Интенции политического дискурса. Теория и практика. Часть 1. Учебное пособие

Дополнительные практические задания

1. Прочитайте и переведите следующие тексты клятв3 на русский язык.

Какая доминирующая интенция характерна для предложенных текстов?

Проанализируйте соответствующие речевые акты, содержащиеся в данных текстах. Назовите их типы с точки зрения всех возможных речеактовых классификаций (количество представленных интенциональных компонентов,

степень выраженности интенции (эксплицитный/ имплицитный) и т.д.).

3 Промиссивный текстотип, функционирующий в пределах речевого жанра клятвы,

является особым способом выражения речевой интенции обещания. Подобные текстотипы имеют определенную жанровую композицию и характеризуются особым лексико-грамматическим и стилистическим наполнением.

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a) "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office upon which I am about to enter."

("Oath of Office (Officers and Army Civilians)",

http://www.cpol.army.mil/premiss/74b.html)

b) Australian Constitution:

Oath: "I, A.B., do swear that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to Her Majesty Queen Victoria, Her heirs and successors according to law. SO HELP ME GOD!"

Affirmation: "I, A.B., do solemnly and sincerely affirm and declare that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to Her Majesty Queen Victoria, Her heirs and successors according to law."

("Oath of Affirmation", http://www.australianpolitics.com/constitution/text/oath)

с) "Sentient beings are numberless; I vow to save them.

Desires are inexhaustible;

I vow to put an end to them.

The Dharmas [Buddhist teachings] are boundless;

I vow to master them.

The Buddha Way is unattainable;

I vow to attain it."

That into whatsoever house I shall enter, it shall be for the benefit and comfort of those bereaved;

That I shall obey the civil laws;

That I shall hold inviolate all professional confidences;

And that I shall be faithful to those who place their trust in me.

While I continue to keep this oath, may it be granted to me to enjoy honor, in my life and in my profession, and may I be respected by all men for all time."

("Oath of Worsham College of Mortuary Science", http://www.worshamcollege.com/html/about_us.html)

e) "I promise that I will do my best

To do my duty to God and to the Queen,

To help other people,

And to keep the Cub Scout Law."

(the Cub Scout Law Ages 8-10.6, United Kingdom, http://www.scouts.asn.au/resources/worldlaw.html) f) "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of

the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; and that I will obey the orders of the President of the United States and the orders of the officers appointed over me, according to regulations and the uniform code of military justice."

("Oath of Enlistment", http://www.cpol.army.mil/permiss/74b.html)

g) "I pledge to love life and live each day with enthusiasm and vigor. I will meet my challenges with a smile and learn from my adversities. I will listen to the birds sing and the ocean roar.

I will respect the Earth and all living things in God's Kingdom.

I cherish my heritage and stand proud.

I respect those who have traveled the road before me.

I promise to practice the ideals of sisterhood and support all girls I meet along life's

quest.

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I vow to love life and live love forever."

("Lucy Love's Oath of Honor", http://www.lucylove.com/Oath.htm) h) I promise to hold children dear on the same principles as the Convention on the Rights of the Child, and that according to my best ability and judgement, I will keep this

promise to all my colleagues.

I will do the best of my ability share knowledge and resources at no charge to help others in the pursuit of helping children.

I will follow my best instincts, experience and intelligence to work hard in order to not knowingly harm or to cause additional harm to the plight of the children in the world.

I will go to the benefit of all children, of females as well as males and that my career will be dedicated to improve the lives of children that need help most.

("To Love Children Oath", http://www.tolovechildren.org/community/oath.htm)

i) "I am a servant of the Universe first, last, and always.

Being a servant of the Universe means that my first and last accountability is to my "management" which is God/Goddess/All That Is. I am here to accomplish God's work on Earth. I abide by the decisions and communicate the wishes of my management in all cases. So if they say I cannot work on you or you do not like what it is they have to tell you, please accept my apologies in advance.

I agree to help all I encounter on their journey home.

We are all on a journey as Soul to find our way home back to God. I agree to help every soul I encounter on this journey - whether they are family, friend, client, acquaintance, or stranger - for I may not pass their way again […].

