Английский язык для специалистов по информационной безопасности. English for cyber security specialists. Учебное пособие

b)Is it a noun, adjective, adverb or verb?

c)Can you think of a word with a similar meaning (synonym) and one with an opposite meaning (antonym)?

4. Answer the following questions

1.What are the main characteristics of information?

2.What characteristics affect information’s value to users?

3.What does availability of information enable?

4.In what cases can we state that information has accuracy?

5.What is authenticity of information?

6.Why is e-mail spoofing a problem for many people today?

7.What does phishing mean?

8.What does confidentiality ensure?

9.In what cases is the value of confidentiality of information especially

high?

10.What measures can you use to protect the confidentiality of information?

11.When is the integrity of information threatened?

12.When can the corruption of information occur?

13.Is corruption necessarily the result of external forces, such as hackers? What can also cause data to lose its integrity?

14.What is the utility of information?

15.What is the possession of information?

16.Does a breach of possession always result in a breach of confidentiality?

5.Mark the statements as true (T) or false (F). Correct the false ones.

1.The value of information depends on its characteristics.

2.Availability enables unauthorized users to access information without interference or obstruction and to receive it in any format.

3.Information is not considered accurate when it is unintentionally mod-

ified.

4.Information is authentic when it is transferred in the same state in which it was created.

5.Phishing is a variation of spoofing.

6.Confidentiality of information is breached if unauthorized users are allowed a free access to it.

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7.Confidentiality is independent from other characteristics of information.

8.The value of confidentiality is especially high if it is financial information about a company’s accounts, financial deals and banking transactions.

9.Information has integrity when it is complete, uncorrupted and uncompromised.

10.Integrity is the most important characteristic of information stored both online and offline.

11.A breach of possession of information always results in a breach of confidentiality.

6. Match the following Russian words and phrases to their English equivalents.

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9. Match the collocations and translate them into Russian. Use these expressions in sentences of your own.

10. Fill in the table with the collocations from the text and translate them into Russian. Use these collocations to make up your own sentences.

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9to … a corporate director suspected of leaking confidential information

10to … identification before entrance

11to … information from disclosure

12to … users to make a mistake

13to … e-mail recipients into thinking that …

14to … personal or financial information using fraudulent means

11.Fill in the gaps in the following sentences.

1.Although information security professionals and … … share an understanding of the characteristics of information, tensions can arise when the need to secure the information from threats conflicts with the end users’ need for … … to the information.

2.Availability enables … users ‒persons or computer systems ‒to access information without … or … and to receive it in the required format.

3.If information has been … or unintentionally modified, it is no longer

….

4.If a bank teller mistakenly adds or … too much from your account, the value of the information is ….

5.Information is … when it is in the same state in which it was created, placed, stored, or transferred.

6.E-mail … , the act of sending an e-mail message with a modified field, is a problem for many people today, because often the modified field is the address of the … .

7.Spoofing can also … data being transmitted across a network, as in the case of user data protocol (UDP) packet spoofing, which can enable the attacker to get … to data stored on computing systems.

8.When used in a … attack, e-mail spoofing lures victims to a Web server that does not represent the organization it purports to, in an attempt to … their private data such as account numbers and passwords.

9.Confidentiality ensures that only those with the rights and … to access information are able to do so.

10.When unauthorized individuals or systems can view information, confidentiality is … .

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11.Confidentiality, like most of the characteristics of information, is … with other characteristics and is most closely related to the characteristic known as privacy.

12.The value of confidentiality of information is especially high when it is personal information about … , … , or ….

13.As a consumer, you give up pieces of … information in exchange for convenience or … almost daily.

14.The integrity of information is threatened when the information is exposed to … , damage, destruction, or other … of its authentic state.

15.Corruption can occur while information is being … or … .

16.Many computer viruses and … are designed with the … purpose of corrupting data.

17.Information integrity is the cornerstone of information systems, be-

cause

information is of no value or use if users cannot … its integrity.

18.During each transmission, algorithms, hash values, and the error-cor- recting codes ensure the … of the information.

19.The … of information is the quality or state of having value for some purpose or end.

20.Information has value when it can serve a … .

21.The possession of information is the quality or state of … or

control.

22.Information is said to be in one’s possession if one … it, independent of format or other characteristics.

23.Today, people caught selling company secrets face … … … with the likelihood of jail time.

12. Fill in the table with the words from the text which are used to denote the following:

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13. Fill in the gaps using the words and phrases given in the box.

classification requirements security protection events amendments

The US has had a need for … of sensitive information since George Washington and the Constitutional Convention. However, a formal …

system was not established until President Roosevelt issued the first Information Security Executive Order, 8381. The modern-day Information Security Program has been evolving since the 1950s and is based on a series of presidential executive orders and presidential decision directives that have established uniform information security … for the Executive Branch. Since President Roosevelt’s initial order, Presidents Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy, Nixon, Carter, Reagan, Clinton, and Bush have all developed Executive Orders or effected … to Executive Orders that have shaped the Information Security Program over time.

The Executive Orders are affected by significant factors facing U.S. national … as well as the political climate in which the order was developed. For example, the previous Executive Order 12958, as amended, was directly affected by the … of 9/11.

Word Building

14. Give the initial words of the following derivatives

Example: different -to differ

1.communication

2.technological

3.invisible

4.equipment

5.quickly

6.responsible

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15. Read the words and say what suffixes they have and what parts of speech they belong to.

1.use, useful, usefulness;

2.invent, inventor, invention;

3.transmit, transmitter, transmission;

4.work, worker;

5.special, specialty, specialist;

6.practice, practical;

7.contain, container;

8.lecture, lecturer;

9.create, creative, creation;

10.accelerate, acceleration, accelerator;

11.determine, determination;

12.proper, properly, property;

13.science, scientific, scientist;

14.discover, discovery, discoverer;

15.important, importance;

16.react, reaction, reactor, reactivity;

17.arrange, arrangement;

18.capable, capability;

19.apply, application.

16.Form verbs with an opposite meaning adding the prefix disand translate them.

Example:

to agree ‒ соглашаться

to disagree ‒ не соглашаться

1.to cover

2.to appear

3.to place

4.to continue

5.to approve

6.to charge

7.to connect

8.to close

9.to arrange

10.to assemble

11.to mount

12.to join

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Grammar

The Perfect Passive

17. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the predicates in the Perfect Passive.

1.This theory has been used for analyzing the experimental data.

2.In my opinion this result has not been proved by anybody.

3.The apparatus used in our research has been described recently.

4.We must compare our data with those that have been obtained by other investigators.

5.Many difficulties had been overcome before the researcher succeeded in his work.

6.After the new device had been tested it was installed in our laboratory.

7.The construction of this television centre will have been completed by the end of the next year.

8.In our country great progress has been achieved in developing all branches of science and engineering.

9.Many different devices have been created in order to improve the performance of communications.

10.The information has been based on the data received from a computer.

11.Much research has been carried out in order to establish the causes of this phenomenon.

12.This question has already been discussed at the conference.

13.By the end of the year a large variety of semiconductor devices will have been produced.

14.This equipment had been repaired before you came.

15.This text has just been translated.

The Participles

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