Дискурсивно-стилистический анализ английской письменной научной речи. Учебное пособие
.pdf5.Does each body paragraph contain specific contain specific and concrete support for its main idea? Do the details provide examples, reasons, facts?
6.Are your facts, figures, and dates accurate?
7.Is each body paragraph arranged logically?
8.Does the conclusion give your reader a sense of completion?
9.Have you cut any material that goes off the topic?
10.Have you used necessary transition?
11.Dotheparagraphsmaintaincoherencewithpronouns,selective repetition, parallel structure?
12.Do you show relationships between paragraphs?
Sentence
1.Are your sentences concise?
2.Have you eliminated sentence fragments?
3.Have you eliminated confusing shifts?
4.Have you eliminated mixed sentences?
5.Have you eliminated incomplete sentences?
6.Do your sentences express clear relationships among ideas?
7.Do you use coordination correctly?
8.Do you use subordination correctly?
9.Do you use parallelism as needed to help your sentences deliver their meaning?
10.Do your sentences vary in length?
Words
1.Have you used exact words?
2.Does your word choice reflect your intentions in denotation and connotation?
3.Is your style formal enough?
71
References
1.Akmajian A., Demers R. e al. Linguistics: an Introduction to Language and Communication. The MIT Press, 2010. – 604 p.
2.Bailey S. Academic Writing: a Handbook for International Students. London: Routledge, 2015. – 283 p.
3.CoxheadA.ANewAcademic Word List // TESOL Quaterly 34 (2) (2000). – pp. 213–238.
4.Essay Bank of Department of English Language and Linguistics (University of Birmingham). https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/schools/ edacs/departments/englishlanguage/research/resources/essays/index. aspx
5.Frankenberg-Garcia A. Investigating the Collocations Available to EAP Writers // Journal of English for Academic Purposes 35 (2018). – pp. 93–104.
6.Glasman-Deal H. Science research writing for non-native speakers of English. London: Imperial College Press, 2010. – 257 p.
7.Hyland K. Teaching and Researching Writing. Harlow: Long- man-Pearson, 2009. – 281 p.
8.Kawase T. Metadiscourse in the Introductions of PhD Theses and Research Articles // Journal of English for Academic Purposes 20 (2015). Pp. 114–124.
9.Macpherson R. Advanced Written English. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 2004. – 103 p.
10.Malmfors B., Garnsworthy Ph. Et al. Writing and Presenting Scientific Papers. Nottingham: Nottinghan University Press, 2009. – 152 p.
11.Master P. English Grammar and Technical Writing. Washington: Office of English Language Programs, 2004. – 268 p.
12.Purdue Writing Lab. https://owl.purdue.edu/writinglab/the_writing_ lab_at_purdue.html
13.Skern T. Writing Scientific English: AWorkbook. Wien: Facultas Verlags / und BuchhandelsAG, 2009. – 191 p.
14.Swales J. M., Feak Ch. B. Academic Writing for Graduate Students, 3rd Edition: Essential Skills and Tasks. Michigan ELT, 2012. – 421 p.
15.Wallwork A. English for Academic Research: Writing Exercises. New York: Springer, 2013. – 199 p.
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16.Wallwork A. English for Academic Writing Research: Grammar Exercises. New York: Springer, 2016. – 172 p.
17.Wallwork A. English for Research: Usage, Style and Grammar. New York: Springer, 2013. – 254 p.
18.Yakhontova T. V. English Academic Writing for Students and Researchers. Lvov, 2003. – 220 p.
73
AppendixA.Academic Word List
The following is a list of the words from the Academic Word List that are highlighted in this dictionary. Words shown in bold are one of the “parent words”.
