Межкультурная коммуникация. Практикум для магистрантов

Сопоставьте ассоциации, отраженные при помощи цветов в обеих лингво-

культурах. Проведите анализ и поделитесь результатами о коннотативной нагрузке англоязычных и русскоязычных цветов.

1.Black comedy — ______________________________________________.

2.Black eye — __________________________________________________.

3.Black look — _________________________________________________.

4.Black market — _______________________________________________.

5.Blackout — ___________________________________________________.

6.In black and white — ___________________________________________.

7.Once in a blue moon — _________________________________________.

8.Out of the blue — ______________________________________________.

9.Blue-collar — _________________________________________________.

10.Green hand — ________________________________________________.

11.Green with envy — ____________________________________________.

12.Give the green light — __________________________________________.

13.In the red — __________________________________________________.

14.Red-handed — ________________________________________________.

15.See red — ____________________________________________________.

16.Red carpet — _________________________________________________.

17.Red tape — ___________________________________________________.

18.White-collar — _______________________________________________.

19.White elephant — _____________________________________________.

20.White lie — ___________________________________________________.

21.White wedding — _____________________________________________.

1.Белая ворона — _______________________________________________.

2.Шито белыми нитками — _______________________________________.

3.Белый и пушистый — __________________________________________.

4.Белая кость — _________________________________________________.

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5.Довести до белого каления — ___________________________________.

6.Голубая кровь — ______________________________________________.

7.Голубая мечта — ______________________________________________.

8.На блюдечке с голубой каемочкой — _____________________________.

9.Синий чулок — _______________________________________________.

10.Синяя птица — ______________________________________________.

11.Гори все синим пламенем — ___________________________________.

12.Тоска зеленая — _____________________________________________.

13.Зеленый змий — _____________________________________________.

14.Красная строка — ____________________________________________.

15.Красная тряпка на быка — _____________________________________.

16.Красное словцо — ____________________________________________.

17.Красной нитью — ____________________________________________.

18.Черная зависть — _____________________________________________.

19.Черная неблагодарность — _____________________________________.

20.Черная кошка в темноте — _____________________________________.

21.Черный рынок — _____________________________________________.

Задание 5. Определите, какое значение скрывается за каждой пред-

ставленной ономастической реалией и переведите их на русский язык. Ка-

ковы способы передачи англоязычных реалий на русский язык?

Bigfoot, Fritos, Time, Dine, Burning Man, Broadway, country music, bluecoats, Wrangler, Red velvet cake, Buffalo wings, BLT, crush, tooth fairy, Underground Atlanta, the Golden Triangle, retractable leashes, cream cheese, chocolate peanut butter, Dear John, Utah Claw, double bills, drive-ins, spaghetti western, dust bunnies, lazy Susan.

Задание 6. Определите, какое значение скрывается за каждой пред-

ставленной ономастической реалией и переведите их на английский язык.

Каковы способы передачи русскоязычных реалий на английский язык?

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Красная площадь, Москва-река, Большой театр, «Улица 1905 года»,

Дворцовая площадь, Петр I, Иван Грозный, Вторая мировая война, Иван, Шура,

Петрович, Мария, Дед Мороз, домовой, Снегурочка, «Щелкунчик», «Капитан-

ская дочка», борщ, квас, пельмени.

Задание 7. Выясните языковые явления (омонимия, полисемия, несов-

падение внутренних форм и т.д.), которые отражены в следующих словах,

выражениях и которые могут стать причиной коммуникативных помех.

Accurate, anecdote, angina, artist, biscuit, cabin, caravan, Caucasian, chef, complexion, conductor, convoy, debris, designer, Dutchman, examine, figure, gas, intelligent, lunatic, mosquito, morale, novel, officer, principal, silicon, utilize, pink spiders, coffin nails.

Задание 8. Определите, какие физические характеристики и черты ха-

рактера человека отражают следующие инсектофоны (звукоподражательные названия насекомых) в русской и англоязычной культуре, если человека сравнивают с этим насекомым. Схожи ли коннотации для обоих языков?

bee/пчела, beetle/жук, bug/клоп, butterfly/бабочка, fly/муха, grasshopper/

кузнечик, mosquito, midge (midget), gnat/комар, drone/трутень, cricket, flea, scorpion, cockroach, wasp, стрекоза, букашка, гнус.

