Введение в лингвострановедение. Практикум для студентов-бакалавров направления «Лингвистика»

England for many years to come. Meanwhile, Edward, under pressure from France in Aquitaine, made a challenge for the French throne. Over the next century, English forces fought many campaigns in a long-running conflict that became known as the Hundred Years' War. Despite the challenges involved in raising the revenues to pay for the war, Edward's military successes brought an influx of plundered wealth to many parts of England and enabled substantial building work by the king. Many members of the English elite, including Edward's son the Black Prince, were heavily involved in campaigning in France and administering the new continental territories.

Edward's grandson, the young Richard II, faced political and economic problems, many resulting from the Black Death, including the Peasants' Revolt that broke out across the south of England in 1381. Over the coming decades, Richard and groups of nobles vied for power and control of policy towards France until Henry of Bolingbroke seized the throne with the support of parliament in 1399. Ruling as Henry IV, he exercised power through a royal council and parliament, while attempting to enforce political and religious conformity. His son, Henry V, reinvigorated the war with France and came close to achieving strategic success shortly before his death in 1422. Henry VI became king at the age of only nine months and both the

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English political system and the military situation in France began to unravel.

A sequence of bloody civil wars, later termed the Wars of the Roses, finally broke out in 1455, spurred on by an economic crisis and a widespread perception of poor

government. Edward IV, leading a faction known as

the Yorkists, removed Henry from power in 1461 but by 1469 fighting recommenced as Edward, Henry, and Edward's brother George, backed by leading nobles and powerful French supporters, vied for power. By 1471 Edward was triumphant and most of his rivals were dead. On his death, power passed to his brother Richard of Gloucester, who initially ruled on behalf of the young Edward V before seizing the throne himself as Richard III. The future Henry VII, aided by French and Scottish troops, returned to England and defeated Richard at the battle of Bosworth in 1485, bringing an end to the majority of the fighting, although lesser rebellions against his Tudor dynasty would continue for several years afterwards.

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Test 7. Variant 1

1.Why was the 14th century hard for England?

a)Plague

b)War with France

c)War with Scotland

d)all of these variants are right

2.“Auld Alliance” was between

a)England and Scotland

b)England and France

c)Scotland and France

d)France and Wales

3.Who were rebellious vassals of the French King?

a)King of England

b)Duke of Normandy

c)Duke of Gascony

d)all of these variants are right

4.Who was interested in war with France?

a)Lords

b)Knights

c)Merchants

d)all of these variants are right

5.At first English were more successful on the battlefield because

a)they were more experienced

b)they were quick in movement

c)they had a special weapon

d)all of these variants are right

6.Did Scotland take part in the Hundred Years War?

a)Yes, because they were attacked by England

b)No, there was no threat to them

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c)Yes, as they were true to “Auld Alliance”

d)Yes, they wanted to get control over new territories

7.What king was a symbol of chivalry?

a)Edward I

b)Edward II

c)Edward III

d)Edward IV

8.How many members were there in the Order of the Garter?

a)12

b)15

c)24

d)30

9.Chivalry helped to make the image of war full of

a)glory

b)profit

c)death and destruction

d)all of these variants are right

10.The terrible plague started in

a)1337

b)1346

c)1348

d)1349

11.How big was the population of Britain by the end of the 14th century?

a)About 2 million people

b)About 3 million people

c)About 4 million people

d)About 5 million people

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12.“Yeomen” were

a)poor farmers without land

b)new class of land renters

c)vassals working on manorial lands

d)all of these variants are right

13.At the end of the 14th century the main export good was

a)wool

b)cloth

c)sheep

d)all of these variants are right

14.London’s trade rival was

a)Yorkshire

b)Wales

c)Bristol

d)Newcastle

15.Richard II became the king in

a)1348

b)1349

c)1377

d)1381

16.How long did the Peasant’s Revolt last?

a)4 days

b)4 weeks

c)4 months

d)4 years

17.Richard II stopped the revolt.

a)Tyler was killed

b)Richard II promised to end the serfdom

c)Richard II didn’t raise taxes

d)all of these variants are right

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18.The English didn’t like the idea of giving money to the pope because of

a)his ideas

b)his place of living

c)his relationship with the English king

d)all of these variants are right

19.Spread of religious writings

a)threatened Church’s authority

b)enhanced private prayer

c)developed people’s independence

d)all of these variants are right

20.How did Henry IV deal with lollards?

a)Put them into prison

b)Burnt them

c)Hanged them

d)all of these variants are right

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Test 7. Variant 2

1.How many people died of plague?

a)1/3

b)1/4

c)1/2

d)1/5

2.When did England give up the idea of overlordship of Scotland?

a)1295

b)1314

c)1327

d)1328

3.Who became the ally of Scotland in 1295?

a)England

b)Wales

c)Ireland

d)France

4.What did the French king do to strengthen the control over England?

a)Interfered with trade

b)Threatened the English king’s health

c)Began war

d)all of these variants are right

5.When did the Hundred Years War start?

a)1324

b)1337

c)1346

d)1453

6.Why didn’t the war end in 1360?

a)The English king was satisfied with situation

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b)The French king was satisfied with situation

c)The English king wasn’t satisfied with situation

d)The French king wasn’t satisfied with situation

7.The “code of chivalry” was the way in which

a)a perfect king should behave

b)a perfect knight should behave

c)a perfect merchant should behave

d)a perfect landlord should behave

8.Perfect knight

a)fought for his good name

b)served God and the king

c)defended any lady in need

d)all of these variants are right

9.The Black Prince was known in France for

a)his cruelty

b)his nobility

c)his kindness

d)his greed

10.The Black Death was a nickname of

a)King

b)knight

c)disease

d)vassal

11.What happened in the 14th century in Britain?

a)Plague

b)Animal diseases

c)Agricultural crisis

d)all of these variants are right

12.The fall in population

a)improved the life of poor people

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b)changed the relations between lords and vassals

c)led to the end of serfdom

d)all of these variants are right

13.Be the end of the 14th century

a)agricultural land production grew

b)peasants built houses in stone

c)feudal system worked well again

d)all of these variants are right

14.Originally “spinster” was

a)a name of a profession

b)a nickname

c)a name of a town

d)a name of a river

15.People didn’t rebel against Edward III because

a)he led wars against France

b)of his demands on merchants

c)he was skillful ruler

d)all of these variants are right

16.In 1381 people rebelled in

a)Wales

b)East Anglia

c)Scotland

d)Cardiff

17.The Peasant’s Revolt began because

a)of new tax

b)of Landlords actions

c)God had created all people equal

d)all of these variants are right

18.In the 14th century people rebelled against

a)nobles

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b)Church

c)King

d)all of these variants are right

19.Bishops didn’t support

a)the king

b)the church

c)the nobles

d)the clergy

20.The Bible was translated into English in

a)1371

b)1381

c)1396

d)1401

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