Английский язык в сфере профессиональной коммуникации. Горные машины. Учебное пособие

environment. The very term "crisis" is not quite accurate. What we see at present are signs of ecological imbalance, which may cause a crisis if due measures are not taken. It is in the 20th century that industry has struck a serious blow to the biosphere. The quantity of industrial waste thrown out in to the atmosphere is estimated as 5.108 tons annually. More than 600 thousand ha are damped by mining workings only. That's why much attention is devoted to environmental protection.

V. Найдите в тексте ответы на вопроса. Ответы прочитайте.

1.What is one of the most important and complex problems facing mankind?

2.What has the biosphere maintained for hundreds of millions of years?

3.What has resulted in an intensification of man's negative influence on the environment?

4.Why has the problem of man and his interaction with the environment become the focal point for many sciences?

5.What does a global ecological crisis mean according to many western scientists?

6.What may cause a "crisis" if due measures are not taken?

7.How many ha are damaged by mining workings only?

VI. Подберите из правой колонки правильный перевод английских слов

VII. Перескажите текст, используя следующие слова и выражения:

1.the most important end complex problems

2.is of crucial importance

3.the vital elements

4.enough to disrupt equilibrium

5.man’s negative influence

6.an inexhaustible source

7.to be of great significance

8.the gradual destruction of the human race

9.a growing threat

10.signs of ecological imbalance

11.industrial waste

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VIII. Обсудите в парах данный вопрос по-английски:

The problem of environmental protection has become an object of growing world concern. Why?

IX. Напишите по-русски аннотацию к тексту.

X. Переведите текст без словаря:

You should know that:

1.The great scientist V. Vernadsky was the first to realize the necessity for quite a new approach to the biosphere. It is his concept of the biosphere that we accept today.

2.Pollutants are not only harmful to health but to buildings as well. Many of the famous buildings are literally eaten away, destroyed by the pollutants and fumes. Great monuments of history and culture are perishing. Take the Parthenon in Greece, for example. Here pollution has managed in 30 years to do more harm than anything else in 2.500 years.

Do you know where the word "ecology" comes from? (It comes from the Greek word "oikos" meaning "house").

Thus ecology is the study of the environment and the ways living things

“house” themselves in it.

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UNIT III. MINING SHOVEL – EKG-20

I. Прочитайте следующие слова и словосочетания. Запомните их:

II. Определите общее значение каждой группы синонимов. Запомните

их.

motion = movement

apply = employ = use = utilize = to find application offer = give

III. Прочитайте текст. Постарайтесь понять его содержание.

MINING SHOVEL – EKG-20

The Urals Heavy Machine Building plant, the leading enterprise of the United Uralmash Works, has designed and produced one of the world's largest crawler mounted mining shovels. The shovel has a nominal dipper capacity of 20 m3. The ЭКГ-20 mining shovel is specially designed for hard-rock digging under the most severe mining and climatic conditions. This aspect has influenced the general arrangement, design of components, the materials employed, and reflected in applying of special systems and devices offering trouble-free operation of the machine at ambient temperatures up to minus 50°C.

The shovel is featuring a rack-and-pinion crowd 1, double-stick dipper handle 2, dual twin rope hoist, crawlers provided with large diameter rollers 3, electrical drives for all main motions. This design gives extra strength and rigidity, highly efficient operation and maneuverability easy control of the flipper.

The mining; shovel model ЭКГ-20 has been engineered based on the last word in technology and science. Sizable operating forces exerted4 and extra efficiency are the primary features offered by the model. Its advent appears to open a new step in the development of Russian heavy excavator building industry.

The first shovel model ЭКГ-20 is used successfully under sever conditions in opencast coal mire "Neriungrinsky", East Siberia. In overburden operations the highly skilled shovel teams have succeeded in yielding 4.000.000 m3 of rock annually, 444500 m3 monthly, and 27,400 m3 daily.

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COMMENTARY

1.a rack-and-pinion crowd – полноповоротная прямая лопата с реечным напором

2.double-stick dipper handle – двухбалочная рукоять

3.crawlers provided with large diameter rollers – экскаваторы с малоопорным гусеничным ходом

4.sizable operating forces exerted – значительные рабочие усилия

IV. Найдите в тексте ответы на вопросы. Ответы прочитайте.

1.What types of shovels does the leading enterprise Uralmash produce?

2.What dipper capacity has the shovel?

3.For what conditions is the shovel ЭКГ-20 designed?

4.What aspect has influenced the general arrangement, design, of components and the material employed?

5.What are the main features of the shovel ЭКГ-20?

6.What technology and science was the mining shovel model ЭКГ-20 based

on?

7.Where is the first shovel model ЭКГ-20 being used now?

8.What output do the highly skilled teams reach annually, monthly and daily?

V. Переведите текст на русский язык.

VI. Подберите из правой колонки правильный перевод английских слов

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VII. Прочитайте и переведите текст при помощи данных слов.

MODIFICATIONS OF EKG EXCAVATORS

Crawler-mounted open-mine excavators are intended for mining, transferring ore and dumping open-cast rock to transport vehicles, as well as for refuse disposal and ore handling operations in storages and in continuous flow production cycles.

Depending on hardness category of developed rock, the development can be carried out either without pre-loosening or with blast pre-loosening.

Different excavator modifications exist for different climatic conditions. All excavator mechanisms are complete technological units, this allows modular excavator repair.

The design concept of open-mine excavators is based on double-girder dipper stick and rack crowd.

EKG-5А excavator is the basic model incorporating many years of designing and operating experience. This is the smallest model within the size range and, at the same time, the model which most design versions are based on. EKG-5А features simple design, reliability, long service life time, easy control, stepless speed control.

