Английский язык (Информационные системы в управлении). Учебное пособие

TEXT A

Read and translate the text.

MICROSOFT COMPANY

Microsoft is a best-known American company involved in software production. It was founded in 1975 by Paul Allen and Bill Gates. Microsoft's wealth and power is growing up for years. It is a giant company. Microsoft's $25 billion market value tops that of Ford, General Motors.

Some time ago, Microsoft dominated the PC market with its- MS-DOS operating system, the basic software that let the computer understand your commands and carry them out, appeared in the beginning of 80s. MS-DOS ran on 90 percent of the worlds IBM and IBM-clone computers. Then, Microsoft has extended that presence with releasing of Windows, which is probably the most important and popular operating system in the World. And now it dominates the market.

Firstly, Microsoft released Windows '95 in 1995. It was a graphics interface environment that ran on top of MS-DOS and replaced DOS in future versions. Then, Microsoft released Windows '98, Windows NT, Windows Millennium, Windows 2000 and Windows XP.

Microsoft also supplies about 50 percent of the world's software applications. Among them, there are three well-known Office Packs; they are also called Microsoft Office programs such as Excel (spreadsheets), Microsoft Word (word processing), Access (da-

tabases) and Outlook Express (e-mail)- There were releases in 1997, 2000, and 2002, when appeared Microsoft Office XP. Microsoft is also in the market of networking, multimedia and even books. And as an early supporter of the Macintosh computer, Microsoft virtually owns the Mac application market.

It has been calculated that Microsoft controls 80-85 % of the entire PC software industry. The company has hundreds of products and thousands of employees, making it one of the largest companies. Many of the company's shareholders are now millionaires and a few including Bill Gates and Paul Allen are billion-

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aires. Microsoft is no doubt the fastest growing company in the PC software industry.

Task 1. Answer the following questions to the text.

1.Who founded the Company?

2.When was Microsoft founded?

3.Is Microsoft a big or a small company?

4.What does the company produce?

5.What was the first Microsoft operating systemthat dominated

the PC market?

6.When did MS-DOS operating system appear?

7.How many Windows operating systems did Microsoft release?

8.Is it a rich company?

9.Does the Company dominate the PC market?

10.Microsoft is the slowest growing company in the PC software industry, isn’t it?

Task 2. Match the words from column A with the words from column B. Make up your own sentences with the received word combinations.

A

1.best-known,

2.graphics,

3.future,

4.Microsoft Office,

5.software,

6.company's,

7.application,

8.operating,

9.Windows,

10.basic.

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B

a)system,

b)programs,

c)company,

d)Millennium,

e)interface,

f)versions,

g)software,

h)market,

i)production,

j)shareholders.

Task 3. Choose the option that best expresses the main idea of the text.

1.Windows is the most important and popular operating system in the World.

2.Most of the company's shareholders are now millionaires and a few, including Bill Gates and Paul Allen are billionaires.

3.Having hundreds of products and thousands of employees Microsoft is considered to be the fastest growing company in the PC software industry.

TEXT B

Read and translate the text.

WHAT IS APPLE?

Apple Inc. is an American multinational corporation that designs and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and personal computers. It was founded on April 1, 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne in Cupertino, California. The company was named Apple Computer, Inc. for its first 30 years. The word "Computer" was removed from its name on January 9, 2007, as its

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traditional focus on personal computers shifted towards consumer electronics.

The company's best-known hardware products are the Macintosh line of computers, the iPod, the iPhone and the iPad. Its software includes the OS X and iOS operating system; the iTunes media browser; and the iLife and iWork creativity and production suites. Apple is the world's third-largest mobile phone maker after Samsung and Nokia.

Fortune magazine named Apple the most admired company in the United States in 2008, and in the world from 2008 to 2012. However, the company has received widespread criticism for its contractors' labor, and for its environmental and business practices.

Task 1. Say if the following sentences are True or False.

1.Apple Inc. is an American multinational corporation that designs and sells surfing equipment.

2.Apple was founded on August 1, 1976.

