Английский язык в сфере профессиональной коммуникации. Горные машины. Учебное пособие

Manufacturer: We are currently manufacturing, five different models of shovels – the 155-Б, 195-В, 280-B, 290-B, and 295-B.

Customer: Which of the shovels you mentioned is the most popular? Manufacturer: The larger 295-B is rapidly becoming one of the most popular

shovels in the mining industry. It is hard to say which shovel is more popular than another, for the 155-B and 280-B are also used extensively for certain applications.

Customer: It seems to me that each of your shovels is designed to meet a specific production need of a customer. What are some of the features that make the B-E electric mining shovel a great investment?

Manufacturer: I’ve been waiting for you to ask this, question because we feel that the B-E shovel has a lot more long-term, cost saving features than our competition's machines2. We like to highlight to a customer four long-term features. They improve: machine availability, cut maintenance costs and cut rising energy costs.

Customer: Where are B-E’s electric mining shovels manufactured?

Manufacturer: They are manufactured in Glassport, Pennsylvania and South Milwankee, Wisconsin.

COMMENTARY

1.the engineering excellence of this precision excavator – отличное техническое исполнение этого экскаватора

2.than our competition’s machines – чем наши конкурирующие машины

V. Найдите в тексте ответы на вопросы. Ответы прочитайте.

1.What make (марка) of a shovel is mentioned in the text?

2.What features make the B-E electric mining shovel a great investment?

3.Where are the shovels manufactured?

4.What are long-term features of the B-E shovel?

VI. Переведите текст по ролям.

VII. Расскажите по-английски об экскаваторе фирмы В-Е.

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UNIT VI. EXCAVATOR EKG-5А

I. Прочитайте следующие слова и словосочетания. Запомните их.

II. Прочитайте вслух интернациональные слова и переведите их без словаря:

produce, fabricate, lead, design, model, construction, engineering, manufacture, effectively, climate, tropics, control, principal, structure, dynamic, generator, motor, system, special, equalizer, regulation, individual, human, decorative, plastics, position, operator, filter, vision, fan, complete, service, variation.

III. Прочитайте слитно следующие сочетания слов и переведите их на русский язык без словаря:

working & handling heavy rocks; previously broken rock; world known model; canal digging; temperate climate conditions, easily control & maintenance; principal steel constructions; application of high alloy steels; trouble – free operations; under high dynamic loads; sealed cab of the excavator; a set of spare parts; experienced specialists.

IV. Выполните упражнения данные после текста, способствующие извлечению информации.

EXCAVATOR EKG-5А

The quarry excavator EKG-5А produced by the Urals Heavy Machinery Works – the head enterprise of the United Uralmash Works -is designed for excavating and handling heavy rocks previously broken. This is the development for the world-known model EKG-4, 6Б. It is used for open-pit mining in ore, coal and other industries, an well as in canal digging, industrial and railway building, etc. Years of experience devoted to the development and engineering of excavators in the

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USSR have led to the manufacture of the machine working effectively not only under temperate climate conditions, but also in tropics and in the North. The main features offered are simple design, easy control and maintenance, safety in operation of the excavator.

The principal steel structures, viz. the boom, turnable and truck frame1 being fabricated of low-alloy steel rolled stock2 are markedly stronger and permit the excavator to be run under full load in any season of the year. The application of high alloy steels in the manufacture of bucket as well аs in a number of units ensures the trouble-free operation under high dynamic loads.

The D.C. drive employing generator – motor system with power magnetic amplifiers and special temperature equalizer3 provides for stepless regulation of speed and forces as well as for steady ratings of the electric drive. The individual drives available for each mechanism prolong their life and ensure easy control.

The sealed cab of the excavator has been built to meet the requirements of human engineering. The heat and sound insulated walls of the cab are furnished with decorative plastics on the inside. The sent is so designed that it may be fired in any position comfortable for the operator. The unbreakable glasses with sun – ray filter ensure all-round vision for the operator. The fan and electric heaters add to the comfort.

