cornflakes. Porridge. Muesli.

Kipper. Kedgeree. Omelette, various egg dishes.

Bacon, egg, sausage, grilled tomato, fried bread.

Roll, butter, jam.

Fruit juice, tea, coffee, milk.

LUNCH: Gnocchi alla Romana. Thick vegetable soup with frankfurters. Lentil soup.

Fried fish and chips, peas. Cottage pie and choice of vegetables. Lamb chops, sprouts and creamed potatoes. Fruit (fresh, in season). Ice-cream. Rice pudding.

DINNER: Soup. Prawn cocktail. Pâté.

Roast beef, Yorkshire pudding, two vegetables in season.

Fillet of plaice, green peas, pommes frites, sauce tartare.

Macaroni cheese with green salad (choice of dressing).

Vegetable curry, Madras style, with plain boiled rice.

Apple pie. Lemon meringue pie. Fresh fruit salad and cream.

Aline Smythe

Col. F.R. Cerrinton

Richard Dalton

Задание 20. Оцените Россию по сравнению с другими странами, использовав следующие характеристики по шкале от одного до пяти.

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WRITING

Задание 21. Посмотрите британский или американский фильм, посвященный теме «Свадьба», и напишите эссе на тему: «Особенности свадебных обрядов в англоязычных странах (как они отражены в фильме). Объем эссе — 250 слов.

ROLE PLAY

Задание 22. Культура и коммуникация.

Работа в парах. Прочитайте листы с ролевыми играми (см. Role play 1, Role play 2).

Выполните ролевую игру № 1. Разберите ролевую игру. Выполните ролевую игру № 2. Разберите ролевую игру.

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Role Play 1

Jane (knocks on her neighbor’s open window): Excuse me, it is 11 o’clock already, and your high-pitched opera singing is really disturbing my sleep. Please stop your gargling noise immediately! I have an important job interview tomorrow, and I want to get a good night sleep. I really need this job to pay my rent!

Diane(resentfully): Well, this is the only time I can rehearse my opera! I’ve an important audition coming up tomorrow. You’re not the only one that is starving, you know. I also need to pay my rent. Stop being so self-centered!

Jane (frustrated): I really think you’re being very unreasonable. If you don’t stop your singing right now I’m going to file a complaint with the apartment manager and he could evict you.

Diane (sarcastically): Okay, be my guest. Do whatever you want. I’m going to sing as I please.

Role play 2

Mrs. A: Your daughter has started taking piano lessons, hasn’t she? I envy you, because you can be proud of her talent. You must be looking forward to her future as a pianist. I’m really impressed by her enthusiasm — every day, she practices so hard, for hours and hours, until late at night.

Mrs. B: Oh, no not at all. She is just a beginner. We don’t know her future yet. We hadn’t realized that you could hear her playing. I’m so sorry you have been disturbed by her noise.

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Debrief

Role play 1:

1.What are some observations you made about this scene?

2.What did you think about it?

3.Why do you think Diana reacted the way she did?

4.Why did you come to that conclusion?

5.What would you do in this situation?

Role play 2:

1.What are some observations you made about this scene?

2.What did you think about it?

3.Why do you think Mrs. B reacted the way she did?

4.Why did you come to this conclusion?

5.What would you do in this situation?

6.How would you feel if you were in this situation?

General debrief:

1.What would happen if Jane from role play 1 confronted Ms. B in role play 2?

2.How do you think Mrs. B would react?

3.How do you think Jane would react?

4.What might be some long term affects their communication?

5.How would you feel if you were Mrs. B?

6.What knowledge can be gained from looking watching these role plays?

Comparison Verbal Style Preferences:

1.Why did you find those particular behaviors irritating?

2.Where did you acquire your own verbal habits or rituals?

3.What personal values influence your verbal styles?

4.What cultural values influence your verbal styles?

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Comparison of Verbal Style Preferences

Do you find any of the following behaviors irritating or frustrating when you encounter them during interactions with other individuals? Please indicate “Yes” or “No” after each question.

Not answering questions directly: __________

Talking bluntly: __________

Insist on calling you Ms. or Mr: __________

Making a request directly: __________

Using lots of silence in conversation: __________

Talking about themselves constantly: __________

Speaking slowly: __________

Speaking really fast: __________

Asking personal questions: __________

Speaking softly: __________

Speaking loudly: __________

Constantly apologizing __________

Обратитесь к Приложению 1, пройдите тест на проверку ваших знаний в области межкультурной коммуникации. Сравните ваши результаты вначале прохождения курса и в конце.

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