Английский язык в сфере менеджмента. Учебное пособие
.pdfto empower – давать возможность
to emphasize – придавать особое значение; подчёркивать, акцентировать extrinsic – внешний; поступающий извне
external – внешний
extent – мера, степень, рамки, пределы expensive – дорогой
executives – руководители
executive chairman – исполнительный директор exception – исключение
evaluation – оценка
entrepreneurship – предпринимательская деятельность entrepreneur – бизнесмен, делец, предприниматель entitlement – название; наименование
enormous – огромный
engagement – участие, обязательство employees – сотрудники, работники employee – работник
elimination – устранение
F
frustration – чувство разочарования, неудовлетворённости frequently – часто
former – прежний, первый forecasting – прогноз
flourishing – процветающий, преуспевающий flexibility – гибкость, мобильность
fit – соответствие
first-line management – менеджеры нижнего звена fast-paced – быстроидущий
to fulfill – реализовывать
to fit together– подходить друг другу to favor – одобрять
G
government agencies – государственные учреждения goods – товары
glimpse – беглый взгляд, беглое знакомство a graduate – выпускник
to grease – наносить смазку, смазывать (механическое оборудование и.т.п.)
H human resources areas – кадровые сферы hiring practices – практики найма hierarchy – иерархия
herdsman – пастух, скотник
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hard-charging – жесткий to host – принимать гостей
to hire – нанимать, предоставлять работу
I
to involve – включать в себя to inspire – вдохновлять
to implement – выполнять, осуществлять to impact – оказывать влияние
issue – проблема; дело; тема
inventory – инвентаризация, учёт товара interest rate – процентная ставка instance – пример
initiative – инициатива initially – изначально
influential – влиятельный, важный indentured servants – подневольные работники increasingly – все чаще
incentive wages – стимулирующая заработная плата in terms of – с точки зрения
in addition to – в дополнение
L
loan – заём, ссуда livestock – домашний скот
liaison role – роль связующего звена lever – рычаг, средство воздействия latter – последний, поздний
M
more recently – в последнее время moderate – умеренный
middle management – менеджеры среднего звена mentoring – наставничество
matter – вопрос, дело market – рынок
managerial insights – управленческие идеи to maintain – поддерживать
N
nimble – живой, подвижный, гибкий (об уме) сообразительный, находчивый (о человеке)
negotiations – переговоры
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O
owner – владелец overall – в целом output – продукция
opportunity – шанс, возможность opportunities – возможности officer – служащий
oceangoing trade – морская торговля obsolescence – устаревание obligation – обязанность
to offer – предлагать
P
to pursue – cледовать намеченному курсу, добиваться to purchase – покупать
to provide – предоставлять
to propel – двигать, побуждать, стимулировать, толкать proximity – схожесть, близость
proprietor – собственник, владелец processing – обработка
primarily – первоначально previous – предыдущий
precision – точность; чёткость, аккуратность; правильность определённость, отчётливость; ясность
pottery – керамические изделия position – должность
point – смысл
perseverance – настойчивость, упорство permanently – постоянно
performance standards – стандарты эффективности peers – коллеги
pattern – образец, модель
R
to run out – кончаться, иссякать to respond to – реагировать
to resemble – походить, иметь сходство to require – требовать
to require – требовать
to rely upon – полагаться на
to reciprocate – отплачивать (услугой за услугу и т. п.) to receive – получать
roots – корни
reward – награда; денежное вознаграждение, премия revenue – доход
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retailing – розничная торговля responsibility – ответственность responsibilities – обязанности remarkably – весьма, существенно
rank-and-file employees – рядовые сотрудники
S
survey – опрос, анкетирование supplier – поставщик supervisors – руководители superiors – начальство
superficially – неглубоко, поверхностно succession – преемственность; наследование substantial – достаточный (по количеству) subordinate – подчинённый
stonecutter – каменотёс (рабочий по обтёске камня)
status quo – статус-кво – «возврат к исходному состоянию» stake-holder – участник совместного дела
sophisticated – сложный
solvent – юр. платёжеспособный; кредитоспособный slave – раб
signage – вывески; таблички; знаки и обозначения shareholder – акционер
scope – масштаб, предел, размах scholars – ученые
to suggest – предполагать to suggest – предлагать
to strive – стараться, пытаться стремиться, прилагать усилия to store – хранить
to spot trends – выявлять тенденции
T
thorough – полный, основательный
termination – освобождение от занимаемой должности, увольнение talent pool – кадровый резерв
to thrive – благоденствовать; преуспевать; процветать trait – характерная черта, особенность
Tom's of Maine – торговая марка и компания-производитель натуральных средств личной гигиены
U
unemployment – безработица uncertain – неопределённый; неясный
to undertake – предпринимать,совершать
V
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venture – рискованное предприятие, рискованное начинание vast – обширный
variety – ассортимент, разнообразие values – ценности
vacation – отпуск
to vest – наделять (правом), давать права to vary – различаться
W worth – ценность, значение, значимость with respect to – относительно
with regard to – по отношению к, в отношении weaver – ткач; ткачиха
warehouse – товарный склад wage – заработная плата
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APPENDIX 1
GRAMMAR REFERENCE
1. THE NOUN
The usual way to pluralize nouns is to add the ending -(e)s to the singular form: book – books, facility – facilities.
