Английский для магистрантов. Практикум-1

borrower returns to the lender the face value of the bond (the amount the lender invested in the bond).

Broker — a licensed professional who advises people about investments; also helps people buy and sell stocks, bonds, mutual funds, etc. The broker earns a fee for this help, called a commission, usually a percentage of the transaction.

Budget — a plan you create for controlling spending and encouraging saving.

Commodities — raw materials — such as oil, wheat, soybeans, pork, or gold -you buy. In buying commodities you are hoping that the price will rise, so that you can sell the commodity for a profit.

Credit — a loan that enables people to buy something now and to pay for it in the future.

Credit History — a record of your borrowing and paying habits. Credit reporting companies track your history and supply this information to credit card companies, credit unions, and other lenders.

Debit Card — This plastic card looks like a credit card, but it is used to withdraw money from a savings or checking account. When you use a debit card at Automatic Teller Machines or in stores to make purchases, money is immediately withdrawn from your account. You cannot withdraw more money than you have in the account.

Debt — money or goods you owe.

Deposit — to put money into a Credit Union or investment account.

Dividend — a payment made by a company to a stockholder to share in the company’s profits.

Discount — to reduce from an original price or an item’s full worth. Expenses — things you pay money for — both needs and wants.

Income Tax — money that wage earners pay the government to run the country. The amount of the tax depends upon how much you earn.

Interest — the amount paid by a borrower to a lender for the privilege of borrowing the money.

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Interest Rate — the price paid for the use of someone else’s money expressed as an annual percentage rate, such as 6.5 %.

Liquidity — how quickly an asset (any item of value that you own) can be turned into cash. In other words, you don’t have to wait until a certain date or pay a penalty to withdraw your money.

Loan — money or an object that is lent, usually with the understanding that the loan will be paid back, usually with interest.

Profit — the money you’ve earned after you subtract a) any money you had to spend to make the product or perform the service; b) any taxes that had to be paid on your earnings.

Real Estate — property in the form of land or buildings.

SavingsAccount — a Credit Union account that pays you interest for keeping your savings in it. Credit Unions use your money to make loans, so they pay you interest for the use of your money.Your savings is insured up to $100,000 by the FDIC, so you don’t have to worry about borrowers taking your money and not paying it back.

Scarcity — a lack of something, like money, natural resources, etc. Scarcity forces you to make choices about how you use or treat whatever is scarce.

Share — a unit of ownership in an investment or a company. Shareholder — someone who owns stock in a company. Sole Proprietor — a business owned by a single person.

Stock — a certificate representing a share of ownership in a company.

Stock Market — an organized way for 1) people to buy and sell stocks and 2) corporations to raise money. There are three widely known stock exchanges: The New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange, and the NationalAssociation of Securities DealersAutomated Quotation System (you hear it called NASDAQ on the news).

Withdraw — to take money out of an account.

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UNIT 7

CULTURAL WORLD

1. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1.The fastest and easiest way to get people to come to a concert is to announce that there is a concert.

2.When announcing the event, give the essential information such as who is playing, where it will be, when it will be, what will be played, whom to contact for reservations and information, and how much it would cost if it’s not free.

3.The world-renowned Mariinsky Theater, known during Soviet times as the Kirov Opera and Ballet Theater, reverted to its original name in 1992.

4.The first night of the performance “Izotov” will conclude the Fourth International Theater Festival.

5.The theater rose to the dizzying heights of international success under the leadership of the conductor Yuri Temirkanov and the current Chief Conductor andArtistic Director Valery Gergiev.

6.The theater’s Ballet Department also flourished under the famous Leonid Yakobson and has enjoyed performances by the worldrenowned Rudolf Nureev.

7.During pre-revolutionary times the theater enjoyed royal patronage and has played host to some of Russia’s most celebrated classical performers.

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8.Fiodor Shaliapin sang in this theatre, and the dancers Vatslav Nizhinsky, Matilda Kshesinskaya, Anna Pavlova also graced its stage.

9.Drop curtain is a theater curtain that is lowered or raised vertically rather than drawn to the side.

10.Frank Capra is honored as one of the greatest directors of predominantly English-language films.

11.It should be noted that many film-makers were highly innovative mavericks and renegades who challenged the established ‘system’ that existed during their time.

12.“Imagine my delight to read a dispatch from last week’s 2nd International Action Film festival in the Kazakhstan capital Astana, at which Seagal appears to be combining guest-of-honour duties with his usual humanitarian commitments.”

13.Genghis Khan may be one of the most important and influential figures in history, but big screen versions of his life tend to be flops.

14.Soldiers burst into applause at President’s speech.

15.A full house on opening day of last year’s Spring Arts Festival wasn’t a surprise for its organizing committee.

16.After his roaring success at the 2010 CNE, Chef Michael Smith returns this year to share more of his culinary magic!

