How Stuff Works. Пособие по развитию аудирования и навыков устной речи
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O.W.: So, I’m really just calling you as a prop because we need down some even digits.
Gale: My phone is working fine!
O.W.: OK! So, Marshall is going to walk us through how the phone works. Goodbye
Gale, I’ll speak to you later. Gale: Oh, I won’t get that part?
O.W.: Oh sure you want to hear? Gale: Yeah, I want to hear. O.W.: Ok, go ahead Marshall.
M.B.: All right! When you pick up the phone you let the hook switch – there is a little plastic piece of area that goes up.
O.W.: Can you hear? Gale: Yeah, I can hear.
M.B.: So that told the phone company that you want to make a call and it sends you a dial tone and you dial the number.
O.W.: Yes and it went though there.
M.B.: Right! So stop the animation right there. Now the phone company has got
Gale’s number and it is gonna in route, it’s going to make a path that goes all the way to Gale’s office in New-York.
O.W.: OK.
M.B.: So, let’s just roll. It’s going to find the whole path and here we are at Gale’s phone. Now, as soon as that path is figured out…
O.W.: Wait wait wait. Where did it go? Where is the path?
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M. B.: Good . Can we go back a bit. So, throughout America there are little concrete buildings again that have no windows that hold telephone switching equipment…
There are fiber optic cables exploit between all these buildings have computers inside of them. And they say “well, this call needs to go to NY,”. So, they patch together a set of cables.
O.W.: Within a split second?
M.B.: Yes. Within a half of second probably. And at that point, let it roll, they get to
Gale’s switch and as soon as path is figured out, her phone rings. She picks up the phone and she starts talking to you, just like this.
O.W.: Ok. Gale, they take a tape of you, they got the bad tape of you! M.B.: So, it all can flow through the network and all these couples of wires.
O.W.: The woman was right, yes? That is sort of right. That is what she said up there.
M.B.: Yes! Then Gale’s voice flows back along the same path to you. And let’s roll. O.W.: As you… I mean as soon as you say it?
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M.B.: Right, no delay at all. And your phone takes a signal and uses a speaker to convert it into the sound wave and you hear what exactly Gale said instantly.
O.W.: Did Alexander Bell do all that? M.B.: That was how he started.
O.W.: That wasn’t so good as it started.
M.B.: Of course no , we used to have people who plugged up wires instead of computer.
O.W.: Ok, thanks! Gale, I’ll talk to you later.
Лексико-грамматические задания
1. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на значения следующих сочетаний:
as soon as – time, immediately after event – как только as far as - distance – насколько, так далеко как
as long as – time, duration – пока, до тех пор пока
The superb view stretched as far as the eye could see.
I’ll call you as soon as I get home from work.
She has got as far as the railway station before he found her.
You can use my car as long as you need it.
2. Прочтите примеры и закрепите косвенные вопросы в диалогах:
Why are you calling me? |
|
I don’t know why you are calling me. |
Where is the bank? |
|
I don’t know where the bank is. |
Why were they crying? |
|
I don’t know why they were crying. |
When can he visit us? |
|
I don’t know when he can visit us. |
A. |
A. |
Where is the money? |
|
B. |
I don't know where the money is. |
I don't know . .. , I don't remember. . . , I can't remember. . . , I've forgotten, I’m-not sure ..., I have no idea . . .
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1. Where are my keys?
4. When will the train arrive?
7. How long have Mr. and Mrs. Goldfield been • married?
2. What was his license number?
5. Who should I call?
8. How long has Alan been working here?
3.What are they arguing about?
6. Who was the eleventh president of the United States?
9. When is Santa Claus going to come?
Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:
1.What issue was supposed to be discussed in the current episode?
2.Do many people in the hall know how the telephone works?
3.What happens when you pick up the phone?
4.How does the company understand that you want to make a call?
5.In what case will you be able to dial the number?