The possessive case of a noun in the singular is formed by adding an apostrophe and the letter s (-'s) to the form of the noun in the common case: student – student's.
If a plural noun does not have the ending -s, then the possessive case of such a noun is formed by adding 's, i.e., in the same way as for singular nouns: children's voices голоса детей (tab. А1.1).
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Table А1.1 |
Plural Nouns |
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Rules |
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Examples |
noun, ends in consonant sound or vowel e + c |
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dog – dogs |
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name – names |
noun ends in |
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kiss – kisses |
ss, х, sh, ch, о+es |
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box – boxes |
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brush – brushes |
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church – churches |
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tomato – tomatoes |
noun ends in у , with prior consonant +es |
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baby – babies |
nouns that have the same form in the singular |
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deer – deer |
and plural |
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sheep – sheep |
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swine – swine |
nouns ends in f/fe, change them in the plural |
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wolf – wolves |
form in v + es |
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wife – wives |
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knife – knives |
plural nouns that change vowel in the root |
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man – men |
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woman – women |
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tooth – teeth |
nouns having only plural form |
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trousers, glasses, |
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clothes, spectacles, |
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scissors, goods |
nouns having only singular form |
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sugar, milk, money |
nouns child и ох change |
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child – children |
singular to plural by adding a new ending |
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ox – oxen |
2. THE ADJECTIVE
An adjective is a part of speech that expresses the quality or property of an object (phenomenon, person). Adjectives in English do not change by gender, number and case (tab. А1.2, А1.3):
a new book
a new building a new house new houses
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Table А1.2 |
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Degrees of comparison of adjectives |
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Superlative degree |
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Initial form |
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Comparative degree |
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One-syllable adjectives |
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newest |
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New |
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Newer |
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Polysyllabic adjectives |
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most beautiful |
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Beautiful |
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more beautiful |
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Exceptions |
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best |
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good |
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Better |
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bad |
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worse |
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worst |
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far (for distance) |
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farther |
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farthest |
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far (for time and distance) |
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further |
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furthest |
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near (for distance) |
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nearer |
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nearest |
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Table А1.3 |
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Degrees of comparison of adjectives |
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Positive degree |
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Comparative degree |
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Superlative degree |
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one-syllable adverbs |
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Hard |
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Harder |
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hardest |
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for all other adverbs |
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Beautifully |
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more |
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most |
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beautifully |
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beautifully |
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Exceptions |
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Well |
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better |
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best |
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badly |
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worse |
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worst |
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far |
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farther |
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farthest |
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little |
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less |
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least |
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much |
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more |
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most |
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3. THE NUMERAL
In English, as well as in Russian, numerals are divided into cardinal numbers and ordinal numbers (tab. А1.4).
Table А1.4
Formation of numerals
Cardinal numerals
1 |
one |
19 |
nineteen |
2 |
two |
20 |
twenty |
3 |
three |
21 |
twenty one |
4 |
four |
22 |
twenty two |
5 |
five |
30 |
thirty |
6 |
six |
40 |
forty |
7 |
seven |
50 |
fifty |
8 |
eight |
60 |
sixty |
9 |
nine |
70 |
seventy |
10 |
ten |
80 |
eighty |
11 |
eleven |
90 |
ninety |
12 |
twelve |
100 |
one hundred |
13 |
thirteen |
101 |
one hundred and one |
14 |
fourteen |
200 |
two hundred |
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Continuation tab. А1.4 |
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Cardinal numerals |
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15 |
fifteen |
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1000 |
one thousand |
16 |
sixteen |
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1001 |
one thousand and one |
17 |
seventeen |
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18 |
eighteen |
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1000000 |
one million |
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Ordinal numerals |
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1 |
first |
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17 |
seventeenth |
2 |
second |
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18 |
eighteenth |
3 |
third |
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19 |
nineteenth |
4 |
fourth |
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20 |
twentieth |
5 |
fifth |
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21 |
twenty-first |
6 |
sixth |
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30 |
thirtieth |
7 |
seventh |
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40 |
fortieth |
8 |
eighth |
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50 |
fiftieth |
9 |
ninth |
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60 |
sixtieth |
10 |
tenth |
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70 |
seventieth |
11 |
eleventh |
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80 |
eightieth |
12 |
twelfth |
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90 |
ninetieth |
13 |
thirteenth |
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100 |
hundredth |
14 |
fourteenth |
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101 |
hundred and first |
15 |
fifteenth |
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121 |
hundred and twenty first |
16 |
sixteenth |
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1000 |
thousandth |
4. THE PRONOUN
A pronoun is a part of speech used in a sentence instead of a noun or adjective, less often an adverb. The pronoun does not name a person, sign or object, but only addresses us to it (already mentioned earlier): Ann asked Peter a question. He answered her.
