Professional English in Navigation. Учебное пособие для СПО

SECTION IV

Part 1

Mooring / Berthing

1. Read and learn the deck machinery. Pay attention to the translation.

THE DECK МАCHINERY — ПАЛУБНЫЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ

The windlass, the capstan, the winch, the cargo derrick belongs to the deck machinery.

Брашпиль, шпиль, лебёдка, грузовая стрела относятся к палубным механизмам.

THE WINDLASS — БРАШПИЛЬ

1.The windlass is a combined arrangement designated for the anchoring and mooring operations.

Брашпиль — это комбинированное устройство, предназначенное для якорных и швартовочных операций.

2.The windlass consists of two mooring drums, a horizontal shaft, two chain sprockets, a brake band, a brake shoe liner, a reduction gear, a hydraulic drive and a controlling device.

Брашпиль состоит из двух швартовочных барабанов, горизонтального вала, двух цепных звездочек, тормозной ленты, колодки тормоза, редуктора, гидропривода и контроллера.

3.The windlass is situated on the bow.

Брашпиль находится на носу.

THE CAPSTAN — ШПИЛЬ

1. The Capstan is a special arrangement, designated for mooring operations.

Шпиль — это специальное устройство, предназначенное для швартовочных операций.

2.The Capstan consists of one mooring drum, a vertical shaft, one chain sprocket and a controlling device.

Шпиль состоит из одного швартовочного барабана, вертикального вала, одной цепной звездочки и контроллера.

3.The capstan is located on the stern.

Шпиль расположен на корме.

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THE CARGO DERRICK — ГРУЗОВАЯ СТРЕЛА

l. The cargo derrick is a special arrangement designated for loading and discharging of the ship.

Грузовая стрела — это специальное устройство, предназначенное для погрузки и разгрузки судна.

2. The number of cargo derricks on each ships is different.

Количество грузовых стрел на каждом судне разное.

THE WINCH — ЛЕБЕДКА

1. The winch it is special arrangement designated for opening and closing of the holds.

Лебедка — это специальное устройство, предназначенное для открытия и закрытия трюмов.

2. It consists of a steel rope, one wheel and a hook.

Она состоит из стального троса,барабана и крюка.

THE ROLL FAIRLEAD — РОУЛЬС

1.The roller-fairlead consists of two four rollers and a fairlead.

Роульс состоит из 2 4 роликов и киповой планки.

2.The roller-fairlead alters the directions of the ropes and prevents them from

fraying.

Роульс изменяет направление канатов и предохраняет их от перетирания.

2. Look at the picture and remember a typical mooring scheme.

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3. Read, translate and answer the questions.

Procedure of Mooring

Vessels intending to load or to discharge the cargo, embark or disembark the passengers are moored to pier, quay or specially designated berth which are equipped with modern cargo-handling facilities.

The Master shall supervise the mooring procedure. Special mooring party is formed to perform this operation on board a vessel. It consists of sailors and the officer in charge. A leader of a mooring party should check outfit of his mooring party before the commencement of operation. Then brief instruction should be carried out to make everybody aware of his duties.

Fenders, heaving lines, messenger ropes, mooring lines, rat guards, winches and other equipment should be prepared well in advance. After all preparations are completed the mooring party should stay at their mooring station and wait for any instructions from mooring party leader who maintains a constant communication with the bridge by means of hand-held VHF radio and complies with Master’s orders.

In many ports mooring master embarks a vessel before mooring in order to assist the shipmaster to berth a vessel properly. Mooring Master is a specially designated person who knows the port authorities’ requirements and local conditions form mooring a ship. He advices the shipmaster how the vessel should be made fast to the berth and deals with tug’s Masters.