Задание 9. Найдите русские соответствия английским паремиям (по-

словицы, поговорки, фразеологизмы). Существует ли разница в передаче одной и той же идеи (непривлекательности, здоровья, смерти, подвижно-

сти, навязчивости, беспечности, высокомерия, жадности, любви и трудо-

любия) с помощью разных образов?

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Задание 10. Составьте ономасиологический портрет реалии в ан-

глийской и русской лингвокультурах на материале ономасиологического портрета bee/пчела, используя нижеприведенные паремии. Какие выяв-

ляются признаки, приписываемые пчеле в обоих лингвокультурах?

Bee

1.A bee in one’s bonnet.

2.As brisk as a bee.

3.Presidential bee (in one’s bonnet).

4.Follow (make/take) a bee-line.

5.Honey is sweet, but the bee stings.

6.Bee in one’s knees.

7.A busy bee.

8.Where bees are, there is honey.

9.No bees, no honey.

10.Bee-bee.

11.The birds and bees.

12.Bees and honey.

13.The human tongue is more poisonous that a bee’s sting.

14.When bees are old, they yield no honey.

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15.As quick as a bee.

16.A dead bee makes no honey.

Пчела

1.Трудолюбив как пчела.

2.Гудеть как пчелы в улье.

3.Пчела — божья угодница.

4.Пчела жалит только грешника.

5.Смиренная, как агнец; делова как пчела; красна, что райская птица; верна, что горлица.

6.Корми меня до Ивана, сделаю из тебя пана (говорит пчела).

7.Одна пчела немного меду натаскает.

8.Пчела трудится — для бога свеча пригодится.

9.Не на себя пчела работает.

10.Муравей не по себе ношу тащит; да никто спасибо ему не говорит;

апчела по искорке носит, да богу и людям угождает.

11.Люди рады лету, а пчела цвету.

12.Пастух ради лета, пчела ради цвета.

13.На красный цветок и пчела летит.

14.Не летит пчела от меду, а летит от дыму.

15.Ужалила пчела — два мерина со двора.

16.Плохие пчелы — плохой мед.

17.Пчела жалит жалом, а человек словом.

18.Делова, что пчела.

19.Нет пчелки без жальца.

20.Подле пчелки в следок, а подле жука в навоз.

21.У мертвых пчел меду захотел.

Задание 11. Выясните значения следующих метафор. Какие черты приписываются каждому животному? Есть ли схожие выражения в родной культуре?

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Завершите предложения добавлением названий животных в пра-

вильной грамматической форме.

1.I can not understand her behavior, she has got me __________.

2.That woman sees everything! Nothing escapes her __________ eyes.

3.The detective knew who was responsible for the crime but, instead of making an arrest, played a __________ and __________ game this the guilty man.

4.Born poor, deprived of the benefits of an education, __________ by illhealth, the man, nevertheless, succeeded in life.

5.And now, as the rather dated term has it, l will __________ of home.

Задание 12. Сопоставьте начало сравнения и его окончание. Какие кон-

нотативные значения несут прилагательные в англоязычных сравнениях?

As dead as __________.

As blind as __________.

As sober as __________.

As ugly as __________.

As pretty as __________.

As safe as __________.

As good as __________.

As stubborn as __________.

As mad as __________.

As quite as __________.

As clean as __________.

As straight as __________.

As old as __________.

As pleased as __________.

As happy as __________.

As drunk as __________.

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As easy as __________.

As dull as __________.

As thick as __________.

As high as __________.

As flat as __________.

As black as __________.

Задание 13. Проанализируйте культурные проблемы и потенциаль-

ные конфликты, возникающие в результате брака между католическими и еврейскими семьями.

I will describe a case of an inter-religious married couple, a situation I know very well as they are close relatives of mine, and I have observed since I was a little girl. As the years passed by, I have been able to understand through different nuances the diverse circumstances of such a complex situation, in special after all the religious inputs and clarifications learnt through this module.

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The members of this inter-religious marriage are a young Mexican couple, Teresa and Jorge:

Teresa was already born into an inter-religious to, her father is of Jewish origin and once baptised and converted to Catholicism, then he went back again to his original religion as a seriously active Jewish, and her mother coming from a typical Mexican Catholic family. From childhood to adolescence Teresa was a very religious Catholic girl, and then she converted to the Jewish faith before marrying Jorge.

