Английский язык для специалистов по информационной безопасности. English for cyber security specialists. Учебное пособие

Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации НОВОСИБИРСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

С. В. НИКРОШКИНА

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК ДЛЯ СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ ПО ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ

ENGLISH FOR CYBER SECURITY

SPECIALISTS

Утверждено Редакционно-издательским советом университета в качестве учебного пособия

НОВОСИБИРСК

2023

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ББК 81.432.1-923 Н647

Рецензенты:

Недоступ О. И., канд. филол. наук, доцент, доцент кафедры межкультурной коммуникации и языковой подготовки СГУГиТ

Балобанова А. Г., канд. филол. наук, доцент кафедры ИЯ ТФ НГТУ

Никрошкина С. В.

Н647 Английский язык для специалистов по информационной безопасности. English for cyber security specialists: учебное посо-

бие / С. В. Никрошкина. – Новосибирск: Изд-во НГТУ, 2023. – 75 с.

ISBN 978-5-7782-5088-8

Целью данного пособия является учебно-методическое обеспечениесистемыобразованияНовосибирскогоГосударственногоТехнического Университета. Пособие предназначено для бакалавров, обучающихся по специальности 10.03.01 «Информационная безопасность». Пособие содержит англоязычные тексты по специальным тематикам, затрагивающим различные аспекты нефтегазовой промышленности, а также разработанный на их основе комплекс заданий, ориентированных на взаимосвязанное формирование умений иноязычного чтения, письма и говорения в контексте английского для профессиональных целей. Пособие также включает дополнительные задания по развитию навыков перевода и говорения.

ББК 81.432.1-923

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Reading

1. Read the text and translate it.

Computer Hardand Software

A computer is an electronic machine which can accept data in a certain form, process the data, and give the results of the processing in a specified format as information. First, data is fed into the computer’s memory. Then, when the program is run, the computer performs a set of instructions and processes the data. Finally, we can see the results (the output) on the screen or in printed form. A computer system consists of two parts: hardware and software. Hardware is any electronic or mechanical part you can see or touch. Software is a set of instructions, called a program, which tells the computer what to do. There are three basic hardware sections: the central processing unit (CPU), main memory and peripherals. Perhaps the most influential component is the central processing unit. Its function is to execute program instructions and coordinate activities of all the other units. In a way, it is the ‘brain’ of the computer. The main memory (a collection of RAM chips) holds the instructions and data which are being processed by the CPU. Peripherals are the physical units attached to the computer. They include storage devices and input/output devices. Storage devices (hard drives, DVD drives or flash drives) provide a permanent storage of both data and programs. Disk drives are used to read and write data on disks. Input devices enable data to go into the computer’s memory. The most common input devices are the mouse and the keyboard. Output devices enable us to extract the finished product from the system. For example, the computer shows the output on the monitor or prints the results onto paper by means of a printer. In the rear panel of the computer there are several ports into which we can plug a wide range of peripherals – a modem, a digital camera, a scanner, etc. They allow communication between the computer and the devices. Modern desktop PCs have USB ports and memory card readers on the front panel.

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After reading tasks

Developing professional vocabulary Working out the meaning of unknown words

2. The following words in the box are all from the text above. Find them in the text.

3. For each word, read the sentence it occurs in and answer the questions.

a)Is the word positive, negative or neutral?

b)Is it a noun, adjective, adverb or verb?

c)Can you think of a word with a similar meaning (synonym) and one with an opposite meaning (antonym)?

4.Answer the following questions

1.What can a computer perform?

2.In what way does a computer process data?

3.Can you name the constituent parts of hardware system?

4.What function does the CPU have?

5.What function does the main memory possess?

6.What do peripherals include?

7.What does a computer need input devices for?

8.What is the function of output devices?

9.Where are the ports into which we can plug a wide range of peripherals?

10.What is a USB connector?

11.What unit coordinates the operation of all computer parts?

12.What unit allows to connect a printer and the CPU?

13.What unit holds the instructions and data?

14.What unit provides a permanent storage of data and programs?

5.Mark the statements as true (T) or false (F). Correct the false ones.

1) Software is a set of peripherals which is the ‘brain’ of the computer. 2) Any input device enables data to go into the computer.

3) The main memory holds instructions and data which are processed by

the CPU.

4) USB ports allow communication between a computer and flash memory.

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5)Hardware is any mechanical part of a computer system.

6)CPU means central protecting unit.

7)The ‘brain’ of a computer is a monitor.

8)A keyboard is an output device.

9)Disk drive is an example of storage device.

10)There are two main hardware sections.

8. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences.

1)A computer is an … machine which can accept … in a certain form, process the data, and give the results of the processing in a specified format as ….

2)A computer system consists of two parts: … and ….

3)Hardware is any electronic or mechanical part you can … or ….

4)Software is a set of …, called a program.

5)CPU is the … … … .

6)CPU’s function is to … program instructions and … activities of all the other units.