The vessel can be made fast to the quay either alongside or head or stern to it. The method of mooring a vessel head or stern to the quay is widely used be RO-RO type vessels and car-carrying ferries. Ship’s approach to the berth should be effected at slow speed with both anchors should be ready to let go in case of an emergency. At an appropriate distance from the berth the engine is stopped. When determining such distance, the ship’s speed, her tonnage, engine power and its reversing efficiency must be taken into consideration.

When the vessel approaches to the certain distance from the berth, the first line is given ashore. Mooring lines should be sent one by one.

Communication between the mooring parties and shore personnel can be maintained verbally or by using the appropriate signs.

The leader of the mooring party should not be involved in pulling ropes; he should only supervise the whole process of mooring. All orders received by VHS ra-

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dio should be repeated and executed immediately in a safe manner. There should be no rush. When the ship is alongside the ropes must be tightened by means of winches and secured. On board the vessel the ropes can be made fast either to bitts or secured at automatic winches. All moorings given ashore should be constantly observed as an alteration of water level or draught of the vessel and change of wind force or direction may result in an excessive slackening or tightening and even parting of the ropes.

1.In what cases are the ships made fast?

2.Who supervises the mooring procedure?

3.Whom is mooring party consist of?

4.What mooring equipment should be ready in advance?

5.By what means is maintained the communication?

6.What are ways of mooring?

7.What do you understand under “an appropriate distance from the berth”?

8.Why should all mooring lines be constantly watched?

4.Translate the sentences.

1.Когда судно приближается к порту, капитан даёт команду готовиться к швартовке.

2.Боцман и другие матросами готовят концы.

3.Прежде всего, необходимо подать выброску на причал.

4.Необходимо выбрать слабину и выбрать все концы в тугую с помощью брашпиля.

5.Я должен приготовить концы для подачи на причал.

6.После швартовки мы устанавливаем противокрысиные щитки.

5.Translate and study the following words and words combinations.

•berth

•heaving lines

•mooring rope

•head rope

•bow spring

•breast line

•fender

•rudder

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Safety precautions

1. Read and remember duties of the OOW while mooring.

Duties of the Deck Officers while mooring

During the mooring operations Deck Officers are in charge of aft and forward mooring stations. Before mooring the officer must be familiar with the plan of operation and special Master’s instructions regarding it.

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Before commencement of mooring operations, the Officer must ensure that all members of his party are properly outfitted; everyone wears safety shoos, overall, safety gloves and helmet, person who operates with winch wears safety goggles. Also he must ensure that all members of the party know their duties and code of safe working practices so they can effect accordingly during the mooring.

•Do not cross the steel mooring line while heaving it up.

•Do not stand close to a winch drum when holding and tensioning a line.

•Do not stand in the bight of a rope.

During the mooring the Officer must act according to some principles.

Of course he must follow the master’s orders especially the combination of mooring lines and which line will be sent first. As soon as the eye of the line is on bollard slack should be picked up but not tighten until the vessel is in position.

Mooring is a high risk operation and watch officer first of all should provide compliance of safety requirements as he is the most experienced and competent person.

2. Read and translate the text. Put 8 questions to the text.

Planning the Operation

The key to safe and effective mooring operations is planning and ensuring that appropriate procedures are followed. A mooring operation risk assessment should always be carried out. Suitable controls and procedures should be in place to minimize the risks identified for this operation.

Who is in Charge?

The person in charge or directing the mooring operation at each mooring station on deck should be easily identifiable and heard clearly by the rest of the mooring team. Consideration should be given to issuing the person in charge with a different colored high visibility vest and/or a different colored safety helmet. Occasionally the Master issues instructions from the bridge to a dedicated person in charge at each mooring station. The change out of mooring operation personnel, for example, due to shift change, should be avoided until the mooring operation is complete.

Communication

Communication between the mooring team is a key part of mooring procedures. VHF, talk back systems, hand signals and verbal communication are normally used. Be aware of any language barriers which can lead to miscommunication and an unintended action that may result in an accident. Always ensure that emergency sig-

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nals and procedures are understood and well-practiced. Ensure that after an instruction has been given or received it is repeated back to confirm it has been fully understood. Training should be carried out in these procedures.

