Добавил:
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:

Английский язык в сфере менеджмента. Учебное пособие

.pdf
Скачиваний:
0
Добавлен:
12.08.2026
Размер:
987 Кб
Скачать

to empower – давать возможность

to emphasize – придавать особое значение; подчёркивать, акцентировать extrinsic – внешний; поступающий извне

external – внешний

extent – мера, степень, рамки, пределы expensive – дорогой

executives – руководители

executive chairman – исполнительный директор exception – исключение

evaluation – оценка

entrepreneurship – предпринимательская деятельность entrepreneur – бизнесмен, делец, предприниматель entitlement – название; наименование

enormous – огромный

engagement – участие, обязательство employees – сотрудники, работники employee – работник

elimination – устранение

F

frustration – чувство разочарования, неудовлетворённости frequently – часто

former – прежний, первый forecasting – прогноз

flourishing – процветающий, преуспевающий flexibility – гибкость, мобильность

fit – соответствие

first-line management – менеджеры нижнего звена fast-paced – быстроидущий

to fulfill – реализовывать

to fit together– подходить друг другу to favor – одобрять

G

government agencies – государственные учреждения goods – товары

glimpse – беглый взгляд, беглое знакомство a graduate – выпускник

to grease – наносить смазку, смазывать (механическое оборудование и.т.п.)

H human resources areas – кадровые сферы hiring practices – практики найма hierarchy – иерархия

herdsman – пастух, скотник

61

hard-charging – жесткий to host – принимать гостей

to hire – нанимать, предоставлять работу

I

to involve – включать в себя to inspire – вдохновлять

to implement – выполнять, осуществлять to impact – оказывать влияние

issue – проблема; дело; тема

inventory – инвентаризация, учёт товара interest rate – процентная ставка instance – пример

initiative – инициатива initially – изначально

influential – влиятельный, важный indentured servants – подневольные работники increasingly – все чаще

incentive wages – стимулирующая заработная плата in terms of – с точки зрения

in addition to – в дополнение

L

loan – заём, ссуда livestock – домашний скот

liaison role – роль связующего звена lever – рычаг, средство воздействия latter – последний, поздний

M

more recently – в последнее время moderate – умеренный

middle management – менеджеры среднего звена mentoring – наставничество

matter – вопрос, дело market – рынок

managerial insights – управленческие идеи to maintain – поддерживать

N

nimble – живой, подвижный, гибкий (об уме) сообразительный, находчивый (о человеке)

negotiations – переговоры

62

O

owner – владелец overall – в целом output – продукция

opportunity – шанс, возможность opportunities – возможности officer – служащий

oceangoing trade – морская торговля obsolescence – устаревание obligation – обязанность

to offer – предлагать

P

to pursue – cледовать намеченному курсу, добиваться to purchase – покупать

to provide – предоставлять

to propel – двигать, побуждать, стимулировать, толкать proximity – схожесть, близость

proprietor – собственник, владелец processing – обработка

primarily – первоначально previous – предыдущий

precision – точность; чёткость, аккуратность; правильность определённость, отчётливость; ясность

pottery – керамические изделия position – должность

point – смысл

perseverance – настойчивость, упорство permanently – постоянно

performance standards – стандарты эффективности peers – коллеги

pattern – образец, модель

R

to run out – кончаться, иссякать to respond to – реагировать

to resemble – походить, иметь сходство to require – требовать

to require – требовать

to rely upon – полагаться на

to reciprocate – отплачивать (услугой за услугу и т. п.) to receive – получать

roots – корни

reward – награда; денежное вознаграждение, премия revenue – доход

63

retailing – розничная торговля responsibility – ответственность responsibilities – обязанности remarkably – весьма, существенно

rank-and-file employees – рядовые сотрудники

S

survey – опрос, анкетирование supplier – поставщик supervisors – руководители superiors – начальство

superficially – неглубоко, поверхностно succession – преемственность; наследование substantial – достаточный (по количеству) subordinate – подчинённый

stonecutter – каменотёс (рабочий по обтёске камня)

status quo – статус-кво – «возврат к исходному состоянию» stake-holder – участник совместного дела

sophisticated – сложный

solvent – юр. платёжеспособный; кредитоспособный slave – раб

signage – вывески; таблички; знаки и обозначения shareholder – акционер

scope – масштаб, предел, размах scholars – ученые

to suggest – предполагать to suggest – предлагать

to strive – стараться, пытаться стремиться, прилагать усилия to store – хранить

to spot trends – выявлять тенденции

T

thorough – полный, основательный

termination – освобождение от занимаемой должности, увольнение talent pool – кадровый резерв

to thrive – благоденствовать; преуспевать; процветать trait – характерная черта, особенность

Tom's of Maine – торговая марка и компания-производитель натуральных средств личной гигиены

U

unemployment – безработица uncertain – неопределённый; неясный

to undertake – предпринимать,совершать

V

64

venture – рискованное предприятие, рискованное начинание vast – обширный

variety – ассортимент, разнообразие values – ценности

vacation – отпуск

to vest – наделять (правом), давать права to vary – различаться

W worth – ценность, значение, значимость with respect to – относительно

with regard to – по отношению к, в отношении weaver – ткач; ткачиха

warehouse – товарный склад wage – заработная плата

65

APPENDIX 1

GRAMMAR REFERENCE

1. THE NOUN

The usual way to pluralize nouns is to add the ending -(e)s to the singular form: book – books, facility – facilities.