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7)The main memory consists of a collection of ….

8)The physical units attached to the computer are called …. They include storage devices and … devices.

9)Hard drives provide a … storage of data and programs.

10)Input devices enable data to go …the computer’s memory. Output devices enable us to … the finished product from the system.

9.Find synonyms in the text.

10. Find the English equivalents for these Russian terms and expressions. Make up your own sentences with them.

1.электронная техника;

2.принимать данные;

3.обрабатывать данные;

4.память;

5.набор инструкций;

6.программное обеспечение;

7.техническое обеспечение;

8.состоять из;

9.выполнять инструкции;

10.управлять работой всех частей компьютера;

11.присоединенный к;

12.включать;

13.постоянное хранение данных;

14.выдать продукт;

15.присоединить кабель.

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11. Make sentences by putting the words in the correct order.

1.parts /a / of / consists/ hardware/ and / two / computer system/ software.

2.ports / there are/ memory card / the front and rear panels / several /and / readers/ on.

3.performs / a set / and / the computer /of / the data / instructions / processes/

4.data / on/ disks/ disk/ to read /drives / are used / and /write.

5.function / to execute / is/ program / instructions/ of / the CPU.

WORD BUILDING

12. Form nouns adding the suffixes a)-age, b)-ment to the given verbs and adjectives and translate them.

Example:

a)to leak ‒ течь leakage ‒ утечка

b)to equip – оборудовать equipment ‒ оборудование

1.to use, to cover, to store, to break, to pass, to carry, to link, to stop, to assemble, to short(en);

2.to develop, to arrange, to achieve, to move, to measure, to improve, to manage, to establish, to excite, to require.

Translation

13. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English.

1.Процессоробеспечиваетивычисляетвсеоперациинакомпьютере.

2.Видеокарта позволяет передавать изображения с компьютера на экран/монитор. Она вставляется в материнскую плату в свой разъем.

3.В настоящее время все пользователи хранят данные на флешках.

4.Жесткий диск хранит всю информацию и файлы, в том числе операционную систему, программы, браузеры, фото, музыку и т. д.

5.Оперативная память ‒ это маленькая плата необходимая для хранения временных данных. Когда вы что-то копируете, эта информация временно хранится на оперативной памяти.

6.На боковых панелях ноутбука есть USB порты, карт-ридеры и др.

7.Компьютер ‒ электронно-вычислительная машина, способная выполнять определённую последовательность операций.

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8.В системном блоке расположены: блок питания, жесткий диск, материнскаяплата, оперативнаяпамять, звуковаякарта, видеокарта, сетевая карта, дисковод и другие комплектующие, которые необходимы для расширения возможностей.

9.Компьютер состоит из системного блока и периферийных устройств (монитор, мышь, клавиатура и т.п.).

Writing

HOW TO WRITE A SUMMARY

A summary is a brief statement or account of the main points of a piece of writing. A summary is not a rewrite of the original text and does not have to be long. Your purpose in writing the summary is to give the basic ideas of the original reading. What was it about and what did the author want to communicate?

1. Identify the type of work (text, article), title, author, and main point.

In the text (article) “…” the author presents (shows, describes ...) his opinion on the hot topic of living in a technological society.

The text “…” deals with the problem of ... (discusses some problems relating to ..., provides information on ...).

2. Write in the present tense.

At the beginning of the text / article the author characterizes... (comments on ..., explains ..., analyses ...).

Attention is drawn to the fact that ... . It should be noted that ... .

3.Don't forget to include linking words so your reader can easily follow your thoughts.

Next / Further / Then it is reported / shown that ....

4.Don't copy the article. Instead, paraphrase.

Besides the author explains that ..., gives a detailed analysis of ... (the description of ...). Finally the author comes to the conclusion that ... .

In conclusion ... . At the end of the text / article the author describes ..., emphasizes that ..., points out that …, summarizes that ... .

5. Don't put your own opinions, ideas, or interpretations into the summary.

Your summary should have between 100 and 120 words.

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14. Write the summary of the text "Computer Hardand Software". Speaking

15. Speak about computer hardware as well as software.

16. Write the outline of the text "Computer Hardand Software". Retell it to your group mates.

Grammar

The Passive Voice

An active sentence like I conducted this experiment has the subject first (the person or thing that does the verb), followed by the verb, and finally the object (the person or thing that the action happens to).

So, in this example, the subject is 'I', the verb is 'conducted' and the object is 'this experiment'.

But, we don't always need to make sentences this way. We might want to put the object first, or perhaps we don't want to say who did something. This can happen for lots of reasons. In this case, we can use a passive, which puts the object first:

This experiment was conducted by me (we can add 'by me' if we want, but it isn't necessary).

How to make the Passive in English

We make the passive by putting the verb 'to be' into whatever tense we need and then adding the past participle. For regular verbs, we make the past participle by adding 'ed' to the infinitive. So play becomes played.

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