EKG-5В. The excavator bucket features built-in pneumatic percussion teeth, which automatically activate when digging resistance increases. It facilitates rock disintegration during excavating, enables excavation of fractured rock and low-to- medium-hardness coal without blast pre-loosening. Usage of the model is reasonable in case drilling and blasting operations are impossible due to ecological or other reasons.

EKG-5Д. The excavator is equipped with diesel engines driving DC generators which, in turn, supply power to motors of main mechanisms. This allows mining, transferring ore and dumping open-cast rock to transport vehicles in absence of power lines. A remote control system sends diesel operation data to operator’s cab.

EKG-5А-US. The excavator with increased linear parameters of working equipment is intended to develop higher working faces. The machine is capable of dumping rock into large dump trucks of 75 to 110 ton capacity. EKG-5А-US excavator and its modifications are supplied to the customer in pre-assembled modules, which simplifies erection procedures.

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EKG-12 excavator is the basic model with high performance, wide technological capabilities and operational reliability. The machine meets highest customer's requirements.

The following modifications are based on EKG-12:

EKG-12В is intended for mining without drilling and blasting operations. It features a bucket with built-in pneumatic percussion teeth. The use of ЭКГ-12В makes it possible to considerably reduce or completely eliminate drilling and blasting operations and related expenditures, as well as solve the problem of environmental protection.

EKG-9 US is equipped with lengthened working equipment.

EKG-20А excavator is the basic model of high-power and efficient machines for operation in difficult mining, geological and climatic conditions.

Both EKG-12 and EKG-20А are large open-mine power shovel models. A high-power rack crowd and rigid double-girder dipper stick make those excavators indispensable when developing heavy rocky ground.

Design features:

a)rack crowding gear with double-girder dipper stick and all-welded boxsection boom ensure efficient development of hard rocky working faces with lumpy or incompletely blown rock;

b)cable bucket hoist without pulley block with automatic load leveling between hoisting rope runs;

c)cast-and-welded bucket with self-tightening tooth fastening. Free-falling bucket bottom with straddled hinges prevents dynamic contact with dipper stick;

d)boom-hoisting winches that simplify erection and repair;

e)ventilating and filtering units for purification of the air injected into the machine housing and for creating excessive air pressure inside the housing;

f)shoe brakes for main mechanisms with pneumatic drives for brake releasing;

g)double-crawler undercarriage. Open crawler tracks with few supports and separate drive systems for each crawler simplify inspection and repair. Drive wheels with replaceable cams are raised to free them from support reactions. Built-in hydraulic cylinders facilitate caterpillar belt tightening. Driving motors feature forced ventilation systems;

h)main excavator metalwork is fabricated out of alloy steel, boom and dipper stick are made out of high-strength steel. Excavators are fitted with cable winches with supply cable capacity of 250 m;

i)main excavator mechanisms feature an individual controlled-velocity electric motor and digital control system;

j)automatic lubrication system minimizes maintenance expenditures during operation.

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UNIT IV. MINING SHOVEL EKG-20 (continued)

I. Прочитайте текст об устройстве экскаватора ЭКГ-20. Сопоставьте английский текст с адекватным русским переводом.

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II. Сопоставив предложения на английском языке и их русские эквиваленты, сделайте вывод о переводе группы существительных.

III. Ответьте на вопросы:

1.How many cabs has the shovel ЭКГ-20?

2.What are the cabs equipped with?

3.For what purpose is a diesel generator power unit used?

4.What does a welding unit and hoisting devices facilitate?

5.What can you say about the use of the thyrister converter?

6.What gives a high maneuverability to the shovel?

IV. Найдите русские эквиваленты следующим английским терминам:

V. Подготовьте краткое высказывание о преимуществах экскаватора ЭКГ-20 на английском языке (не менее 8-9 предложений), используя данные слова и словосочетания:

1.one of the world’s largest crawler – mounted mining shovels;

2.nominal dipper capacity;

3.to offer trouble – free operation;

4.to be used successfully;

5.to be furnished with;

6.to be equipped with;

7.the emergency lightning and heating system;

8.use of the thyristor converter;

9.to be proved with;

10.a tail-cable drum;

11.digging and moving.

VI. Сделайте русский перевод текста, не пользуясь русским переводом.

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UNIT V. BUCYRUS-ERIE MINING SHOVELS

I. Прочитайте следующие слова. Постарайтесь их запомнить.

II. Докажите, что следующие слова являются родственными. Можно ли, зная только одно слово, перевести все остальные, не пользуясь словарем? Что для этого нужно?

produce, producer, production, productive, productivity, productively, producing, produced.

III. Прочитайте слитно следующие сочетаний слов. Переводите их на русский язык без словаря.

1.to gain new friends all over the world

2.to play important roles

3.to meet specific production need

4.to improve mining shovels

5.to cut maintenance costs

6.to cut rising energy costs

7.to make up the electric shovel line

8.to manufacture mining shovel

IV. Прочитайте диалог по ролям вслух. Постарайтесь понять его содержание.

BUCYRUS-ERIE MINING SHOVELS

Manufacturer: Bucyrus-Erie’s electric mining shovels are gaining new friends all over the world in surface mining applications. The engineering excellence of this precision excavator1 has evolved from 94 years of manufacturing and field experience.

Customer: It is known that thousands of Bucyrus-Erie mining shovels have played important roles in the growth of modern civilization.

Manufacturer: The popularity of this excavator can best be explained by the quality design, the mechanical features and the benefits to owners that B-E has incorporated in its line of mining shovels.

Customer: How many different models make up the B-E electric shovel line?

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