abandon 1 v |
accommodation n |
adaptation n |
aggregate 2 adj |
abandoned adj |
accompaniment n |
adequate adj |
aggregate 3 v |
abnormal adj |
accompany v |
adjacent adj |
aid 1 n |
abstract 1 adj |
accumulate v |
adjust v |
aid 2 v |
abstract 2 n |
accuracy n |
adjustment n |
albeit conj |
abstract 3 v |
accurate adj |
administration n |
allocate v |
abstraction n |
achieve v |
administrative adj |
allocation n |
academic1 adj |
achievement n |
adult 1 n |
alter v |
academic 2 n |
acknowledge v |
adult 2 adj |
alteration n |
academy n |
acknowledgement n |
advocacy n |
alternate 1 adj |
access 1 n |
acquire v |
advocate 1 v |
alternate 2 v |
access 2 v |
acquisition n |
advocate 2 n |
alternative 1 adj |
accessible adj |
adapt v |
affect v |
alternative 2 n |
accommodate v |
adaptable adj |
aggregate 1 n |
ambiguity n |
ambiguous adj |
assistance n |
bond 1 n |
clause n |
amend v |
assume v |
bond 2 v |
code 1 n |
amendment n |
assuming conj |
brevity n |
code 2 v |
analogous adj |
assumption n |
brief 1 adj |
coded adj |
analogy n |
assurance n |
brief 2 n |
coding n |
analyse v |
assure v |
brief 3 v |
coherence n |
analysis n |
attach v |
briefing n |
coherent adj |
analyst n |
attachment n |
briefly adv |
coincide v |
analytical adj |
attain v |
bulk 1 n |
coincidence n |
analyze v |
attainment n |
bulky adj |
coincident adj |
annual 1 adj |
attitude n |
capability n |
coincidental adj |
anticipate v |
attributable adj |
capable adj |
collapse 1 v |
anticipation n |
attribute 1 v |
capacity n |
collapse 2 n |
apparent adj |
attribute 2 n |
category n |
colleague n |
append v |
author 1 n |
cease 1 v |
commence v |
appendix n |
author 2 v |
challenge 1 n |
commencement n |
appreciable adj |
authoritative adj |
challenge 2 v |
comment 1 n |
appreciate v |
authority n |
challenging adj |
comment 2 v |
74
appreciation n |
authorship n |
channel 1 n |
commentary n |
approach 1 v |
automate v |
channel 2 v |
commentator n |
approach 2 n |
automated adj |
chapter n |
commission 1 n |
appropriate 1 adj |
automatic 1 adj |
chart 1 n |
commission 2 v |
approximate 1 adj |
automatically adv |
chart 2 v |
commit v |
approximate 2 v |
automation n |
chemical 1 n |
commitment n |
approximation n |
available adj |
chemical 2 adj |
committed adj |
arbitrary adj |
aware adj |
circumstance n |
commodity n |
area n |
awareness n |
citation n |
communicable adj |
aspect n |
behalf n |
cite v |
communicate v |
assemble v |
beneficial adj |
civil adj |
communication n |
assembly n |
beneficiary n |
clarification n |
communicative adj |
assess v |
benefit 1 n |
clarify v |
community n |
assessment n |
benefit 2 v |
clarity n |
compatibility n |
assign v |
bias 1 n |
classic 1 adj |
compatible 1 adj |
assignment n |
bias 2 v |
classic 2 n |
compensate v |
assist 1 v |
biased adj |
classical adj |
compensation n |
compensatory adj |
confine v |
construction n |
conventional adj |
compilation n |
confined adj |
constructive adj |
converse 3 adj |
compile v |
confirm v |
consult v |
conversely adv |
complement 1 n |
confirmation n |
consultancy n |
conversion n |
complement 2 v |
conflict 1 n |
consultant n |
convert 1 v |
complementary adj |
conflict 2 v |
consultation n |
convertible 1 adj |
complex 1 adj |
conform v |
consultative adj |
convince v |
complex 2 n |
conformation n |
consume v |
convinced adj |
complexity n |
conformist adj |
consumer n |
convincing adj |
component 1 n |
conformity n |
consumption n |
cooperate v |
component 2 adj |
consensus n |
contact 1 n |
cooperation n |
compound 1 n |
consent 1 n |
contact 2 v |
cooperative 1 adj |
compound 2 v |
consent 2 v |
contact 3 adj |
coordinate 1 v |
compound 3 adj |
consequence n |
contemporary 1 adj |
coordinate 2 n |
comprehensive adj |
consequent adj |