3.Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne were the founders of Apple.

4.The word "Computer" was removed from its name Apple Computer on January 9, 2017.

5.The company's best-known software products are the Macintosh line of computers, the iPod, the iPhone and the iPad.

6.Apple is the world's third-largest mobile phone maker after Samsung and Nokia.

7.Fortune magazine named Apple the most admired company in the UK in 2008.

8.Apple has received a lot of criticism for its contractors' labor, and for its environmental and business practices.

9.Apple is a British multinational corporation.

10.The Macintosh line of computers, the iPod, the iPhone and the iPad are Apple’s best-known hardware products.

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Task 2. Find the English equivalents to he Russian expressions in the text.

Транснациональная корпорация; персональны компьютеры; программное обеспечение; аппаратное обеспечение; бытовая электроника; медиа-браузер; операционная система; производственные комплексы; производитель мобильных телефонов; экологическая и деловая практика.

Task 3. Put 5 questions to the text. Start with the words: Who, What, Where, When, Why. Ask the questions to your groupmates.

SUPPLEMENTARY READING

Technical and Legal Protection of Information.

Counterespionage and industrial espionage are developing at a quick pace nowadays. Special services were formed to cooperate in this field with governmental intelligence; American Society for Industrial Security was even created.

Computer science that maintains this activity exists and evolves. New legal, illegal methods and means of obtaining informa-

tion on competitors' secrets are being developed. Computer struggle became a usual thing in the world of market relationship, including foreign trade. Since information networks of advanced nations are united, possibilities of introduction of logic bombs grow. They are programmed in software during development as the means of fighting against illegal copying. Computer fight completed electronic espionage, made it active.

One of the points of information leakage is tightly bound with deletion of electronically stored information. At the moment there are several ways to remove electronically stored information completely. Information destruction is erasure of information from the hard drive so that any software or other means cannot recover it. Methods of information destruction divide into three main groups:

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1. Software methods based on deletion of information recorded on magnetic carrier with the help of standard means of recording of information on magnetic carriers. If information was deleted by standard means, magnetic carriers can be repeatedly used. Deletion is

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GOST R50739-95 RF (Russian Federation) uses two cycles of recording, at first zeros are written and secondly the codes are applied.

Though overwriting is a reliable method of information removal, it doesn‘t ring in the effect of complete deletion, s inform tion recovery is still possible. To ensure this, very sophisticated and highcost equipment is needed.

The method of overwriting pays off when the information is cheaper than the equipment needed to recover it.

We can outline the following advantages of the given method.

1.Low prices for software to delete information.

2.Possibility of subsequent use of the carrier.

3.Time cost is about 10-60 minutes.

In conclusion, it's worth to note that deletion of information in not an easy task. It demands significant funds. Confidentiality of information is regarded priceless in these cases. Therefore, it is necessary to pick up a method where recovery of information would be more expensive than the very information.

CLASSES OF LAPTOPS

Desktop replacement computer

A desktop-replacement computer is a laptop that provides most of the capabilities of a desktop computer, with a similar level of performance. Desktop replacements seem to be larger and heavier than standard laptops. They contain more powerful components and have a 15" or larger display. They are bulkier and not as portable as other laptops, and their operation time on batteries is typically shorter; they are intended to be used as compact and transportable alternatives to a desktop computer.

Some laptops in this class use a limited range of desktop components to provide better performance for the same price at the expense of battery life, a few of those models having no battery. These, and sometimes desktopreplacement computers in general, are sometimes called desknotes, a portmanteau of “desktop” and “notebook”. In the early 2000s desktops were more powerful, easier to upgrade, and much cheaper than laptops, but in later years laptops have become

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much cheaper and more powerful. Most peripherals are available in laptop-compatible USB versions which minimize the need for internal add-on cards.

Subnotebook

A subnotebook or ultraportable is a laptop designed and mar-

standard notebook. Subnotebooks are usually smaller and lighter than standard laptops, weighing between 0.8 and 2 kg; the battery life can exceed 10 hours when a large battery or an additional battery pack is installed.