There are different categories of pronouns in English: personal, possessive, indefinite, reflexive, demonstrative, interrogative, reciprocal and negative (tab. А1.5).
Table А1.5
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Pronouns |
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Personal pronouns |
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Nominative case |
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Objective case |
I |
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me |
you |
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you |
he |
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him |
she |
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her |
it |
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it |
we |
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us |
you |
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you |
they |
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them |
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Possessive |
pronouns |
Singular |
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Plural |
my – mine |
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our – ours |
your – yours |
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your – yours |
his – his |
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their – theirs |
her – hers |
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its – its |
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Continuation tab. А1.5 |
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Indefinite pronouns |
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Simple |
Compound |
all, both, few, one, either, any, |
anybody, anything, everybody, |
every, many, some, neither, |
everything, somebody, something, anyone, |
each, little, much, several |
everyone, someone |
Reflexive |
pronouns |
Singular |
Plural |
myself, yourself |
ourselves |
himself, herself |
yourselves |
itself |
themselves |
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Demonstrative pronouns |
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Pronoun |
Cases of using |
Example |
this – these |
used when it's about close located |
This is our house |
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subject or items |
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indicates something related to the |
Why don't you come and see me |
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present |
some time. How about this Sunday? |
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points to the next statement |
This is what she said |
that – those |
used, when it comes to remote items |
That is our school |
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or persons |
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indicates something related to the past |
I was very hungry that day |
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points to the previous statement |
Is that all you wanted to say? |
such |
with countable nouns in the singular |
Shaggy is such a clever dog |
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with countable nouns in the plural |
I have never seen such beautiful |
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roses |
Same |
used with definite article |
Read the same phrase once more |
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Interrogative pronouns |
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Pronoun |
Cases of using |
Example |
Who |
used in relation to people without |
Who is here? |
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distinction of gender and numbers |
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Whom |
used as direct or prepositional object |
Whom did you see there? |
Whose |
used as adjective |
Whose car do you prefer to go in? |
What |
used as a noun or adjective |
What are those strange objects in |
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the distance? |
Which |
used as a noun or adjective |
Which bus must I take for the zoo? |
how much |
used as a noun or adjective but only |
How much time do you need? |
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with uncountable nouns |
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how many |
used as a noun or adjective but only |
How many boys took part in the |
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with countable nouns |
concert? |
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Reciprocal pronouns |
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each other |
used talking about two persons |
Kate and Nick saw each other |
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every evening |
one another |
used, when you mean |
The five pupies liked one another |
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more than two persons |
very much |
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Negative pronouns |
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nobody, no one |
used with animated items |
There was nobody in the room |
nothing |
used with inanimate items |
I know nothing about it |
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5. THE VERB
A verb is a part of speech that denotes an action or state of a person or object:
My brother works at a factory. Не slept for six hours.
The verb answers questions: what does the person (thing) do?, what is done to the person (thing)?
Verbs are simple and derivative.
Simple verbs have neither prefixes nor suffixes: to do, to run, and to take. Derived verbs include suffixes or prefixes: to discharge, to shorten.
Some verbs in English are compound (complex).
They are made up of two words that form one concept: to whitewash, to broadcast. The most common type of compound verbs is a combination of verbs with prepositions and adverbs: to come in, to take off, to go on, and to calm down. In the tables below temporal forms of the verb are given, indefinite tenses and their features in use and formation (tab. A1.6, A1.7).
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Table А1.6 |
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Temporal forms of the verb |
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Indefinite Forms |
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Present Tense |
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Continuous Forms |
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Past Tense |
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Perfect Forms |
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Future Tense |
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Perfect-Continuous Forms |
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Future in the Past |
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Table А1.7 |
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Indefinite Tenses |
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Name |
Meaning |
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Example |
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Present Indefinite |
expresses action or condition relat- |
We go to school every day |
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Tense |
ing to by now, but not happening at |
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the moment of speech |
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Past Indefinite |
expresses an action that happened |
I wrote a letter yesterday |
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Tense |
in the past and has nothing to do |
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with the present |
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Future Indefinite |
expresses an action |
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Tomorrow I shall go to the |
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Tense |
which will happen in the future |
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cinema |
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Future Indefinite |
used in indirect some speech person |
I thought that I should see |
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in the Past |
related to the future |
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you at the party |
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6. THE VERB to be
The meaning of the verb to be is "to exist". Unlike other English verbs, the verb to be is conjugated (i.e. changes in persons and numbers) (tab. А1.8).
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