Английский язык в сфере менеджмента. Учебное пособие

Ex. 4. Find the following words and word combinations in the text.

1.координировать труд

2.относительно новая область

3.размер и сложность конструкций

4.семь чудес древнего мира

5.выполнять план

6.управлять империями

7.военная история

8.повлияли труды

9.римский полководец

10.некоторое время

11.стиль управления

12.прежде, до

13.принудительный труд

14.несмотря на

15.на протяжении веков

16.мораль менялась

17.древние корни

18.используются в производстве

19.в свою очередь

20.способствовать развитию

21.отдельная область

22.расширить торговлю

23.товар или услуга

24.торговая культура

25.требовала координации

26.Ближний Восток

27.необходимость формальных правил

28.делали большие шаги

29.королевские гробницы

30.необыкновенные строители

31.сложность превышалась

32.широкий спектр

33.толкать и тянуть

34.справляться с большим количеством

35.принимать решения

36.разделение труда

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Ex. 5. Match the following terms with their definitions.

A the process of teaching or learning, especially in a school or college

B a situation, person, or thing that needs attention and needs to be dealt with or solved

C a change in the way a country is governed, usually to a different political system

D the control and organization of something

E a large company or group of companies that is controlled together as a single organization

F the activity of buying and selling, or exchanging, goods and/or services between people or countries

G a group of countries ruled by a single person, government, or country H a particular amount of money that is paid, usually every week, to an

employee, especially one who does work that needs physical skills or strength, rather than a job needing a college education

I items for sale, or possessions that can be moved

J something that you contribute or do to help produce or achieve something together with other people, or to help make something successful

K the beginning or cause of something

L a structure with walls and a roof, such as a house or factory

Ex. 6. Answer the questions to the text.

1.Does management have its roots in the ancient world?

2.Do managers coordinate the labor and resources?

3.Can we find management in political, diplomatic and military spheres?

4.How old is the modern management?

5.What changes has the management undergone?

6.What encouraged the development of management study?

7.Where was the genesis of management?

8.What is the main functions of a manager?

9.What were contributions to the early management?

10.What were the management principles used by the ancient Egyptians?

11.What idea was used in Asia?

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12. What contribution in the development of management was made by the Greeks and Romans?

Ex. 7. Translate into English:

1.Менеджмент берет свои корни из древнего мира.

2.Семь чудес света древнего мира были возведены благодаря работе большого количества людей.

3.Для того чтобы выполнить строительные планы, нужны были менеджеры, которые координировали труд и ресурсы.

4.Современные менеджеры вдохновлялись работами разных великих людей.

5.Современный менеджмент отличается от того, что был до промышленной революции.

6.Благодаря изменениям в экономике и морали трансформации произошли в том, как использовались труд и ресурсы при производстве.

7.Изменения в торговле привели к появлению крупных компаний.

8.Появление письменности повлияло на процесс торговли.

9.Одна из основных функций менеджера – это координация.

10.Египтяне были выдающимися строителями.

Ex. 8. Insert much, many, little, a little, few, a few.

Ex. 9. Write out keywords and make up your own plan to the texts.

Ex. 10. Retell the texts.

Ex. 11. For home assignment! Prepare a report on the following topics:

(Tell about the history of management. Your report should contain 10-15 sentences.)

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UNIT 6. CORPORATE CULTURES

Ex. 1. Memorize the following words and word-groups from the texts of the unit.

Influential – влиятельный, важный in terms of – с точки зрения crucial – важный

to respond to – реагировать opportunity – шанс, возможность cohesively – сплочённо

officer – служащий fit – соответствие

Adhocracy – адхократия (легко изменяемая организационная структура, адаптирующаяся организационная структура)

flexibility – гибкость, мобильность fast-paced – быстроидущий

to emphasize – придаватьособоезначение; подчёркивать, акцентировать entrepreneurship – предпринимательская деятельность

to evolve – эволюционировать, развиваться

commitment – обязательство (по отношению к чему-л.); активное, ответственное отношение (к чему-л.); заинтересованность (в чём-л.)

to empower – давать возможность engagement – участие, обязательство mentoring – наставничество

Tom's of Maine – торговая марка и компания-производитель натуральных средств личной гигиены.

to strive – стараться, пытаться стремиться, прилагать усилия supplier – поставщик

precision – точность; чёткость, аккуратность; правильность определённость, отчётливость; ясность

elimination – устранение

cautious – осторожный, осмотрительный; предусмотрительный decision-making – принятие решений

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government agencies – государственные учреждения shareholder – акционер

forecasting – прогноз

executive chairman – исполнительный директор hard-charging – жесткий

to resemble – походить, иметь сходство

with regard to – по отношению к, в отношении

to propel – двигать, побуждать, стимулировать, толкать domain – сфера (интересов), поле (деятельности) warehouse – товарный склад

disruptive technologies – передовые, революционные технологии cut-throat – ожесточенный

disgruntled – раздражённый, рассерженный, недовольный termination – освобождение от занимаемой должности, увольнение

Notes

-All businesses are impacted by their external environment. Sometimes a business has to act upon and react to what happens outside of the scope of its operations.