17.Exhibition at the Pushkin Museum, Moscow, demonstrates how inspiration has nourished the heart of Dior for decades.

18.Discover a world of great artists in history in The Worldwide Art Gallery’sArt Education section.

19.Some artists manage to make real masterpieces of a packing for eggs!

20.Artspan — an online gallery of contemporary artists, artisans, jewelers and contemporary photographers on the top ranked contemporary art website.

2. Выпишите из предложений упр. 1 слова, относящиеся к сфере искусства.

Например: 1. to announce a concert 2. to make a masterpiece

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3. ПрочитайтестатьюоновойэкспозицииБританскогомузея.

Выпишите из текста следующие выражения:

сокровищница, интересоваться деньгами не ради накопительства, коллекционировать монеты, охватывать четырехтысячелетнюю историю, на протяжении всей истории, современность, поменять наше представление о деньгах, ракушки каури, лопаты и ножи как платежные средства, деньги в форме медной пластины весом 14 кг, серебряные монеты, изображение богов и правителей на монетах, появление бумажных денег, выпуск банкноты самого большого номинала, переход на оплату картами, мобильные платежи, бессчетное количество примеров непривычного использования денег, деньги как средство общения, передавать какое-то сообщение, приписки на купюрах, фальшивомонетничество, развитые страны, быть многоликим.

The British Museum’s new money gallery: from shells to mobile phones

You do not have to be a coin-collector or a miser to enjoy the British Museum’s newly refurbished money gallery

It is considered odd to take too much of an interest in money — in the actual coins and notes, that is, rather than the accumulation of a hefty bank balance, though that is frowned upon too. But you do not have to be a coin-collector or a miser to enjoy the British Museum’s newly refurbished money gallery. Outwardly a display about the evolution of money, from cowrie shells to mobile phones, it is a treasure trove of fascinating stories from a wide range of cultures and time periods.

Money is a particularly good window on the past, says Ben Alsop, the gallery’s curator, because it is so universal. “We’re lucky, with this gallery, in the sense that money, going back 4,000 years, covers the whole of the world and the whole of history,” he says. His gallery can useitscollectiontotalkaboutworldhistoryinawaythatotherdepartments of the museum, which focus on a particular period or part of the world, cannot. Moreover, visitors are already familiar with the subject matter. “People know what money means to them, and therefore what it may have meant to people in the past as well,” says Mr Alsop.

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The gallery exploits this familiarity to challenge the way we think about money. There is the standard history, as you would expect. It starts with cowrie shells, stone axes and jade; moves on to the earliest coins from Lydia, now part of Turkey, from around 650 BC, and the ‘spade money’ and ‘knife money’ from China from around the same time; continues with the emergence of paper money in China; and culminates with the switch to payment cards and mobile money in the modern era. But interwoven with this chronological display are countless examples of the unexpected cultural, political and religious uses of money. Throughout history it has always been more than just a medium of economic exchange.

Money is arguably an early communications medium. Indeed, since money is passedfrom oneperson toanother,youcouldevenargue that it’s an example of social media. For centuries only gods or dead ancestors appeared on coins, but eventually rulers (in the Roman case, starting with Julius Caesar) realised they could be used to project images of themselves. Augustus looks young and dashing on his coins, whereas a series of coins of Nero emphasise his humanity, as he agesandgetsfatter.Butyoudonotneedtobeanemperortosendmessages using money. The gallery includes a Roman coin from 215AD, on which the Christian “chi-rho” symbol has been scratched behind the emperor’s head; a French coin from 1855 overstamped with an advertisement for Pears Soap; and a 1903 British penny on which Edward VII’s face has been stamped with “Votes for women” by suffragettes (pictured below).

Piggybacking messages on coins in this way is just one of many recurring themes in the history of money. Another is forgery: one display case shows forged Roman coins alongside modern forgeries of British pound coins, which you are invited to compare to those in your pocket. “Pieces of eight” anticipated the American dollar as a global currency. And paper money has always been accompanied by concerns that it will fuel inflation. The highest-denomination banknote ever issued, it turns out, comes not from Zimbabwe, as you might expect, but from post-war Hungary, where notes were issued in 1946 worth 100,000,000,000,000,000,000 (100 quintillion) pengo. Nearby you

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can see a poster printed on Zimbabwean banknotes advertising the Zimbabwean, a newspaper, with the slogan “It’s cheaper to print this on money than paper”. At the time, it was.

JustasastonishingistheSwedish‘riksdaler’platemoneyfromthe17th century (pictured above), which took the form of giant copper slabs weighing 14 kg. Sweden’s abundant copper meant the metal was cheap, and a lot of it was needed to give a coin sufficient value to compete with silver. But the resulting slabs were so unwieldy — this is money that could be used as a murder weapon — that Sweden eventually had to issue paper notes, the first of their kind in Europe. Other oddities on display include the unused prototypes for euro coins devised by Britain’s royalmint; £10 notes printed for use in an episode of ‘Doctor Who’, depicting the doctor himself; and underwear with built-in pockets to keep money safe in Haiti in the aftermath of the earthquake that struck in 2010.