I swear all these things before God, the universe, and all who read these words. I will hold them in my heart as we work together. Should I ever falter, I ask to be corrected. In God's name, I pray. Amen."

("My Oath as a Holistic Healer and Counselor", http://www.healpastlives.com/aboutus/myoath.htm) j) "At the time of being admitted as a Member of the Medical Profession, I solemnly

pledge myself to consecrate my life to the service of humanity;

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I will give to my teachers the respect and gratitude which is their due; I will practice my profession with conscience and dignity;

The health of my patient will be my first consideration;

I will respect the secrets which are confided in me;

I will maintain, by all means in my power, the honor and noble traditions of the medical profession;

My colleagues will be my brothers and sisters;

I will not permit consideration of religion, nationality, race, party politics, or social standing to intervene between my duty and my patient;

I will maintain the utmost respect for human life, and I will not use my medical knowledge contrary to the laws of humanity;

I make these promises solemnly, freely, and upon my honor."

(Declaration of Geneva Oath, modified. University of California, Davis, School of Medicine)

k) "I undertake the rule of training to refrain from killing living creatures. I undertake the rule of training to refrain from taking what is not given.

I undertake the rule of training to refrain from wrong conduct in sexual pleasures. I undertake the rule of training to refrain from false speech.

I undertake the rule of training to refrain from intoxicants, which are the occasion for carelessness.

I undertake the rule of training to refrain from eating outside the time [after twelve noon until dawn the following day].

I undertake the rule of training to refrain from dancing, singing, music, going to see entertainments, wearing garlands, smartening with perfumes, and beautifying with cosmetics.

I undertake the rule of training to refrain from a high or large [two-person] sleeping-place."

("The Rule", http://www.cambodian-buddhist.org/dhamma_vinaya.html)

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l) "I do swear that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to the State of North Carolina, and to the Constitutional powers and authorities which are or may be established for the government thereof, and maintain and defend the Constitution of the said State. So help me God."

("Oath of Allegiance to the State of North Carolina", 1861, http://doscouth.unc.edu/oath/oath.html) m) "I (state your name), solemnly pledge my personal support and dedication to new

mothers and their families. I will strive diligently to assist women in their transition from Womanhood to Motherhood in order to promote Healthy infants and strong families […]."

("The Postpartum Doula Oath", http://www.napcs.org/doula_oath.html) n) "I swear by God this sacred oath that I shall render unconditional obedience to

Adolf Hitler, the Fuhrer of the German Reich, supreme commander of the armed forces, and that I shall at all times be prepared, as a brave soldier, to give my life for this oath."

("The Wehrmacht Oath of Loyalty to Adolf Hitler", 2 August, 1934, http://ddickerson.igc.org/oath-of-loyalty.html) o) "I SWEAR by Health, and by the global human community, and by Earth our

planet, that, according to my ability and judgement, I will keep this Oath and will reckon those who benefit from the Art of Medicine dear to me. I will teach them this Art, if they shall wish to learn it. And by precept, lecture, and every other mode of instruction, I will impart knowledge of Health to them.

In whatever I say or do I will follow the course that, according to my ability and judgement, I consider for the benefit of their health, and abstain from whatever is deleterious and mischievous. I will deal with people truthfully and without deception, not overreaching the scope of my expertise […]."

("The Millenium Health Oath" by Alan Greene, http://www.drgreene.com/21_1423.html)

p) I promise to read Each day and each night.

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I know it's the key

To growing up right.

I'll read to myself,

I'll read to a crowd.

It makes no difference

If silent or loud.

I'll read at my desk,

At home and at school,

On my bean bag or bed,

By the fire or pool.

Each book that I read

Puts smarts in my head,

'Cause brains grow more thoughts The more they are fed.

So I take this oath

To make reading my way

Of feeding my brain

What it needs every day.

("Reader's Oath" by Debra Angstead, http://www.nea.org/readacross/resources/readersoath.html)

2. Прочитайте и выполните письменный перевод следующего текста. Какая разновидность промиссивного речевого акта лежит в его основе? Каковы особенности структуры данного текста? Что делает данную речь наиболее убедительной и эффективной с точки зрения достижения планируемого перлокутивного эффекта?