contemporary 2 n |
coordinate 3 adj |
comprise v |
consequently adv |
context n |
coordination n |
computation n |
considerable adj |
contextual adj |
coordinator n |
compute v |
considerably adv |
contextualize v |
core 1 n |
computer n |
consist v |
contract 1 n |
core 2 adj |
computing n |
consistency n |
contract 2 v |
core 3 v |
75
conceivable adj |
consistent adj |
contractor n |
corporate adj |
conceive v |
constancy n |
contradict v |
corporation n |
concentrate 1 v |
constant 1 adj |
contradiction n |
correspond v |
concentration n |
constant 2 n |
contradictory adj |
correspondence n |
concept n |
constantly adv |
contrary 1 n |
corresponding adj |
conception n |
constituency n |
contrary 2 adj |
couple 1 n |
conceptual adj |
constituent 1 n |
contrast 1 n |
couple 2 v |
conclude v |
constituent 2 adj |
contrast 2 v |
create v |
concluding adj |
constitute v |
contrasting adj |
creation n |
conclusion n |
constitution n |
contribute v |
creative 1 adj |
conclusive adj |
constitutional 1 adj |
contribution n |
creativity n |
concurrent adj |
constrain v |
contributor n |
creator n |
conduct 1 v |
constrained adj |
controversial adj |
credit 1 n |
conduct 2 n |
constraint n |
controversy n |
credit 2 v |
confer v |
construct 1 v |
convene v |
creditor n |
conference n |
construct 2 n |
convention n |
criterion n |
crucial adj |
derive v |
cultural adj |
design 1 n |
culturally adv |
design 2 v |
culture 1 n |
designer 1 n |
currency n |
despite prep |
cycle 1 n |
detect v |
cycle 2 v |
detection n |
cyclic adj |
detective n |
data n |
detector n |
debatable adj |
deviate 1 v |
debate 1 n |
deviation n |
debate 2 v |
device n |
decade n |
devote v |
decline 1 n |
devoted adj |
decline 2 v |
devotion n |
deduce v |
differentiate v |
deduction n |
dimension n |
define v |
diminish v |
definite adj |
diminution n |
definitely adv |
discrete adj |
definition n |
discretion n |
distinct adj |
economist n |
distinction n |
economy 1 n |
distinctive adj |
edit v |
distinctly adv |
edition n |
distort v |
editor n |
distribute v |
editorial 1 adj |
distribution n |
editorial 2 n |
distributive adj |
element n |
diverse adj |
eliminate v |
diversify v |
elimination n |
diversity n |
emerge v |
document 1 n |
emergence n |
document 2 v |
emergent adj |
documentation n |
emerging adj |
domain n |
emphasis n |
domestic 1 adj |
emphasize v |
domesticate v |
emphatic adj |
domesticated adj |
empirical adj |
dominance n |
empiricism n |
dominant 1 adj |
enable v |
dominate v |
enabling adj |
76
definitive adj |
discretionary adj |
draft 1 n |
encounter 1 v |
demonstrable adj |
discriminate v |
draft 2 v |
encounter 2 n |
demonstrate v |
discrimination n |
draft 3 adj |
energetic adj |
demonstration n |
disestablish v |
drama n |
energy n |
demonstrative adj |
displace v |
dramatic adj |
enforce v |
demonstrator n |
displacement n |
dramatist n |
enforced adj |
denial n |
display 1 n |
dramatize v |
enforcement n |
denote v |
display 2 v |
duration n |
enhance v |
deny v |
disposable adj |
dynamic 1 adj |
enhanced adj |
depress v |
disposal n |
dynamic 2 n |
enormity n |
depression n |
dispose v |
economic adj |
enormous adj |
derivation n |
disproportion n |
economical adj |
enormously adv |
derivative 1 n |
disproportionate adj |
economically adv |
ensure v |
derivative 2 adj |
dissimilar adj |
economics n |
entity n |
environment n |
evolve v |
factor 2 v |
framework n |
environmental adj |
exceed v |
feature 1 n |
function 1 n |
environmentalist n |
exclude v |
feature 2 v |
function 2 v |
equate v |
excluding prep |
federal adj |
functional adj |
equation n |
exclusion n |
federation n |
fund 1 n |
equip v |
exclusive 1 adj |
fee n |
fund 2 v |
equipment n |
exclusively adv |
file 1 n |
fundamental adj |