6.As soon as the phone company recognizes the number of a calling side what does it do?
7.What is the telephone switching equipment made up of?
8.What function does it perform?
9.How long does it take for an electric signal to reach the called side?
10.How does a signal travel?
11.Where is the telephone switching equipment housed?
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HOW MICROWAVE WORKS
Слова и выражения по тексту:
1.Either…or – либо… либо
2.a bunch of - a lot of – множество
3.to keep away – to avoid – избегать
4.…making your microwave “clean” – загрязняя вашу микроволновую печь
5.staple – a small piece of thin wire that is pushed into sheets of paper and lend over to hold them together – скобка
6.to spark – давать искру
7.When we are talking good – having a nice chat – беседуем
8.get zaps – be hit and injured – получить травму
O.W.: 84% of you said they had no idea of how microwave works. So we are here to admit it, we have no clue. But I'm going to put this chicken in here and I'll eat it up. I can use it till I'm hungry.
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(Turning on the wave)Aha, 'quick minute'... here "start". What is happening now when I hit "start” button?
M.B.: Well, the miracle of the microwave starts here. (Let’s begin with the animation). You close the door, you put the chicken in, you hit the “start” button and when you hit that “start” button, the microwave has a little metal box inside that is called the magnetron and that metal box's job is to produce the microwaves, which are going to heat your food and they are just radio waves.
O.W.: They are radio waves.
M.B.: This little middle metal fan breaks them (radio waves) up and spreads them through the oven, they ricochet after walls and they heat the food directly and food should contains either sugar or fat, or water molecules. So, microwave come down, they heat the microwave like we are seeing here. Micro waves heat the molecules and they excite those molecules. And excitement turns in to the heat. So in the chicken pretty much every molecule of sugar, fat and water inside the chicken has been excited by some microwaves.
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O.W.: Wow! The chicken is really just a bunch of much excited molecules. Now, why don’t they get heat the paper towel when we put it in the microwave? We put it over there as a lot of people do this. Does it really help to keep away some strain or what?
M.B.: It really helps if the food, you know, parts of the food burst to anything making your microwave "clean". It helps a lot.
O.W.: But why doesn't the paper towel get hot?
M.B.: It doesn't contain sugar, water or fat molecules like plastic - it doesn't get hot in microwave, also ceramics...
O.W.: Some plastic does.
M.B.: Yes and some ceramics also do. Just depends on what kinds of molecules it has.
O.W.: Really?
M.B.: Yeah, some molecules are sensitive to microwaves, in some metals for example.
O.W.: Ok, why I can't put metal in?
M.B.: When microwaves heat metal they create electricity inside of it and if the metal is thick it’s OK. But if it is like a little coin staple or something...
O.W.: Yeah, not big as a chicken for example.
M.B.: That electricity heats the metal up and it burns first and flames, you know it sparks or something. So, generally, we just don't put any metal in it but big piece of metal it will be ok.
O.W.: Really? Ok, now where are all those microwaves, radio waves and all waves? Yet undiscovered? They are always here all the time or they are not? M.B.: There are probably a hundred radio programs, TV programs passing through your body, cell phones calls all these radio waves. They are all around us and they are passing us right there when we are talking good.
O.W.: Really, is it dangerous to use cell-phone? That's a big question everybody has. М.В.: There is some evidence that they must be dangerous but there is a lot of evidence saying they are not. So, when you use your cell-phone just solve that problem for yourself.
O.W.: Ok. If I stand directly in front of the microwave can I get zaps somehow? M.B.: Well if it's working properly - without any doubts.