The external environment, also known as the macro environment, is out of the control of an individual business.

Factors like competition, market, economic, demographic, and environmental factors all play a role in the external environment of an organization.

Market factors are measured based on market conditions and demand, or the size and growth of the market.

Economic factors include interest rates and income levels of the population. Demographic factors are related to the size and age of the population. Environmental factors are related to levels of emissions and the social re-

sponsibility of firms.

An effective tool for analyzing the external environment is a PESTLE analysis.

PESTLE evaluates political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental and ethical factors.

-Clan cultures have a friendly, collaborative culture and can be compared to a large family i.e., a clan where people have a lot in common.

Ex. 2. Read and translate the text « Corporate Cultures».

CORPORATE CULTURES

One of the most significant internal factors determining an organization's effectiveness is its culture. The well-known business expert Peter Drucker reportedly said, "Culture eats strategy for breakfast." He meant that because

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company culture is built on values, it has a greater impact on motivating people' beliefs, actions, relationships, and work styles than strategy does. Although organizational strategy and other internal factors are crucial, organizational culture serves two essential functions: first, it aids in an organization's ability to adapt to and integrate with its external environment by encouraging members to work together to achieve common goals; and second, it fosters internal cohesion by bringing members together. A company's culture serves both its identity and the adhesive that holds it together. It's also critical to remember that the founder or top leader typically shapes and influences organizational cultures. The "tone at the top," which affects both the ethical and legal pillars and models how other officers and workers operate and act, is established by this person's vision, values, and mission. The Competing Values Framework provides a method for examining how an organization's culture and its relationship to its surroundings fit together.

One of the most widely used and tested methods for assessing an organization's cultural effectiveness and environment fit is the Competing Values Framework (CVF). The efficacy criteria provided in the framework, as seen in Exhibit 1, have been found to have made a difference in identifying organizational cultures that fit with specific characteristics of external environments. The CVF has been tested for over 30 years.

The framework's two axes, external focus and interior focus, show whether or not the organization's culture is outwardor inward-focused. If a culture performs better in a stable, controlled setting or a fluid, fast-paced environment, it will depend on the other two axes, flexibility against stability and control. Four cultural categories are produced by combining the axes: The four cultural types are: (1) the dynamic, entrepreneurial Adhocracy Culture, an external focus

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with a flexibility orientation; (2) the people-oriented, sociable Clan Culture, an internal focus with a flexibility orientation; (3) the process-oriented, structured Hierarchy Culture, an internal focus with a stability/control orientation; and (4) the results-oriented, competitive Market Culture, an external focus with a stability/control orientation.

The summary of each of these cultural types' orientations is given below. An organization's Adhocracy Culture profile places a strong emphasis on innovation, creation, future visioning, change management, risk-taking, breaking the rules, experimentation, entrepreneurship, and ambiguity. Fast-paced sectors like cinema, consultancy, space flight, and software development frequently exhibit this type culture. The cultures of Facebook and Google also fit these criteria. Although the larger culture is still dominating, it should be emphasized that larger organizations may have distinct cultures for certain professional groupings. For instance, a different subculture may develop within an organization for hourly workers compared to PhD research scientists.

Relationships, teamwork, commitment, empowering human growth, engagement, mentorship, and coaching are the main areas of emphasis for the Clan Culture type. This type of organization would be one that emphasizes teamwork, human resources, human development, and mentoring. This kind of culture is appropriate for Tom's of Maine, which has worked to build respectful connections with its staff, clients, suppliers, and the natural world.

The Hierarchy Culture places a strong emphasis on effectiveness, process and cost control, organizational improvement, technical expertise, precision, problem solving, and the elimination of errors. It also promotes logical, cautious, and conservative decision-making. This profile would be appropriate for a bureaucratic, structured organization like the Postal Service, the military, or other government organizations of a same nature.

Delivering value, competing, creating shareholder value, achieving goals, driving and delivering outcomes, making quick judgments, pushing through obstacles head-on, being directive and authoritative, and completing tasks are all important to the market culture. This profile is appropriate for a business focused on marketing and sales that not only plans and forecasts, but actively markets and sells goods and services. This cultural fit was described by Larry Ellison, the hard-charging, dominating executive chairman of Oracle, an American multinational computer technology business.