equivalent 1 adj |
exhibit 1 v |
file 2 v |
fundamentally adv |
equivalent 2 n |
exhibit 2 n |
filing n |
funding n |
erode v |
exhibition n |
final 1 adj |
furthermore adv |
erosion n |
expand v |
final 2 n |
gender n |
erroneous adj |
expansion n |
finality n |
generate v |
error n |
expansionism n |
finalize v |
generation n |
establish v |
expansive adj |
finally adv |
globalization n |
established adj |
expert 1 n |
finance 1 n |
globe n |
establishment n |
expert 2 adj |
finance 2 v |
goal n |
estate n |
expertise n |
financial adj |
grade 1 n |
estimate 1 n |
explicit adj |
financier n |
grade 2 v |
estimate 2 v |
exploit 1 v |
finite adj |
graded adj |
estimation n |
exploitation n |
flexibility n |
grant 1 v |
ethic n |
export 1 n |
flexible adj |
grant 2 n |
ethical adj |
export 2 v |
fluctuate v |
guarantee 1 v |
ethnic 1 adj |
exporter n |
fluctuation n |
guarantee 2 n |
77
ethnic 2 n |
expose v |
evaluate v |
exposed adj |
evaluation n |
exposure n |
eventual adj |
external adj |
eventuality n |
externalize v |
eventually adv |
extract 1 v |
evidence 1 n |
extract 2 n |
evident adj |
extraction n |
evidential adj |
facilitate v |
evidently adv |
facilitator n |
evolution n |
facility n |
evolutionary adj |
factor 1 n |
focus 1 v |
guideline n |
focus 2 n |
hence adv |
focused adj |
hierarchical adj |
format 1 n |
hierarchy n |
format 2 v |
highlight 1 v |
formula n |
hypothesis n |
formulate v |
hypothesize v |
forthcoming adj |
hypothetical adj |
found 2 v |
identical adj |
foundation n |
identifiable adj |
founder 1 n |
identification n |
founding n |
identify v |
identity n |
incapacitate v |
induction n |
inspection n |
ideological adj |
incentive n |
inevitability n |
inspector n |
ideology n |
incidence n |
inevitable adj |
instability n |
ignorance n |
incident n |
inevitably adv |
instance 1 n |
ignorant adj |
incidentally adv |
infer v |
instance 2 v |
ignore v |
inclination n |
inference n |
institute 1 n |
illegal 1 adj |
incline 1 v |
infinite adj |
institute 2 v |
illogical adj |
incline 2 n |
infinitely adv |
institution n |
illustrate v |
incoherent adj |
inflexible adj |
institutional adj |
illustration n |
income n |
infrastructure n |
institutionalized adj |
illustrative adj |
incompatible adj |
inherent adj |
instruct v |
image n |
inconceivable adj |
inhibit v |
instruction n |
imagery n |
inconclusive adj |
inhibition n |
instructive adj |
immature adj |
inconsistency n |
initial 1 adj |
instructor n |
immigrant n |
inconsistent adj |
initially adv |
insufficient adj |
immigrate v |
incorporate v |
initiate 1 v |
integral adj |
immigration n |
incorporated adj |
initiation n |
integrate v |
impact 1 n |
indefinite adj |
initiative n |
integrated adj |
impact 2 v |
indefinitely adv |
initiator n |
integration n |
implement 1 v |
index 1 n |
injure v |
integrity n |
implement 2 n |
index 2 v |
injured adj |
intelligence n |
implicate v |
indicate v |
injury n |
intelligent adj |
implication n |
indication n |
innovate v |
intense adj |
implicit adj |
indicative 1 n |
innovation n |
intensify v |
imply v |
indicative 2 adj |
innovative adj |
intensity n |
78
impose v |
indicator n |
innovator n |
intensive adj |
imposition n |
indiscretion n |
input 1 n |
interact v |
imprecise adj |
indistinct adj |
input 2 v |
interaction n |
inaccessible adj |
individual 1 adj |
insecure adj |
interactive adj |
inaccuracy n |
individual 2 n |
insert 1 v |
intermediate 1 adj |
inaccurate adj |
individualism n |
insertion n |
internal adj |
inadequacy n |
individualist n |
insight n |
internalize v |
inadequate adj |
individuality n |
insightful adj |
interpret v |
inappropriate adj |
individually adv |
insignificant adj |
interpretation n |
incapable adj |
induce v |
inspect v |
interpretative adj |