To achieve the size and weight reductions, ultraportables use 13" and smaller screens (down to 6.4"), have relatively few ports, employ expensive components designed for minimal size and best power efficiency, and utilize advanced materials and construction methods. Most subnotebooks achieve a further portability improvement by omitting an optical / removable media drive. In this case they may be paired with a docking station that contains the drive and optionally more ports or an additional battery.

The term “subnotebook” is reserved to laptops that run generalpurpose desktop operating systems.

Netbooks

Netbooks (sometimes also called mininotebooks or ultraportables) are a branch of subnotebooks, a rapidly evolving category of small, lightweight, economical, energy-efficient, and especially suited for wireless communication and Internet access. The origins of the netbook can be traced to the Network Computer (NC) concept of the mid-1990s. In March 1997 Apple Computer introduced the e-mail 300 as a subcompact laptop that was a cross between the Apple Newton PDA and a conventional laptop computer.

Netbooks are intended to rely heavily on the Internet for remote access to web-based applications and are targeted increasingly at cloud computing users who rely on servers and require a less powerful client computer.

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Netbooks typically have less powerful hardware than larger laptop computers. Some netbooks do not even have a conventional hard drive. Such netbooks use solid-state storage devices instead, as they

require less power, are faster, lighter, and generally more shockresistant, but with much less storage capacity.

Netbooks in education. Netbooks offer several distinct advantages in educational settings. First, their compact size and weight make for an easy fit in student work areas. Similarly, the small size make netbooks easier to transport than heavier, larger-sized traditional laptops. Despite the small size, netbooks are fully capable of accomplishing most school-related tasks, including word processing, Power Point presentations, access to the Internet, multimedia playback, and photo management.

Netbooks have the potential to change the way students and teachers interact, and have many practical applications in the classroom setting. One major implication of netbooks in schools is cloud computing. Cloud computing eliminates many of the technology related headaches that we have become accustomed to, including incompatability between home computers and school computers, “data loss” due to computer crash, and printer failure. Virtually all netbooks have wireless Internet connections, allowing complete access to free online applications and servers.

It is well-known that students with laptops do more and higher quality writing, have access to more information, which improves data analysis skills, and that student-centered learning is more easily accomplished. Studentcentered learning, a growing trend in education recently, increases student motivation, cultivates critical thinking and problem solving, and fosters positive student collaboration.

LANIT

LABORATORY OF NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

LANIT is a diversified group of IT companies, a leader in the Russian information technology industry and a partner of more than

two hundred and fifty global manufacturers of equipment and

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software solutions. The companies of the group provide a full range of IT services, which is expanding due to the development of advanced and popular technologies. LANIT ranks first in the ratings of national enterprises working in the field of information technology.

A wide range of products, services, technologies, approaches, ideas of a diversified group of companies opens up new opportunities

for clients. The consolidated turnover of the LANIT group of companies in 2020 amounted to 216.8 billion rubles. More than 3000 specialists are certified by the world's leading vendors of high-tech equipment and software.

LANIT Network Academy is one of the largest training centers in the country, where more than 1,000,000 specialists and users of information systems have been trained.

LANIT, together with customers, develops a comprehensive business development strategy, taking into account the specifics of the client's enterprise. It has experience and capabilities in implementing federal-scale projects. A long-term cooperation program is being built with all clients.

LANIT is constantly discovering new areas of activity, mastering advanced technologies that help customers to increase efficiency and develop. The company has created a division that systematically deals with project analysis and portfolio management of startups. LANIT supports high-tech projects, significantly increasing their investment potential.

LANIT is the largest partner in Russia and the CIS countries of the world's leading manufacturers of high-tech equipment, solutions and services. The specialists of the LANIT group of companies have unique competencies, anticipate the development of technologies in accordance with the needs of the market and offer customers solutions that meet their current and future needs.

The LANIT group of companies has 38 divisions: regional branches, subsidiaries, resource and training centers.

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