Mobile money was introduced in Haiti to distribute aid funds and make up for the lack of functioning financial infrastructure. But locals are wary of a virtual currency they cannot touch, and uptake has been slow. Mobile money is doing well in sub-Saharan Africa, notably in Kenya, which leads the world in its adoption. In the developed world, however, the use of mobile phones to make payments has run into a different problem: the existing payments infrastucture works well enough that people see little reason to switch from cash and cards. Accordingly, it is premature to suggest that the use of physical tokens for money is, after 4,000 years, about to come to an end. But mobile money highlights yet another way to look at money: as a technology for transferring value. Coins have just two faces but money, this fascinating gallery reminds us, has always had many1.

4. Переведите статью об одном из культурных событий в области киноискусства на русский язык. Перескажите прочитанное на английском языке:

1 https://www.economist.com/prospero/2012/09/22/from-shells-to-mobile-phones

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Guardian: Daniel Radcliffe to Star in The Woman in Black

Harry Potter actor celebrates end of franchise with lead role in Hammer horror adaptation of Susan Hill ghost story

The future looks black for Daniel Radcliffe, whose long-running stint with the Harry Potter film franchise draws to an end this year. Happily, the 20-year-old actor has his next move plotted out: he is poised to star in a Hammer horror adaptation of The Woman in Black. Radcliffe will take the lead role of Arthur Kipps, a young lawyer who uncovers the secrets of an old dark house. The film has been scripted by Kick-Ass’s Jane Goldman and will be directed by Eden Lake’s James Watkins. Production is due to begin this autumn.

“I am incredibly excited to be part of The Woman in Black,” Radcliffe said. “Jane Goldman’s script is beautifully written — both tender and terrifying in equal measure. It is thrilling to be working with James Watkins. From his brilliant work on Eden Lake, and also having met him, I know he will make a fantastic film.” Radcliffe’s enthusiasm appears to be contagious. “When I met Dan, it was quite uncanny how closely our thoughts on the story mirrored each other,” said Watkins. “I can’t wait to get down to work with him.”

Based on the 1983 bestseller by Susan Hill, The Woman in Black is set in a haunted village on the east coast of England. Hill’s tale inspired a 1989 TV movie as well as a hugely successful London stage-play. The big-screen version is a co-production between Alliance Films and Hammer. Originally established in the 1930s, Hammer Films gave rise to the likes of Dracula, The Curse of Frankenstein and The Quatermass Experiment before falling on hard times in the 80s. Now resurrected, the studio has various films in the pipeline, including the Hilary Swank drama The Resident, and the vampire love story Let Me In, a US-based remake of the acclaimed 2008 Swedish film Let the Right One In1.

1 https://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/jul/19/daniel-radcliffe-woman-black

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5. Переведите отрывок из статьи на английский язык:

«Гарри Поттер» — самый прибыльный фильм года

Patrick Kovarik ⁄AFP

Заключительный фильм поттерианы — «Гарри Поттер и Дары Смерти: Часть 2» (Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2) —

продолжает бить рекорды. Как сообщает Variety, он стал самым кассовым фильмом в мире среди всех релизов 2011 года.

Во вторник, 9 августа, «Гарри Поттер» стал самым прибыльным фильмом в Северной Америке, заработав с начала года $344,8 млн и обогнав по этому показателю третьих «Трансформеров» (Transformers: Dark of the Moon). В мировом прокате сборы фильма достигли $ 801,5 млн, тогда как предыдущий рекордсмен — «Пираты Карибского моря: На странных берегах» (Pirates of the Caribbean:OnStrangerTides)—остановилсянаотметке$798,5млн.

Вначале августа последний «Гарри Поттер» стал девятым фильмом в истории, сумевшим заработать миллиард долларов. Сейчас его общая касса составляет почти $ 1,15 млрд. Это третий результат в истории кино — первые места занимают «Аватар»

(Avatar, $ 2,78 млрд) и «Титаник» (Titanic, $ 1,84 млрд). Следует отметить, что еще до выхода в прокат второй части «Даров Смерти»,франшизаоГарриПоттеребыланазванасамойдоходной в истории: за 13 лет компания Warner Bros. заработала на продукции, связанной с юным волшебником, более $ 21 млрд.

ВРоссии и странах СНГ к 7 августа фильм «Гарри Поттер и Дары Смерти: Часть 2», по данным «Бюллетеня кинопрокатчика», заработал $35,5 млн1.

6.Составьте список выражений, необходимых для рассуждения о современном искусстве — музыке, балете, живописи, кинематографе(навыбор).Переведитеихнаанглийскийязык.

7.Обсудитеспартнеромновостиизмираискусства,используя выражения из упр. 6.

1 https://making-of.afp.com/patrick-kovarik

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