The single-bucket crawler mounted excavator ЭКГ-5А is delivered by heavy units to provide for easy mounting of the units and their interchangeability. Each excavator is furnished complete with the tools, a set of spare parts, certificate and service manual. To suit the customer's requirements4, the excavator mау be manufactured to operate under voltages – 3000 v – for temperate climate; 6000, 3300 & 3000 v – for tropics. The admissible variation of the supply voltage5 should not exceed the values established by GOST 183-74 and GOST 13109-67. The Sovietmade excavator EKG-5А has been manufactured with due regard for the latest scientific and technical achievements. The main advantages of the model offered to you are trouble-free operation, longevity and high working rate. Its annual output is over 2,000,000 m3 of rock.

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COMMENTARY

1.the boom turnable and truck-frame – стрела с поворотной нижней

рамой

2.of low-alloy steel rolled stock – из низколегированного стального

проката

3.the D.С. drive employing generator-motor system with power magnetic amplifiers and special temperature equilizer – электропривод постоянного тока по системе генератор – двигатель с силовыми магнитными усилителями и со специальный устройством температурной компенсации

4.to suit the Customer's requirements – по желанию заказчика

5.the admissible variation of the supply voltage – допустимое колебание напряжения питающей сети

V. Прочитайте первый абзац текста и ответьте на вопросы:

1.What is the quarry excavator ЭКГ-5A used for?

2.In what climate conditions can the excavator work?

3.What are the main features of the excavator?

VI. Переведите второй абзац письменно со словарем.

VII. Переведите третий абзац устно.

VIII. Прочитайте четвертый абзац про себя и расскажите по-русски, как устроена кабина экскаватора.

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IX. Прочитайте про себя пятый абзац и скажите по-английски, что получает покупатель с каждой машиной.

X. Прочитайте техническую характеристику. Сопоставьте описание параметров на английском языке и их русские эквиваленты. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1.Всегда ли совпадает порядок слов?

2.Всегда ли совпадает значение слов?

3.Всегда ли одинаковое количество слов во фразе?

4.Какой вывод о переводе с английского языка на русский вы можете

сделать?

XI. Расскажите по-русски об экскаваторе ЭКГ – 5А.

XII. Переведите текст без словаря.

THE QUARRY EXCAVATOR EKG-4,6 Б

The quarry excavator EKG-4,6 Б produced by the Uralmash works – head enterprise of the "Uralmash" Trust is designed for working and handling heavy rocks previously broken. It is used for open-pit mining in ore, coal and other industries as well as in water power construction, industrial and railway building, etc.

The individual drives available for each unit prolong their life and provide for easy steering (управление).

The main steel structures, viz. the boom, the turnable, the truck frames being fabricated of low-alloy steel rolled stock are markedly stronger and permit the excavator to be run under full load both in summer and in winter. The all-welded arm of bucket can suffer long punishment.

The d.c. drive employing generator-motor system with power magnetic amplifiers and special temperature equalizer ensures stepless regulation of speeds and forces as well as steady ratings of the electric drive. .The application of high-alloy steels in a number of units provides for trouble-free operation under high dynamic loads.

The excavator sealed cab provides maximum comfort for the operator. The walls of the cab are provided with heat and sound insulation and are furnished with decorative plastics inside. The seat is so designed that it may be fixed in any position comfortable for the operator.

СЛОВА К ТЕКСТУ

1.of low-alloy steel rolled stock – из низколегированного стального

проката

2.generator-motor system – по системе генератор-двигатель

3.special temperature equalizer – со специальным устройством температурной компенсации

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UNIT VII. RESENT TRENDS IN DRAGLINE DESIGN

I. Раскройте значение слов левой колонки при помощи синонимов.

IV. Прочитаете вслух интернациональные слова и переведите их без словаря:

design, to assemble, type, part, to form, radius, yard, component, fraction, track, to transport, unique, approximately, contact, equivalent , cubic, stability, modular.