Personal Protective Equipment

The mooring team should always be wearing the proper personal protective equipment (PPE). This should be verified by the team leader/person in charge. If the incorrect PPE is worn then the person should not be allowed to take part in the mooring operation until correctly attired. Typical PPE consists of the following items: coverall; safety boots; safety helmet; high visibility vest; gloves and buoyancy vest if working near shipside or quayside.

Danger Zones

Be aware of snap back zones and potential pinch points. The use of deck markings can greatly assist in the identification of these zones. Try to use common sense during mooring operations and if you can see a dangerous situation developing make sure that the stop signal is given. It is better to be safe than to ignore a dangerous situation. Do not forget that your view of the mooring operation may be different to that of others and you may be the only person who sees the development of a dangerous situation.

Ensure all crew that carry out mooring operations are trained in the identification and understanding of snap back zones.

Condition of Mooring Lines

Mooring lines should always be examined regularly for damage and records maintained. If in doubt over the condition of a mooring line, ensure that it is inspected by a competent person. When handling mooring lines particular attention should be paid to signs of fraying, any damage and signs of corrosion.

3. Read, translate and learn the duties of the AB during mooring operation.

My duties as an able seaman during M. O. are following: When the ship approaches the port, the master gives the command: “Stand by for mooring”.

In this case I must go to the bow. Together with a boatswain and other seamen we prepare the lines. We act according to orders from the bridge. First of all, it is necessary to deliver the heaving line to the berth.

After that we deliver the head line and forward spring. Then it is necessary to haul in the slack and make all lines fast. We do it with the help of the windlass. And at last we set anti-rat shields.

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In other case I must go to the stern. I must prepare the lines for the delivery to the berth.

First of all, it is necessary to deliver the stern line and the aft spring.

With the help of the capstan we haul in the slack and make all lines fast. We set anti-rat shields.

4. Read and translate extracts from Guide to Port Entry.

Klapeida: 55°43’N 21°07’E

Mooring: As usual there is the following mooring line configuration: 3 head / stern lines + 1 fore / aft spring. But mostly it depends of weather conditions and berth. The ship can use anchor for berthing. The mooring boats are not used for vessel’s mooring. There are shore mooring gangs in the port.

Nakhodka: 42°81’N 132°87’E

Mooring: 1. Ships are usually moored to oil loading pier and general cargo pier in position bow to exit and with anchor dropped on the off side The anchor cable of ships, lying at oil pier, should be prepared for quick release.

2.Prior to and in the process of mooring operations at oil pier PSI representative (duty captain), mooring team, oil loading master and hose (cargo arm) operators should be present on berth.

3.When tankers with gross tonnage of more than 20.000 tons moor to Berths

1 2 of oil pier, the head dolphin of oil pier may be used for their turning. Velocity at (he moment of launching the dolphin should not exceed 0.04 0.05 m/s. Ship’s velocity during approaching berth should not exceed 0.1 m/s at the angle of approach no more than 5 degrees.

4.Ships, being moored, are not allowed to operate main engines or thrusters within 20 meters from berth, except cases when such operation is required to avoid damage to ship or berth.

5.Mooring to Berths 1 5 of oil loading pier and to general cargo piers is allowed when wind blowing off the pier does not exceed 10 m/s, wind blowing onto the pier does not exceed 7.5 m/s and wave height does not exceed 1 meter.

6.It is prohibited to perform mooring operations if:

•wind velocity exceeds 15 m/s;

•visibility is less than 5 cables.

7. Mooring alongside tankers are prohibited for small craft and harbor vessels.

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5. Learn the mooring arrangement.

Mooring arrangement — Швартовное устройство

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Part 2

Practical exercises

Standard Marine Navigational Vocabulary

1. Study the phrases from the Standard Marine Navigational Vocabulary.

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