Английский язык (Информационные системы в управлении). Учебное пособие

2.Material-handling is the transfer of material and load-ing and unloading of machines.

3.Usually, the gripper must be designed specifically for the particular part geometry.

4.Spot welding of au-tomobile bodies is one of the most common applications of industrial robots.

5.Screws and nuts are widely used for fastening in manual assembly.

6.In nearly all industrial robotic applications, the robot provides

a substitute for human labour.

7.In robotic processing operations, the robot manipu-lates a tool to perform a process on the work part.

Task 4. Compose sentences according to the text.

…welding seam.

Other transfer operations … the same basic work are more complex, suchmotions every cycle. as …

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Today most robots are… humans are not al-

…ways suitable for robots.

UNIT IX.

AUTOMATION AND ROBOTICS PART II

Texts:

A.Thermocouple.

B.Hot fill packaging.

TEXT A

Read and translate the text.

THERMOCOUPLE

A thermocouple or thermocouple thermometer is a junction between two different metals that produces a voltage related to a temperature difference. Thermocouples are a widely used type of temperature sensor for measurement and control and can also be used to convert heat into electric power. They are inexpensive and interchangeable, are supplied fitted with standard connectors, and can measure a wide range of temperatures. The main limitation is accu-

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racy: system errors of less than one kelvin (K) can be difficult to achieve.

Any junction of dissimilar metals will produce an electric potential related to temperature. Thermocouples for practical measurement of temperature are junctions of specific alloys which have a predictable and repeatable relationship between temperature and voltage. Different alloys are used for different temperature ranges. Properties such as resistance to corrosion may also be important when choosing a type of thermocouple. Where the measurement point is far from the measuring instrument, the intermediate connection can be made by extension wires of the same metals, which are less costly than the materials used to make the sensor. Thermocouples are usually standardized against a reference temperature of 0 degrees Celsius; practical instruments use electronic methods of cold-junction compensation to adjust for varying temperature at the instrument terminals. Electronic instruments can also compensate for the varying characteristics of the thermocouple, and so improve the precision and accuracy of measurements.

Thermocouples are widely used in science and industry; applications include temperature measurement for kilns, gas turbine exhaust, diesel engines, and other industrial processes.

Task 1. Answer the following questions to the text.

1.What does thermocouple produce?

2.How are thermocouples used?

3.Thermocouples are widely used in science and industry, aren’t they?

4.Will any junction of dissimilar metals or oils produce an electric potential related to temperature?

5.How are different alloys used?

6.What is the main limitation of thermocouples?

7.What may also be important by choosing a type of thermocouple?

8. Do practical instruments use electronic methods of coldjunction compensation?

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Task 2. Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1.A thermocouple or thermocouple thermometer is a junction between two different metals that produces a voltage related to a temperature difference.

2.Thermocouples are a widely used type of temperature sensor for measurement and control and can also be used to convert heat into electric power.

3.They are inexpensive and interchangeable, are supplied fitted with standard connectors, and can measure a wide range of temperatures.

4.The main limitation is accuracy: system errors of less than one kelvin can be difficult to achieve.

5.Any junction of dissimilar metals will produce an electric potential related to temperature.

6.Thermocouples for practical measurement of temperature are junctions of specific alloys which have a predictable and repeatable relationship between temperature and voltage.

7.Different alloys are used for different temperature ranges.

8.Properties such as resistance to corrosion may also be important when choosing a type of thermocouple.

9.Where the measurement point is far from the measuring instrument, the intermediate connection can be made by extension wires of the same metals, which are less costly than the materials used to make the sensor.

10.Thermocouples are usually standardized against a reference

temperature of 0 degrees Celsius.

Task 3. Agree or disagree with the following statements. Give reasons for or against.

1.A thermocouple is a junction between two different subjects.

2.Thermocouples are a widely used type of temperature sensor for measurement and control.

3.Thermocouples are expensive and unchangeable.

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4.Any junction of dissimilar metals will produce electric power.