Amazon is an example of a business that may have a variety of cultures and still be successful. For instance, Amazon combines a high-performance adhocracy culture with Bezos's leadership style and exterior expansion, while internally Amazon resembles a hierarchical culture due to its strict supervision over lower-level personnel. The business expanded its website's scope from being a "online bookstore" to "selling everything online," to "being the pioneering in adopting cloud computing with AWS, to adopting the latest robotics in its

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warehouses to improve productivity, to thinking and testing disruptive technologies like drones, and so on." At the same time, it has come under fire for having a "toxic cutthroat work atmosphere," with claims that Jeff Bezos is excessively demanding and has very high expectations for both himself and the people who work for Amazon. Even the warehouse staff members are subject to this type of culture. Work came first, life came second, and trying to achieve a balance came last, according to Amazon employees. This criticism reached its height in 2017 when a frustrated worker asked to be transferred to another area inside the business but was instead put on an employee improvement plan, "a move that could result in his removal from Amazon if his performance didn't improve." Since then, Amazon has altered several of its guidelines for warehouse workers.

Ex. 3. Answer the questions to the text.

1.What does the statement “Culture eats strategy for breakfast” mean?

2.What are the purposes of organizational culture?

3.What binds an organization?

4.What sets the “tone at the top”?

5.Are there any models for diagnosing an organization’s cultural effectiveness?

6.How many cultural types are illustrated in Exhibit 1?

7.Name the examples of fast paced industries.

8.What is the focus of The Clan Culture type?

9.Does the Hierarchy Culture type include careful decision-making?

10.Did Amazon company propel its domain?

Ex. 4. Find the following words and word combinations in the text:

1.на основе ценностей

2.важные цели

3.с точки зрения

4.работать сплоченно

5.показатель эффективности

6.объединиться с

7.принятие рисков

8.следует отметить

9.взгляд в будущее

10.уважительные взаимоотношения

11.жесткий контроль

12.увеличить производительность

13.попросил о переводе

14.правила работы

15.также как

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16.внешняя экспансия

17.производительность/эффективность не улучшилась

18.продукты и услуги

Ex. 5. Find the wrong statements and correct them.

1.Corporate culture is more influential than strategy.

2.An organization's culture prevents it from integrating with and adapting to its external environment.

3.Culture creates internal unity.

4.Organization’s culture is internally oriented only.

5.An organization's Adhocracy Culture profile places a strong emphasis on involvement, coaching, mentoring, and human development that is empowering.

6.Tom’s of Maine is an example of The Clan Culture type.

7.Many of Amazon's operating procedures and guidelines for managers were modified.

8.2019 saw a high in the criticism of the adage "Work came first, life came second, and striving to achieve the balance came last."

9.The Market Culture focuses on supplying value, competing, delivering shareholder value.

10.Amazon blends Adhocracy Culture and Hierarchy Culture.

Ex. 6. Write out keywords and make up your own plan to the text.

Ex. 7. Retell the text.

Ex. 8. Put necessary words in the sentences with the appropriate meaning.

resemble, opportunity, forecasting, precision , to empower , decisionmaking, supplier, shareholder, influential , engagement

1.Make sure everyone has an __________ to express an opinion.

2.Holland is the most important flower ______ of Western Europe.

3.Evidence-based ___________ is an essential principle of social policy and practice.

4.It does not even slightly _____ real life.

5.Speed is as important as _______.

6.A ________ is a person, company, or institution that owns at least one share of a company's stock or in a mutual fund

7.Our aim is ________ new generations to live healthier.

8.Barometers are important devices in _________ weather.

9.Let me commend your personal ________ in strengthening our partnership.

10.I'm impressed with his ______ friends.

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UNIT 7. ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Ex. 1. Memorize the following words and word-groups from the texts of the unit.

owner – владелец

scope – масштаб, предел, размах

to pursue – cледовать намеченному курсу, добиваться to spot trends – выявлять тенденции

to involve – включать в себя conscious – сознательный proprietor – собственник, владелец retailing – розничная торговля

status quo – статус-кво – «возврат к исходному состоянию» to accept – принимать, брать

annual – ежегодный

frustration – чувство разочарования, неудовлетворённости survey – опрос, анкетирование

worth – ценность, значение, значимость to implement – выполнять, осуществлять trait – характерная черта, особенность decisive – твёрдый, решительный averse – нерасположенный, неохотный to favor – одобрять

moderate – умеренный

venture – рискованное предприятие, рискованное начинание committed – преданный, приверженный (чему-л.), с активным и за-

интересованным отношением (к чему-л.) perseverance – настойчивость, упорство bold – смелый, решительный

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