The possessive case of a noun in the singular is formed by adding an apostrophe and the letter s (-'s) to the form of the noun in the common case: student – student's.

If a plural noun does not have the ending -s, then the possessive case of such a noun is formed by adding 's, i.e., in the same way as for singular nouns: children's voices голоса детей (tab. А1.1).

 

 

Table А1.1

Plural Nouns

 

Rules

 

Examples

noun, ends in consonant sound or vowel e + c

 

dog – dogs

 

 

name – names

noun ends in

 

kiss – kisses

ss, х, sh, ch, о+es

 

box – boxes

 

 

brush – brushes

 

 

church – churches

 

 

tomato – tomatoes

noun ends in у , with prior consonant +es

 

baby – babies

nouns that have the same form in the singular

 

deer – deer

and plural

 

sheep – sheep

 

 

swine – swine

nouns ends in f/fe, change them in the plural

 

wolf – wolves

form in v + es

 

wife – wives

 

 

knife – knives

plural nouns that change vowel in the root

 

man – men

 

 

woman – women

 

 

tooth – teeth

nouns having only plural form

 

trousers, glasses,

 

 

clothes, spectacles,

 

 

scissors, goods

nouns having only singular form

 

sugar, milk, money

nouns child и ох change

 

child – children

singular to plural by adding a new ending

 

ox – oxen

2. THE ADJECTIVE

An adjective is a part of speech that expresses the quality or property of an object (phenomenon, person). Adjectives in English do not change by gender, number and case (tab. А1.2, А1.3):

a new book

a new building a new house new houses

66

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table А1.2

 

 

Degrees of comparison of adjectives

 

Superlative degree

 

Initial form

 

 

Comparative degree

 

 

 

 

 

One-syllable adjectives

 

newest

 

New

 

 

Newer

 

 

 

 

 

Polysyllabic adjectives

 

most beautiful

 

Beautiful

 

 

more beautiful

 

 

 

 

 

 

Exceptions

 

best

 

good

 

 

Better

 

 

 

bad

 

 

worse

 

 

worst

 

far (for distance)

 

 

farther

 

farthest

 

far (for time and distance)

 

 

further

 

furthest

 

near (for distance)

 

 

nearer

 

nearest

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table А1.3

 

 

Degrees of comparison of adjectives

 

 

 

 

 

Positive degree

 

Comparative degree

 

Superlative degree

one-syllable adverbs

 

 

Hard

 

 

Harder

 

hardest

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

for all other adverbs

 

 

Beautifully

 

more

 

most

 

 

 

 

 

 

beautifully

 

beautifully

Exceptions

 

 

Well

 

 

better

 

best

 

 

 

badly

 

 

worse

 

worst

 

 

 

far

 

 

farther

 

farthest

 

 

 

little

 

 

less

 

least

 

 

 

much

 

 

more

 

most

3. THE NUMERAL

In English, as well as in Russian, numerals are divided into cardinal numbers and ordinal numbers (tab. А1.4).

Table А1.4

Formation of numerals

Cardinal numerals

1

one

19

nineteen

2

two

20

twenty

3

three

21

twenty one

4

four

22

twenty two

5

five

30

thirty

6

six

40

forty

7

seven

50

fifty

8

eight

60

sixty

9

nine

70

seventy

10

ten

80

eighty

11

eleven

90

ninety

12

twelve

100

one hundred

13

thirteen

101

one hundred and one

14

fourteen

200

two hundred

67

 

 

 

 

Continuation tab. А1.4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cardinal numerals

 

15

fifteen

 

1000

one thousand

16

sixteen

 

1001

one thousand and one

17

seventeen

 

 

 

18

eighteen

 

1000000

one million

 

 

Ordinal numerals

 

1

first

 

17

seventeenth

2

second

 

18

eighteenth

3

third

 

19

nineteenth

4

fourth

 

20

twentieth

5

fifth

 

21

twenty-first

6

sixth

 

30

thirtieth

7

seventh

 

40

fortieth

8

eighth

 

50

fiftieth

9

ninth

 

60

sixtieth

10

tenth

 

70

seventieth

11

eleventh

 

80

eightieth

12

twelfth

 

90

ninetieth

13

thirteenth

 

100

hundredth

14

fourteenth

 

101

hundred and first

15

fifteenth

 

121

hundred and twenty first

16

sixteenth

 

1000

thousandth

4. THE PRONOUN

A pronoun is a part of speech used in a sentence instead of a noun or adjective, less often an adverb. The pronoun does not name a person, sign or object, but only addresses us to it (already mentioned earlier): Ann asked Peter a question. He answered her.