interpretive adj |
justification n |
likewise adv |
method n |
interval n |
justified adj |
link 1 v |
methodical adj |
intervene v |
justify v |
link 2 n |
methodology n |
intervening adj |
label 1 n |
linkage n |
migrant n |
intervention n |
label 2 v |
locate v |
migrate v |
intrinsic adj |
labor n |
location n |
migration n |
invalidate v |
labored adj |
logic n |
migratory adj |
invalidity n |
labour 1 n |
logical adj |
military 1 adj |
invariable adj |
labour 2 v |
logician n |
military 2 n |
invariably adv |
laboured adj |
maintain v |
minimal adj |
invest v |
layer 1 n |
maintenance n |
minimize v |
investigate v |
layer 2 v |
major 1 adj |
minimum 1 adj |
investigation n |
lecture 1 n |
majority n |
minimum 2 n |
investigative adj |
lecture 2 v |
manipulate v |
ministerial adj |
investigator n |
lecturer n |
manipulative adj |
ministry n |
investment n |
legal adj |
manual 1 adj |
minor 1 adj |
investor n |
legality n |
manual 2 n |
minority n |
invisible adj |
legally adv |
margin n |
misinterpret v |
invoke v |
legislate v |
marginal adj |
mode n |
involve v |
legislation n |
marginally adv |
modification n |
involvement n |
legislative adj |
maturation n |
modify v |
irrational adj |
legislator n |
mature 1 adj |
monitor 1 v |
irrelevance n |
legislature n |
mature 2 v |
motivated adj |
irrelevant adj |
levy 1 v |
maturity n |
motivation n |
irreversible adj |
levy 2 n |
maximize v |
motive 1 n |
isolate v |
liberal 1 adj |
maximum 1 adj |
motive 2 adj |
isolated adj |
liberal 2 n |
maximum 2 n |
mutual adj |
79
isolation n |
liberalism n |
mechanism n |
mutually adv |
isolationism n |
liberalize v |
media n |
negate v |
issue 1 n |
liberally adv |
mediate v |
negative 1 adj |
issue 2 v |
liberate v |
medical 1 adj |
negative 2 n |
item n |
liberated adj |
medium 1 adj |
network 1 n |
job n |
licence n |
medium 2 n |
network 2 v |
journal n |
license v |
mental adj |
networking n |
justifiable adj |
licensed adj |
mentality n |
neutral 1 adj |
neutrality n |
orient 1 v |
perception n |
precise adj |
neutralize v |
orientate v |
period 1 n |
precisely adv |
nevertheless adv |
orientated adj |
periodic adj |
precision 1 n |
nonconformist n |
orientation n |
periodical n |
precision 2 adj |
nonetheless adv |
oriented adj |
persist v |
predict v |
norm n |
outcome n |
persistence n |
predictable adj |
normal 1 adj |
output 1 n |
persistent adj |
prediction n |
normal 2 n |
output 2 v |
perspective n |
predominance n |
normality n |
overall 1 adj |
phase 1 n |
predominant adj |
normalize v |
overall 2 adv |
phase 2 v |
predominantlyadv |
normally adv |
overestimate 1 v |
phenomenal adj |
predominate v |
notion n |
overestimate 2 n |
phenomenon n |
preliminary 1 adj |
notwithstanding prep |
overlap 1 v |
philosopher n |
preliminary 2 n |
nuclear adj |
overlap 2 n |
philosophical adj |
presumably adv |
objective 1 n |
overseas 1 adv |
philosophize v |
presume v |
objective 2 adj |
overseas 2 adj |
philosophy n |
presumption n |
objectively adv |
panel n |
physical 1 adj |
previous adj |
obtain v |
paradigm n |
physically adv |
previously adv |
obtainable adj |
paragraph n |
plus 1 prep |
primacy n |
obvious adj |
parallel 1 n |
plus 2 n |
primarily adv |
obviously adv |
parallel 2 adj |
plus 3 adj |
primary 1 adj |
occupancy n |
parallel 3 v |
policy n |
prime 1 adj |
occupant n |
parameter n |
portion 1 n |
principal 1 adj |
occupation n |
participant n |
pose 1 v |
principally adv |
occupational adj |
participate v |
pose 2 n |
principle n |
occupier n |
participation n |
positive 1 adj |
principled adj |
occupy v |
participatory adj |
positively adv |
prior 1 adj |
occur v |
partner 1 n |
potential 1 adj |
prioritize v |
occurrence n |
partnership n |
potential 2 n |
priority 1 n |
80