5.Thermocouples are used for measurement of the level of sugar in blood.

6.Different alloys are used for different temperature ranges.

7.Properties such as resistance to corrosion may also be important when choosing a type of thermocouple.

8.Thermocouples are widely used in the beer industry.

9.Electronic instruments can also compensate for the varying

characteristics of the thermocouple, and so improve the precision and accuracy of measurements.

10.Thermocouples are usually standardized against a reference temperature of 1000 degrees Celsius.

Task 4. Insert the missing information into the sentences.

1.A thermocouple or thermocouple thermometer is a junction between two different … that produces a … related to a temperature difference.

2.Thermocouples are a widely used type of … sensor for measure-

ment and control and can also be used to … heat into electric power.

3.Different … are used for different temperature ranges.

4.Properties such as … to corrosion may also be important when choosing a type of thermocouple.

5.Electronic instruments can also compensate for the varying characteristics of the thermocouple, and so improve the … of measurements.

6.Thermocouples for practical measurement of temperature are junc-

tions of … which have a … relationship between temperature and voltage.

7.Different alloys are used for different temperature … .

8.Where the measurement point is far from the measuring instrument,

the intermediate connection can be made by … of the same metals.

9.Thermocouples are usually standardized against a … of 0 degrees Celsius.

10.The main limitation is …: system errors of less than one kelvin

(K) can be difficult to ….

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TEXT B

Read and translate the text.

HOT FILL PACKAGING

Some new ideas in hot fill packaging increase interest in this packaging technology. This issue of "Food Engineering contains two new ideas in hot fill, both from Japan, but sponsored here by American packaging suppliers. One of them is called K-Pak. The idea of highacid hot fill packaging is to fill a product at microbe killing temperatures around 200 degrees P. Unlike aseptic, however, the packaging materials are not presterilized and filling does not take place in a sterile chamber. By combining high temperature filling with a specially engineered packaging materials construction, a longer than normal shelf life is possible. For fruit beverages and sauces such аs orange drink, grape drink etc., up to one-year shelf life is reported. The packaging material construction has the following profile described here from outside to inside, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), 60-Lb paper/ LDPE, aluminum-foilionomer. The designers have achieved a polymer-to-polymer construction that produces a very high hot-tack seal strength. The designers believe this container will offer tremendous opportunity for saving money. The machinery for the K-PAK system achieves filling speeds in the range of 6 per hour. This kind of capacity makes it competing with most of the higher-speed aseptic machines on the market. In this filling system designed by Chubukikai

of Japan, the package is filled in an inverted position. Among the benefits of this filling technique is that the microbe-killing hot product will have made contact with every part of the package's inside surface, achieve sterility. The package itself is substantially thinner than most aseptic cartoons.

Task 1. Find English equivalents of the following words and word combinations.

поставщики; с ольшимб содержанием кислоты; алюминиевая фольга; фруктовые напитки; от наружного слоя к внутреннему; высокая прочность запечатывания при горячей заклейке; поли-

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этилен высокой плотности; конструкция упаковки; разрез; огромные возможности сэкономить денежные средства; такаяпроизводительность; конкурирующий с ...

Task 2. Discuss in your group the main advantages of hot fill packaging.

UNIT X.

JOB HUNTING

Texts:

A.Recruitment.

B.Hunting for a job.

TEXT A

Read and translate the text.

RECRUITMENT

The process of finding people for particular jobs is recruitment or, especially in American English, hiring. Someone who has been recruited is a recruit or, in American English, a hire. The company employs or hires them; they join the company. A company may recruit employees directly or use outside recruiters, recruitment agencies or employment agencies. Outside specialists called headhunters may be called on to headhunt people for very important jobs, persuading them to leave the organizations they already work for. This process is called headhunting. Applying for a job a person usually looks in the job vacancies pages of some local newspapers, where various companies advertise for open vacancies. A job hunter applies for the job by completing an application form and sending it in. Having found

an appropriate position, he or she makes an application, sending in a CV (curriculum vitae, i.e. the ‘story’ of one’s working life; American English: resume or résumé) and a covering letter (American English: cover letter) explaining why the person wants the job. During the se-