V. Объясните значение префиксов и переведите слова без словаря: preassembly, to disassemble, independent, to reassemble, interсhangеability,

unbreakable.

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VI. Выполните упражнения, данные после текста, способствующие извлечению информации.

RECENT TRENDS IN DRAGLINE DESIGN

The recent trends in dragline design to meet the requirements of mine operators seem to be twofold1. The first is the reduction of time spent in the field to assemble the machine and make it operational. The second trend is to close the gap between crawler type dragline and the walking type dragline as far as boom length and thus operating radius and dumping height are concerned. The trends in bucket sizes seem to be the same as the past years few years with the greatest demands by the mining industry being for 39 to 45-cubic-yard (30 to 35 cubic-meter) capacity units.

The new Bucyrus-Erie 300-D crawler dragline is one example of the mining industry's requirements being satisfied by a manufacturer. The machine design includes preassembly of parts at the plant site to form major components. All components can be delivered to the mine by highway vehicles and assembled in a fraction of the time of conventional units. When stripping is completed at a particular mine, the dragline can be quickly disassembled and transported to the next mine.

The 300-D also has a unique crawler design. Four independent electricpowered crawlers give the dragline better flotation over point loads encountered while traveling and reduces the point contact load of the track and rollers2 from approximately 467,000 to 257,000 pounds. This reduction of loading greatly increases the crawler unit life while reducing maintenance costs. The Bucyrus-Erie engineers designed the 300-D dragline with boom length from 130 to 190 feet which puts it into the gap between the large conventional crawler and smaller walking draglines.

Ransomes & Rapier Limited of England recently designed and marketed a walking dragline, the W700, to fill the previously existing gap between the walking and crawler type draglines. The Rapier W700 is a modular prefabricated machine which is relatively easy to transport to the mine and assemble quickly. Maintenance costs are said to be lower than equivalent crawler type draglines due to the simplicity of the walking draglines’ travel gear. The W700 also has better stability when in the digging mode due to its large ground surface area contact as compared to most crawler type draglines.

The major disadvantage to any walking dragline, however, is its slower speed when moving from place to place as compared to an equivalent sized crawler type dragline. A boom of 140 to 190 feet in length supports the W700’s bucket, from 10 to

17 cubic yards in capacity.

COMMENTARY

1.the recent trends ... seem to be twofold – последнее время … наблюдается две тенденции

2.reduces the point contact load of the track and rollers – уменьшает контактную нагрузку на траки и катки

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VII. Прочитайте первый абзац текста про себя и сделайте следующий тест.

1.То meet the requirements of mine operators in dragline design …

(a)there is one tendency;

(b)there are two trends;

(c)there are three ways.

2.The first way to meet the requirements of the mine operator in dragline design is …

(a)to increase the bucket capacity;

(b)to decrease dumping height;

(c)to reduce the time in the field for assembling the machine.

3.The second trend is …

(a)to increase digging height;

(b)to close the gap between the crawler type dragline and walking type

dragline as far as boom length and operating radius and dumping height are concerned;

(c) to close the gap between the crawler type dragline and talking type dragline as far as the electric drives are concerned.

4.The trends in bucket sizes …

(a)are the sane as few years ago;

(b)have changed completely;

(c)seem to satisfy manufacturers.

VIII. Прочитаете второй абзац текста про себя и ответьте на следующие вопросы по-русски.

1.О какой марке драглайна говорится в этом абзаце?

2.Где производится сборка частей в основные узлы драглайна?

3.Как доставляются основные компоненты на рудник?

4.Где осуществляется окончательная сборка драглайна?

5.В каком виде доставляется драглайн на другое место работы, когда вскрыша окончена?

IX. Прочитайте третий абзац текста про себя и ответьте кратко на следующие вопросы по-английски.

1.What gives the dragline better movement?

2.What increases the dragline unit life?

3.What closes the gap between the large conventional crawler and smaller walking dragline?

