Professional English in Navigation. Учебное пособие для СПО

- a … (6) shall keep well clear of all vessels and avoid impeding their naviga-

tion;

-a … (7) underway shall keep out of a sailing vessel;

-a … (8) underway shall keep out of a vessel restricted in her ability to ma-

neuver.

(Abridged from the Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972 (COLREG 72))

Supplementary reading

Read and translate the text and speak about an accident in the TSS.

Navigating in TSS

Next time you are navigating in the Singapore Strait, just imagine if there was no traffic Separation scheme in that area or imagine crossing the Dover Strait without the presence of any Traffic separation zone. It would be chaos. The increase in accidents would be many folds.

There are 205 plus Traffic Separation Schemes adopted by the IMO which suggests that even if you have been sailing for only a couple of years, you would still have been in a TSS.

The purple zones and line that you see for TSS are only the imaginary lines drawn on the chart and you won’t find these marked on the sea water as your chief officer might have asked you to look for.

TSS makes the navigation a little easier but that also brings complacency that leads to seafarers making simple mistakes while using TSS.

In 2017 alone, there have been a number of major collisions in the TSS. One of those was the infamous collision between MSC Alexandra and the Dream II in Singapore Strait.

The very large crude carrier Dream collided with container ship MSC Alexandra in Singapore Strait on 2 nautical miles southeast off Sebarok island. The both vessels were proceeding on crossing routes, as the tanker was proceeding through the separation scheme in western direction, while the container ship MSC Alexandra was entering into the scheme from Singapore. The collision happened due to serious violation of the ColReg rules for vessels running on crossing routes. Following the collision, the crude carrier Dream suffered serious damages of the bow, while the container ship MSC Alexandra suffered damages in the port board. Also a dozens of

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empty containers fell overboard from the deck of MSC Alexandra. Fortunately, there is no report about injuries and water pollution.

The local authorities started investigation for the root cause of the accident. According to preliminary information, responsible for the collision was the duty officer of very large crude carrier Dream, who was neglecting the ColReg rules, as container ship MSC Alexandra was proceeding from the right board and have to be released by the tanker to enter in the separation scheme. On other side, the lack of communication and misunderstanding from the both duty officers was in the root cause of the collision.

The both ships were detained at the anchorage off Singapore and will need of repairs and inspection before return in operations. The VLCC and container carrier are in stable condition without danger for their seaworthiness.

During the accident the container ship MSC Alexandra was on route from Singapore to Chiwan, China.

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SECTION III

Part 1

Anchoring

1. Translate and study new vocabulary.

•roadstead

•berth, jetty

•wharf

•quay

•anchoring

•anchorage (area)

•to pay out (away)

•to let go

•depth

•bottom

•tidal stream

•off-shore

•bearing

•shelter

•good-holding ground

•bad-holding ground

•to heave up

•abeam, abreast

•afford anchorage

•anchor

•be at anchor

•lie at anchor

•ride at anchor

•cast anchor

•drop anchor

•weigh anchor

•avoid anchoring

•avoid swinging

•limit, border, boundary

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2. Read and translate.

1.Ships may anchor either in the open roadstead or in the inner harbor.

2.There-are several types of Anchorages:

•quarantine;

•explosives;

•temporary;

•reserved;

•D.W.

3.An anchoring plan must include and take into account:

• speed reduction, ship’s size and type of cargo;

• direction, strength of wind and current;

• tidal stream when maneuvering at low speeds;

• depth of water, type of seabed and the scope of anchor cable.

4.Check, if engine room and anchor party been informed of the time of “standby” for anchoring.

5.The anchor lights and sound signaling apparatus must be ready for use.

6.The anchor position must be reported to the Port Authority.

7.While at anchor, the OOW should:

•determine and plot the ship’s position on the chart as soon as practicable;

•when circumstances permit, check whether the ship is remaining securely at anchor by taking bearings;

•ensure that proper look-out is maintained;

•observe meteo and tidal conditions and the state of the sea;

•notify the master and undertake all necessary measures if the ship drags anchor or visibility reducing;

•ensure that the ship exhibits the appropriate lights and sound signals.

8.A vessel at anchor shall at intervals of not more than one-minute ring the bell rapidly for about 5 seconds in restricted visibility.

9. Take measures to protect the environment from pollution by the ship and comply with applicable pollution regulations.

3. Answer the questions.

1.What types of Anchorages do you know?

2.What shall the Master take into account before anchoring?

3.What must OOW report to the Port Authorities after anchoring?

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4.What are OOW actions, when at anchor?

5.What lights shall exhibit the vessel at anchor?

6.What sound signals in poor visibility shall the vessel give?

7.The scope of chain to be paid out depends on many factors. What are they?

8.What measures shall be taken for safe anchoring at night?

9.Should only one anchor be ready when anchoring?