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lection procedures the employers look at the backgrounds of applicants; their experience of different jobs and their educational qualifications. They invite the most interesting candidates to a group discussion. Then they have individual interviews with each candidate. They also ask the candidates to do written psychometric tests to assess their intelligence and personality. After three of four candidates are chosen, company management checks their references by writing to their referees: previous employers or teachers that candidates have named in their applications. If the references are OK, they ask the candidates to come back for more interviews. Finally, the employers offer the job to one of the applicants.

Task 1. Answer the following questions to the text.

1.How is the process of finding people for particular jobs called?

2.What are employment agencies responsible for?

3.What does a headhunter's job involve?

4.Where does a person applying for a job start searching?

5.The ‘story’ of one’s working life is called a CV, isn’t it?

6.What do the employers look at during the selection procedures?

7.When do the employers have individual interviews with each candidate?

8.Why do the employers ask the candidates to do written psychometric tests?

9.How does company management check the candidates’ references?

10.Finally, the employers offer the job to one of the applicants, don’t they?

Task 2. Match the words with their definitions.

1.an employer,

2.an application form,

3.torecruit (to hire),

4.an applicant,

5.a CV (curriculum vitae),

6.psychometric test,

7.vacancy,

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8.a job hunter,

9.a headhunter,

10.a selection procedure.

a.a person who formally requests a job,

b.a person who searchers for people for doing a particular job,

c.to engage in finding and attracting employees,

d.a process of picking the right candidate for the certain job,

e.a person or institution that hires employees,

f.a job that is available for someone,

g.a form one fills in when applying for a job,

h.a person who is looking for a job,

i.a test designed to show someone's personality, mental ability, opinions, etc,

j.a comprehensive document that lists your qualifications for academic employment.

Task 3. Choose the best word to fill in the gaps.

1.Nearly 200 people ___ for the job that was advertised in the local newspaper last week.

A applied B hired C accepted D employed

2.Before you ___ the contract make sure you have read it through carefully.

A offered B refuse C sign D receive

3. You should always ___ in the application form as honestly as possible.

A sign B send C treat D fill

4. Do you know that I applied for a job? Well, I've been ___ for an interview.

A attended B offered C applied D called

5.I've ___ five interviews so far and still haven't been offered a job. A attended B offered C applied D called

6.Employees are allowed up to three weeks unpaid ___ a year.

A absence B vacation C time D leave

7. In the end I decided to ___ the job and started last week. A accept B quit C offer D attend

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8.Carol’s reliability and confidence make her an ___ employee. A idealized B ideal C idyllic D idealistic

9.This job looks interesting. I think I'll ___ off for more information. A ask B apply C send D call

10.Unfortunately there is still a lot of ___ against older people in the workplace.

A distraction B discrimination C discretion D distortion

TEXT B

Read and translate the text.

HUNTING FOR A JOB

One of the most difficult problems a young person faces is deciding what about a career. There are individuals, of course, who from the time they are six years old "know" that they want to be doctors or

occupation takes time, and there are a lot of things you have to think about as you try to decide what you would like to do. You may find that you will have to take special courses to qualify for a particular kind of work, or may find out that you will need to get some actual work experience to gain enough knowledge to qualify for a particular job. Fortunately, there are a lot of people you can turn to for advice and help in making your decision. At most universities, there are teachers who are professionally qualified to consult you and to give detailed information about job qualifications. And you can talk over your ideas with family members and friends who are always ready to listen and to offer suggestions. But even if you get other people involved in helping you make a decision, self-evaluation is an important part of the decision-making process.

So, when you are looking for a job, what is it better to begin with? There are several traditional ways of job hunting. A civilized and active means is studying the market of the offered vacancies to get an idea of necessary demands and size up your own chances. The best

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