There are different categories of pronouns in English: personal, possessive, indefinite, reflexive, demonstrative, interrogative, reciprocal and negative (tab. А1.5).

Table А1.5

 

Pronouns

 

Personal pronouns

Nominative case

 

Objective case

I

 

me

you

 

you

he

 

him

she

 

her

it

 

it

we

 

us

you

 

you

they

 

them

 

Possessive

pronouns

Singular

 

Plural

my – mine

 

our – ours

your – yours

 

your – yours

his – his

 

their – theirs

her – hers

 

 

its – its

 

 

68

 

Continuation tab. А1.5

 

 

Indefinite pronouns

Simple

Compound

all, both, few, one, either, any,

anybody, anything, everybody,

every, many, some, neither,

everything, somebody, something, anyone,

each, little, much, several

everyone, someone

Reflexive

pronouns

Singular

Plural

myself, yourself

ourselves

himself, herself

yourselves

itself

themselves

 

Demonstrative pronouns

Pronoun

Cases of using

Example

this – these

used when it's about close located

This is our house

 

subject or items

 

 

indicates something related to the

Why don't you come and see me

 

present

some time. How about this Sunday?

 

points to the next statement

This is what she said

that – those

used, when it comes to remote items

That is our school

 

or persons

 

 

indicates something related to the past

I was very hungry that day

 

points to the previous statement

Is that all you wanted to say?

such

with countable nouns in the singular

Shaggy is such a clever dog

 

with countable nouns in the plural

I have never seen such beautiful

 

 

roses

Same

used with definite article

Read the same phrase once more

 

Interrogative pronouns

 

Pronoun

Cases of using

Example

Who

used in relation to people without

Who is here?

 

distinction of gender and numbers

 

Whom

used as direct or prepositional object

Whom did you see there?

Whose

used as adjective

Whose car do you prefer to go in?

What

used as a noun or adjective

What are those strange objects in

 

 

the distance?

Which

used as a noun or adjective

Which bus must I take for the zoo?

how much

used as a noun or adjective but only

How much time do you need?

 

with uncountable nouns

 

how many

used as a noun or adjective but only

How many boys took part in the

 

with countable nouns

concert?

 

Reciprocal pronouns

 

each other

used talking about two persons

Kate and Nick saw each other

 

 

every evening

one another

used, when you mean

The five pupies liked one another

 

more than two persons

very much

 

Negative pronouns

 

nobody, no one

used with animated items

There was nobody in the room

nothing

used with inanimate items

I know nothing about it

69

5. THE VERB

A verb is a part of speech that denotes an action or state of a person or object:

My brother works at a factory. Не slept for six hours.

The verb answers questions: what does the person (thing) do?, what is done to the person (thing)?

Verbs are simple and derivative.

Simple verbs have neither prefixes nor suffixes: to do, to run, and to take. Derived verbs include suffixes or prefixes: to discharge, to shorten.

Some verbs in English are compound (complex).

They are made up of two words that form one concept: to whitewash, to broadcast. The most common type of compound verbs is a combination of verbs with prepositions and adverbs: to come in, to take off, to go on, and to calm down. In the tables below temporal forms of the verb are given, indefinite tenses and their features in use and formation (tab. A1.6, A1.7).

 

 

 

 

Table А1.6

 

Temporal forms of the verb

 

Indefinite Forms

 

Present Tense

Continuous Forms

 

Past Tense

Perfect Forms

 

Future Tense

Perfect-Continuous Forms

 

Future in the Past

 

 

 

 

Table А1.7

 

Indefinite Tenses

 

 

Name

Meaning

 

Example

Present Indefinite

expresses action or condition relat-

We go to school every day

Tense

ing to by now, but not happening at

 

 

the moment of speech

 

 

Past Indefinite

expresses an action that happened

I wrote a letter yesterday

Tense

in the past and has nothing to do

 

 

with the present

 

 

Future Indefinite

expresses an action

 

Tomorrow I shall go to the

Tense

which will happen in the future

 

cinema

Future Indefinite

used in indirect some speech person

I thought that I should see

in the Past

related to the future

 

you at the party

 

 

 

 

 

6. THE VERB to be

The meaning of the verb to be is "to exist". Unlike other English verbs, the verb to be is conjugated (i.e. changes in persons and numbers) (tab. А1.8).

70

Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]