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a)So this is our contract with you. I want you to read it and – if we win the election

–use it to hold us to account. If we don’t deliver our side of the bargain, vote us out in five years’ time.

We will change politics.

Our political system needs to change. Politicians must be made more accountable, and we must take power away from Westminster and put it in the hands of people –

individuals, families and neighbourhoods.

If you elect a Conservative government on 6 May, we will:

1.Give you the right to sack your MP, so you don’t have to wait for an election

to get rid of politicians who are guilty of misconduct.

2.Cut the number of MPs by ten per cent, and cut the subsidies and perks for

politicians.

3.Cut ministers’ pay by five per cent, and freeze it for five years.

4.Give local communities the power to take charge of the local planning system and vote on excessive council tax rises.

5.Make government transparent, publishing every item of government spending

over £25,000, all government contracts, and all local council spending over £500.

We will change the economy.

Gordon Brown’s economic incompetence has doubled the national debt, given us record youth unemployment, and widened the gap between rich and poor.

Unemployment is still rising, and this year we will spend more on debt interest than on schools. We need to get our economy moving.

If you elect a Conservative government on 6 May, we will:

1.Cut wasteful government spending so we can stop Labour’s jobs tax, which would kill the recovery.

2.Act now on the national debt, so we can keep mortgage rates lower for longer.

3.Reduce emissions and build a greener economy, with thousands of new jobs in green industries and advanced manufacturing.

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4.Get Britain working by giving unemployed people support to get work, creating 400,000 new apprenticeships and training places over two years, and cutting benefits for those who refuse work.

5.Control immigration, reducing it to the levels of the 1990s – meaning tens of thousands a year, instead of the hundreds of thousands a year under Labour.

We will change society.

We face big social problems in this country: family breakdown, educational failure, crime and deep poverty. Labour's big government has failed; we will help build a Big Society where everyone plays their part in mending our broken society.

If you elect a Conservative government on 6 May, we will:

1.Increase spending on health every year, while cutting waste in the NHS, so that more goes to nurses and doctors on the frontline, and make sure you get access to the cancer drugs you need.

2.Support families, by giving married couples and civil partners a tax break, giving more people the right to request flexible working and helping young families with extra Sure Start health visitors.

3.Raise standards in schools, by giving teachers the power to restore discipline and by giving parents, charities and voluntary groups the power to start new smaller schools.

4.Increase the basic state pension, by relinking it to earnings, and protect the winter fuel allowance, free TV licenses, free bus travel and other key benefits for older people.

5.Fight back against crime, cut paperwork to get police officers on the street, and make sure criminals serve the sentence given to them in court.

6.Create National Citizen Service for every 16 year old, to help bring the country together.

(A contract between the Conservative Party and you,

http://www.conservatives.com)

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3. Прочитайте следующий текст предвыборной агитационной речи.

Определите его доминирующую интенцию. Назовите все средства выражения данной интенции, используемые продуцентом данного текста.

a) INTRODUCTION

At the heart of this manifesto is a simple proposition.

We are the party of working people, offering you security at every stage of your life.

If you’re a young person looking for training.

If you’re looking for a good job.

If you want to buy your own home.

If you’re raising a family and need help with childcare. Or a great school place for your child.

If you fall ill, and need to rely on our NHS.

If you are reaching retirement, and want real security…

…we are there for you – offering security at every stage of your life…

…yes, the Conservative Party – the real party of working people in our country

today.

The truth is this.

We are on the brink of something special in our country.

These past five years have been a critical period.

We have drawn on all the resources of our nation to turn a great recession into a great recovery.

Together, with the hard work of the British people, we have rescued our economy, created record numbers of jobs, put Britain back on her feet.

We have put our country on solid ground, laid solid foundations.

But let me tell you: the next five years are much, much more important. The next five years are about building on those foundations.

The next five years are about turning the good news in our economy into a good life for you and your family.

Realising the potential of Britain…

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