On the other hand, Jorge comes from a well known third generation of a Jewish family both father and mother. Firstly, in contrast with Teresa, his environment has always been a clear Jewish basis, that is to say, that he has always lived in a strong system of Jewish values with no doubts to convert into another religion. Secondly and important to mention, living in a Jewish community in Mexico means, as a shared pattern in so many other Jewish communities in the world, the noticeable value of solidarity to help each other mainly among Jewish families, their economical stability is usually excellent, but they seldom interact with members of other communities, as in this case with the majority of the Mexican community. So, the entrance of a person coming from a community different to theirs means entering into a delicate territory and a possible difficult welcome as in the case of Teresa and her children acceptance into a “pure” Jewish family.

It is worth to give a brief historical explanation of the Jewish community established in Mexico. The Jewish presence in Mexico dates back from the XVI century, but their community did not flourish due to the Inquisition period and choice to live a clandestine religiosity. But from 1877 to 1910, the president Porfirio Diaz opened the doors to the European immigration, and the Jewish presence was mainly coming from France was an important one for giving a significant contribution to the progress of the nation. Though at that time they did not establish a unified Jewish community, and most of them came back to Europe. The last Jewish immigration, mainly coming from Syria, Turkey and Greece, together with immigrants from the Eastern Europe, such as Poland and Ukraine constitute the nowadays Jewish community joining to the Mexican cultural diversity.

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At first sight, it might probably seem an unfair situation, but this phenomenon is understandable taking into consideration the Jewish community have always been a people of persecution, conflict and violence, victims of tremendous unfair historical events, and anti-Semitism they have beard mainly in the last century during the Second World War and even nowadays with the new anti-Semitism breakouts.

Though they are aware they live in a host country which has always welcomed them very friendly and little by little they were integrated into the Mexican society, I believe they also want to keep and respect the line of the traditions their ancestors have taught to them; and for natural ethnocentric attitudes, it might probably be difficult for some of them to understand their people mixed with some other ethnical or religious groups; and even though their presence has an important economic, cultural and scientific impact in the Mexican country, they might probably feel menaced considering they represent a very small minority of the Mexican society.

It is also important to mention that the ethnocentric attitudes or cultural stereotypes coexist not only within the Jewish community but also within the rest of the Mexican community towards them. The image of a Jewish person living in Mexico viewed from a citizen not from Jewish origin within a social context, means being rich, chic, educated, and in some cases, unfortunately: not very much tolerant with other ethnical and religious groups.

As we can see with this general panorama of both communities coexisting in a common ground, implies an unconscious creation of typical mutual misunderstandings or cultural stereotypes of a given community. These stereotypes make difficult to handle the cultural shock of the first impression or everyday encounters.

Задание 14. Прочитайте следующие цитаты, посвященные браку. Оди-

наково ли в них трактуются различные аспекты брака или же отношение к браку культурнообусловлено? Разделяете ли вы мнение авторов цитат?

Marriage, after all, was an up-and-down affair and in many ways a fragile and devious thing, and was not to be examined too closely. Marriage was not a bank

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statement or a foreign policy or an X-ray photograph in a doctor’s hand. You. Took it and lived in it through it and maybe, a long time later — perhaps the day before you died — you totalled up the accounts, if you were of that turn of mind, but not before.

I. Show

Successful marriage is an art that can only be learned with difficulty. But it gives pride and satisfaction, like any other expertness that is hard won. It will also be an inspiration to the couple’s children and friends. I would say that the surest measure of a man’s or woman’s maturity is the harmony, style, joy, dignity, he creates in his marriage, and the pleasure and inspiration he provides for his spouse. An immature person may achieve great success in a career but never in marriage.

A. Spock

When a wife has a good husband it is easily seen in her face.

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

It is easier to be a lover than a husband for the simple reason that it is more difficult to be witty every day than to say pretty things from time to time.

Honoré de Balzac

To marry unequally is to suffer equally.

Henri-Frédéric Amiel

Marriage brings one in a fatal connection with custom and tradition, and traditions and customs are like wind and weather, altogether incalculable.

Søren Kierkegaard

Beat your wife on the wedding day, and your married life will be happy.

Japanese proverb

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