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Лексико-грамматические задания
1. Обратите внимание на использование в предложениях следующих выражений:
“either”, “either…or”, “both”, “both…and”, “so”
a.“Either …or” used to begin a list of two or more possibilities – либо…либо
Example: Sightseeing is best done either by tour bus or by bicycles.
b.“Either” is used to show that one or the other of two things or people can be
chosen. – любой
Example: Either way is acceptable.
c. “Either” is used to show that a negative statement is true about both of two things or people. – никакой из…
Example: I’ve lived in New York and Chicago but don’t like either city very much.
d.Either side/end/hand etc means both sides, ends, hands etc. – любой Example: There are shops at either end of the street.
e.“Both” is used to talk about two people, things etc together and emphasize that each is included. – оба (обе)
Example: Both her parents were dead.
f.You use the structure “both…and” to emphasize that something is true not just of one person, thing or situation but also of another. – как…так и…
Example: The prospects both excited and worried me.
g. In this text “so” is used in the meaning “for that reason” or “therefore”. –
поэтому
Example: So, we are here to admit it.
2.Вставьте пропущенные слова. Используйте “both”, “both…and”, “either”, “either…or”, “so” на месте пропусков:
1.They …started speaking together.
2.…method can be used.
3.She is the kind of person you…love…hate.
4.Oxford is not far from Stafford…you can visit …of them.
5.There were two witnesses but I wouldn’t trust … of them.
6.It’s your choice! …she leaves…I will!
7.He sat in the back of the ear with a policeman on …side.
8.…he …his wife enjoy tennis.
3.Найдите соответствующие фразы в тексте:
1.Когда микроволны нагревают металл, они создают электричество
внутри него.
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2.Возбуждение превращается в тепло.
3.Этот небольшой, в середине расположенный фен, разбивает радиоволны и распределяет их по всей печи.
4.Есть определенное доказательство того, что они (сотовые телефоны) должны быть опасными, но есть и много подтверждений того, что это не так.
4.Определите, какое утверждение соответствует содержанию текста:
1.Microwave heating is more efficient on liquids with higher density.
2.Microwaves heat the molecules and they excite food molecules.
3.Microwave heating can be explained as a resonance of water molecules.
4.It is stated that food composition and the frequency influence microwave penetration depth.
5.Определите основную идею текста:
1.The work of microwave oven is carried out at a certain frequency.
2.Penetration depth of microwaves depends on food stuff and the frequency.
3.Microwaves heat the molecules of food, they get excited. This excitement turns to the heat.
4.The radio waves are all around us.
6.Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:
1.What did O.W. have to admit after questioning the audience?
2.What happens inside the microwave when you hit the “start” button?
3.How do microwaves operate inside the microwave?
4.Why doesn’t the paper towel get hot in the microwave?
5.What may happen to metals if they are put into the microwave?
6.Is it dangerous to use cell phones?
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HOW E-MAIL IS SENT
Слова и выражения по текст:
1.… who can’t work anything – которая не разбирается в технике
2.to make a living – зарабатывать на жизнь
3.figure out – understand, - solve – понять
4.stuff = things – вещи. Здесь: технические средства
5.take it for granted – принимать во внимание
6.to hit “send” – to press the ‘send’ button – нажать кнопку «отправить»
7.digital package – цифровой пакет
8.HARPO SERVER (as well as YAHOO, AOL) – Интернет серверы
9.illiterite – неграмотный
10.a bulk of computers – a lot of – множество компьютеров
11.to land – to arrive at – прибывать, поступать
12.maintain – поддерживать
13.the boxes(routers) are doing themselves –are not supervised by people –
маршрутизаторы действуют в автоматическом режиме
14.P.O. box – почтовый ящик
Oprah Winfrey: So I’m one of those people who can't work anything. Really I can barely turn on my TV. And I was feeling very bad. And when I read this article the other day in "News Today"; I realize how all these people can turn on their TVs. I'm still trying to figure out, you know, a lot of things. This is Marshall Brain who makes a living figuring it all out. He wrote a book "How; stuff works". THERE IS A BOOK OF HOW STUFF WORKS! He created one of the most popular web-sites called "howstuffworks.com". I want you to show us how e-mail works. Every day we send
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