How Stuff Works. Пособие по развитию аудирования и навыков устной речи

lots of e-mail messages. People don't know how all the process of sending e-mail works, they just take it for granted that e-mail from one point follows to another one. Now, I will write to my friend's house in Santa Barbara - Bob Green. OK? And I will send it. I've been troubled because one of my dogs, it's sick. And I want to know what she is doing. OK, question mark. I'm gonna hit "send" right now and then you're gonna tell me where it is going, OK? I sent it.

We will see. Bob, did you get it?

Bob Green: Hey Оh, I got your e-mail.

O.W: So, what happens when I hit the send-button?

Marshall Brain: All right. So, there is a great piece of animations that's been created. When you hit the send-button, the e-mail is going to go and get turned into a little digital package of information. And this little digital package of information is gonna go from your computer to any e-mail server.

O.W: Is it going to pack it? Does it really pack it itself? M.B: Yes, it is a little package.

O.W: Ok, they all come together. OK.

21

M.B: And in your case it goes to the HARPO server. O.W: And where is the HARPO server?

M.B: There is actually a room about two doors down and it is a HARPO server room. O.W: And it has a server. I'm telling you, this is for illitarites. OK. So, there is a server and it is a physical thing.

M.B: Yes, it is a box, a computer. O.W: Is it big or small?

M.B: It is about big as a bread box. O.W: OK, good, that's my server.

M.B: And you work in the company who has figuring out its own server. But if you are at home, you might have a server with YAHOO, AOL or whatever. You somehow connect your e-mail server. Now, it's like a post-office.

22

O.W: So, it went through some wires there.

M.B: Yeah, in this case there is a cable and let’s stop the animation for one second here.

O.W: Stop.

M.B: So, it went through cable and it landed in the server, in your server room. And from there...

O.W: OK, I'm just questioning. I'm asking especially for the viewers. What are all things here? Where is my computer on the screen?

M.B: Near the Lake Michigan (ha-ha).

O.W: OK, I'm here and then it went to this thing here, to HARPO server. M.B: Right, to HARPO server.

O.W: Through some wires, I think, it’s not just in the air.

M.B: That’s right, yeah. They went through wires, got your server, and your server just going to toss it out under the Internet and the Internet is going to figure out how to get it and where it is going.

O.W: And this is a big question - where is the Internet?

M.B: The Internet is a set of computers and mostly a set of fiber optic wires that people have buried all over the US, all around the world.

O.W: That's a physical thing – the wires and the computers. See, I'm thinking it is just going up to the East via America through some server and now to...

M.B: These all are called routers and the routers are like a postman in the post office who looks at the address or e-mail and says "Well, this needs to go to the East Barbara".

O.W: OK. And where are routers?

M.B: They are in buildings around America; there is usually an office park, a building without windows and has something in order to protect it.

23

O.W: All these routers have been placed there by whom?

M.B: By companies like MCI, Earth... They maintain all these routers to work. O.W: So, they put their routers in the machine.

M.B: Yes, these routers are all over the country, in the buildings. Right? O.W: The routers are placed there by...

M.B: Companies.

O.W: And there are different buildings all over the country.

M.B: That's right. And they are like people in the post office who look at the address and say "well this needs to be sent to the East Barbara"

O.W: But the boxes (routers) are doing themselves.

M.B: Yeah, without any people. So, this box would be your e-mail. And it says: “This is going to Santa Barbara”. So it finds another router closer to Santa Barbara. And it sends it off and looks at it again, on this router it says that I should go to another one router closer to Santa Barbara too. And we should start the animation. This makes it all the way across the country to Bob's e-mail server here in Santa Barbara. Well we get to the server. Great! So, inside the AOL, in this case, there is another computer that is Bob's e-mail server.

24

O.W: And how we get the AOL?

M.B: We followed all that path through the country.

O.W: And now we're in the AOL server

M.B: Right, because of the address you type to Bob, we know...

O.W: His on the AOL.

M.B: Yes, that's exactly right. So, the е-mail lands in Bob's server which is also like a post office and there is a PO box for Bob in that server. Let's start the animation. When Bob logs in next time, his computer talks to that server.

O.W: His computer talks to the server. OK. M.B: And gets the e-mail.

O.W: And gets the e-mail. And now all these happened in 4 seconds.

25

M.B: In half a second.

O.W: I sent e-mail from Africa and I was on the phone with somebody and literally I count it I'm going hit "send" 1, 2, 3... And it was in the United States. I think that's amazing! Is it amazing?

OK, I'm checking my e-mail that I got from Bob - 'Tracy, was very sick that morning, we took him to the bed and she is there right now". OK, pray for... "What are you typing with your toes?"