10.Who is to determine how much of chain should be paid out?

11.What data to be put into the log-book by the OOW?

4. Read and translate extracts from Guide to Port Entry.

SOCHI: 43°34’N 39°43’E

ANCHORAGE: Deep drafted vessels may obtain anchorage in the Outer Roads Westward of the Northern mole. The depths in the roads are from 11 m to 12 m.

Some distance Westward, in depths 20 23 in., there are mooring buoys which can be used during vessels’ stay in the roads. Anchorage can also be obtained at 1.3 1.5 miles distance S.S.W. of the Sochi Lighthouse. Depths there are about 29 m. The bottom is mud with sand, and small stone closer to the shore. Anchorages arc open to winds blowing from the sea.

NOVOROSSIYSK (INCLUDING SHESKHARIS OIL HARBOUR):

44°43’N 37°47’E

ANCHORAGES: Anchorage in the outer roads of the port is allowed almost everywhere but most convenient places for the purpose are to be considered the following three areas. The first one is Area No. 415 situated to me North of the Doob Point. Depths there vary from 12 m, to 27 m, the holding ground is mud. In the event of winds blowing from seaward. Masters of all vessels are recommended to leave this area for the open sea. Area No. 414 is the second anchorage place, situated 8 cable lengths Westward of the Penai Point. Depths there are from 13 m, to 27 m, the holding ground is mud and mud with shell. The third place is Area No. 412 situated 6 cable lengths South-Eastward of the port entrance. Depths there are from 20 m. to 24 m. Vessels approaching the port of Novoiossiysk with N.E. gales («Вога») blowing, or caught by the storm whilst lying in the outer or inner roads, or after having received storm warning, should use every opportunity to proceed to sea or by at anchor in the Yuzhnaya. Ozereika Roads (Anchorage Points No. 408 and 410), having the main engines ready and keeping constant anchor watch.

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Under the circumstances, every vessel should keep regular radio contact with port radio station. Masters of vessels lying at anchor in the outer roads and / or in the port, are usually warned beforehand about the forthcoming N.E. winds. Since these winds may reach hurricane force during a very short period of time, particularly in Winter, all Masters lying at anchor in Novorossiysk Bay are recommended to pay careful attention at every change of the weather, to watch position of vessel to be able to prevent her drifting about anchor and proceed to sea in due time.

5. Read following abbreviation and translate them into Russian.

•S.M.Sh.

•syM.fG.

•fS.syCy.

•S.G.Sh.

•S.syM.

•S.Si.G.

5. Read and translate into Russian.

•a designated area for vessels, shown on the chart;

•holding ground is poor;

•the recommended anchorage within an extensive area;

•the depth is about 33 m over a bottom of sand;

•a safe anchorage can be obtained in ...;

•a quarantine anchorage which serves as the pilot’s boarding place;

•anchorage I obtainable about 5 ½ m;

•the holding ground is reported to be moderate;

•with partial shelter from N and NW winds

6. Translate from Russian into English.

1.Якоря готовы к отдаче.

2.Притравить якоря.

3.Вы можете стать на якорь, пока не прибудет лоцман.

4.Вы должны стать на якорь, пока вода не достигнет достаточного уровня.

5.Не становитесь на якорь в этой точке.

6.Постановка на якорь запрещена!

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7.Вы должны подобрать якорь-цепь до трех смычек.

8.Судно пришло на якорь?

9.Вы затрудняете движение других судов.

10.Сигнальный якорный шар поднять.

Part 2

Practical exercises

1. Read the commands. Learn them by heart.

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Supplementary reading

1. Read and translate the text

Marine Accident Brief: Anchor Contact of Articulated Tug and Barge Clyde S VanEnkevort / Erie Trader with Underwater Cables and Pipelines

Executive Summary

At 1732 local time on April 1, 2018, the articulated tug and barge (ATB) Clyde S VanEnkevort / Erie Trader was westbound with a crew of 14 in the Straits of Mackinac, Michigan, when the barge’s starboard anchor, which had unknowingly released and was dragging on the bottom, struck and damaged three underwater electrical transmission cables and two oil pipelines. About 800 gallons of dielectric mineral oil leaked into the water from the cables; the oil pipelines sustained only superficial damage. Repair and replacement of the cables was estimated at more than $100 million. No injuries were reported.

Probable Cause

The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of the anchor contact of articulated tug and barge Clyde S VanEnkevort / Erie Trader

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with underwater electricity transmission cables and oil pipelines was the failure of the anchor detail to secure the barge’s starboard anchor, and the improper adjustment of the anchor brake band after the engineering crew replaced the brake liner, the combination of which allowed the anchor and chain to pay out under way.

2. Translate the following word combinations into Russian.

Westbound, articulated tug, had unknowingly released, transmission cables, sustain, superficial damage, improper adjustment of the anchor brake band.

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