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X. Переведите письменно четвертый абзац текста.

XI. Прочитайте пятый абзац текста и расскажите по-английски о недостатках шагающего драглайна.

XII. Составьте описательную аннотацию к данному тексту.

XIII. Прочитайте и переведите текст при помощи словаря.

EXCAVATORS

A compact hydraulic excavator or mini excavator is a tracked or wheeled vehicle with an approximate operating weight from 0.7 to 7.5 tonnes. It generally includes a standard backfill blade and features independent boom swing. The compact hydraulic excavator is also referred to as a mini excavator.

The compact hydraulic excavator is somewhat different from other construction equipment in that all movement and functions of the machine are accomplished through the transfer of hydraulic fluid. The compact excavator's work group and blade are activated by hydraulic fluid acting upon hydraulic cylinders. The excavator's slew (rotation) and travel functions are also activated by hydraulic fluid powering hydraulic motors.

Excavators are used in many ways: a) digging of trenches, holes, foundations; b) material handling; c) brush cutting with hydraulic attachments; d) demolition; e) general grading/landscaping; f) heavy lift, e.g. lifting and placing of pipes; g) mining, especially, but not only open-pit mining; h) river dredging; i) driving piles, in conjunction with a pile driver.

Excavators come in a wide variety of sizes. The smaller ones are called a miniexcavator or compact excavator. One manufacturer's largest model weighs 84,980 kg

(187,360 lb) and has a maximum bucket size of 4.5 m³ (5.9 yd³). The same manufacturer's smallest mini-excavator weighs 1470 kg (3240 lb), has a maximum bucket size of 0.036 m³ (0.048 yd³) and the width of its tracks can be adjusted to

89 cm (35 inches). Another company makes a mini excavator that will fit through a doorway with tracks that can be adjusted to only 70 cm (28 inches) wide.

In recent years, hydraulic excavator capabilities have expanded far beyond excavation tasks with buckets. With the advent of hydraulic powered attachments such as a breaker, a grapple, or an auger, the excavator is frequently used in many applications other than excavation. Many excavators feature quick-attach mounting systems for simplified attachment mounting, increasing the machine's utilization on the jobsite. Excavators are usually employed together with loaders and bulldozers. Most wheeled versions, and smaller, compact excavators have a small backfill (or dozer-) blade. This is a horizontal bulldozer-like blade attached to the undercarriage and is used for pushing removed material back into a hole. Prior to the 1990s, all excavators had a hang over, or “conventional” counterweight that hung off the rear of the machine to provide more digging force and lifting capacity. This became a nuisance in tight turn areas – the machine could not swing the second half of its cycle due to restricted turn radius. In the early 1990s The Komatsu Engineering Company

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launched a new concept excavator line that did away with the "conventional" counterweight design, and so started building the world's first tight tail swing excavators (PC128, PC138, PC228, PC308). These machines are now widely used though out the world.

Excavators are also called diggers and 360-degree excavators, sometimes abbreviated simply to a 360. Tracked excavators are sometimes called trackhoes by analogy to the backhoe. Even though the “back” in backhoe refers to the action of the bucket (which pulls “back” toward the machine) and not the location of the shovel, excavators are also occasionally referred to as fronthoes or even just “hoes”.

In North America, digging excavators are sometimes referred to as “hi-hoes” and often simply as “shovels”. In the UK, wheeled excavators are sometimes known as “rubber ducks”. In Japan, the alias “Yumbo” is a more popular name for excavators. In 1954 after the patent right was obtained from Italy, the French company SICAM produced an excavator model Yumbo S25. SICAM licensed this technology to many companies, such as Drott in the USA, Priestman in the UK, and Mitsubishi in Japan and other countries in the early 1960s. The first excavator from Mitsubishi using this technology was named Yumbo Y35 which was aimed for the international market in 1961. Since then, Yumbo has become the popular name and de facto standard in Japan because of its use in Classified ads even though this is not the formal name there.

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