Лексико-грамматические задания

1. Закончите диалоги, используя следующие выражения:

a)-What do you do to … - I’m a programmer.

b)- I just… that e-mail from one point follows to another one -That’s right

-However T can’t… how all the process of sending e –mail works.

c)-What happens when I …

-When you hit the ‘send’ button the e-mail is going to go and get turn into a little … of information.

2. Найдите английские эквиваленты в тексте:

1)Люди не понимают, как осуществляется процесс отправления e-mail сообщения.

2)Они принимают, как само собой разумеется, что e-mail поступает от одной точки в другую.

3)…. и превращается в небольшой цифровой пакет информации.

4)Это представляет собой множество компьютеров.

5)Он (сигнал) прошел по кабелю и прибыл в сервер.

6)… а Интернет будет его распознавать и решать, куда его направить.

7)… набор оптико-волоконных проводов, которые люди закопали по всей территории штатов и всего мира. Они называются маршрутизаторами?

26

Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1.What is the subject matter of the discussion at the current TV show?

2.What is the first step of sending e-mail?

3.In what form does the e-mail travel?

4.What equipment is involved in sending e-mail from one point to another?

5.How did Marshal Brain explain the idea of the Internet?

6.What are routers? Where are they placed? What function do they perform?

27

STOCK MARKET

Слова и выражения по тексту:

1.to school = to teach – обучать

2.stock = share – акция, доля

3.ownership = the fact of owning something – факт владения чем-то (недви-

жимостью, акциями)

4.to own – to have something that belongs to you – владеть чем-то

5.to go public – to act openly – выставить на продажу

6.NASDAQ – National association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation –

Система автоматической котировки национальной ассоциации дилеров по ценным бумагам (СИК)

7.to stand for – it a letter or symbol stands for something I represents a word or idea as a short form – означать, обозначать

8.a dealer – someone who buys and sells a particular product – дилер, торговец

9.a broker – someone who buys and sells shares in companies or foreign money for other people – маклер, посредник

10.FICA – Federal Insurance Contribution Act – пенсионное и медицинское страхование граждан государством

28

11.pay check =paycheck – the amount of wages someone earns (American English) – зарплата

12.to inquire – осведомляться, наводить справки

13.to hold back – сдерживать, удерживать

14.Medicare – a system by which the US government helps to pay for the medical treatment of old people – (амер.) страхование здоровья престарелых (Правительственная программа в США и Канаде)

15.social security – (амер.) Социальное страхование (Гос. программа, обеспечивающая выплату пенсий по безработице, инвалидности, бедности)

16.to match – подходить, соответствовать, приводить в соответствие 17.Medicare benefits – пенсия, страховое пособие

18.a heir – наследник

19.paper work ** – работа с документами

20.demand – спрос, потребность

21.on the floor – в зале

22.account – счет, учетная запись

23.financial wizard – финансовый гений

Oprah: Maria Bartiromo has a financial column of the Business Week and she is one of the smartest women. She is going to school on the matter that we can all know what we're talking about money; we are at stock at the basic. So what is the stock?

Maria Bartiromo: The Stock is ownership in a company. So you have a friend who is doing well and has a business, a small business and decides: "I want to take this business to the next level. I need money to do that. I'm going to go public. I want to sell part of that company to the public." And then the banker comes, they value the

29

business and divide it up into shares. And that gives individuals the opportunity to own the part of that business. So the stock is ownership of a company.

Oprah: Ok. That is the simplest answer I've ever heard. Ok and question is from Keisha.

Keisha: Hi, Oprah! I'm always wondering what is the NASDAQ and what does it stands for?

Oprah: Oh, good!

Maria: Rapidly, before I'll tell you what it is, before I'll tell you what it stands for, because when I'll tell you what it is, it will sound badly than it is. All this is an electronic computer system where brokers and dealers will buy and sell stocks. Just like you're buying something on EBay you can buy and sell stocks on NASDAQ. What it stands for - National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quote System, computer system.

Oprah: That's where we buy stocks. OK. And when you're comparing what you did with the share the last year you often look at NASDAQ, that’s what some people do. Maria: Well you want to look at where the stocks were a year ago and you can get them up or down somewhere the year ago.

Oprah: OK. Next question.

Unknown: What I want to know is who is FICA and why does it take so much money to pay for my paycheck?

Maria: Mr. FICA - Federal Insurance Contribution Act. Basically a Federal law that requires employees and employers to hold back a portion of our paycheck, put it into a fund then when we 65 we'll pay for a medic care and social security. Every two weeks you have to pay as an employee 7, 65 % of your check. Your employer will match that another 7, 65 % of your check for total 15, 2 % goes into a fund. And then

30