Figure skating. Фигурное катание. Лексико-грамматический практикум по английскому языку

Упражнение 63. Сопоставьте оригинал с переводом. Найдите различие (добавления, опущения, генерализацию, конкретизацию):

Упражнение 64. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Найдите информацию о причинах травм; о видах трав; о разминке; об отдыхе; о питании:

ACCIDENTS AND INJURIES IN FIGURE SKATING

If you ever think about, it fi gure skating is the hardest sport in the world! Skaters have to have speed, balance, grace, guts, strength, and perfect timing. Injuries are common in every sport and fi gure skating is no different. In a sport where athletes fly through the air at top speed with knives on their feet, accidents, though rare, are bound to happen.

Figure skating isn’t all just toe loops and twirls. Figure skaters fall.Alot. When learning a new jump or lift, they fall hundreds, even thousands of times. Accidents and injuries are at least ninety-fi ve per cent due falls. Most falls are harmless. Falls are basically caused by 1.loss of timing; 2. inexperience on the particular time or move; 3. carelessness and collisions; 4. extremely bad ice conditions.

According to the American Orthopedic Society for Sports Medicine, the most common fi gure skating injuries are caused either by overuse and/or trauma. Single skaters “have a higher incidence of overuse injuries, while pair skaters and ice dancers are more prone to traumatic injuries”. Many falls and collisions occur when one or the other member of the team is tired, distracted, angry and so on.

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Here are some examples of common fi gure skating injuries:

Common Traumatic Injuries

•Ankle sprains and fractures

•Dislocation of the patella or shoulder

•ACL and meniscal tears

•Head injury and concussion

•Labral tears of the hip

•Lacerations

Common Overuse Injuries

•Stress fractures, most commonly to the foot or spine

•Stress reactions, such as shin splints and medial tibial stress syndrome

•Tendonitis – Achilles, patellar, or peroneal

•Muscle strains of the hip

•Jumpers knee or patellofemoral syndrome

•Apophysitis – Osgood-Schlatter (knee) or iliac crest (hip)

•Bursitis in the ankle

•Lace bite, an irritation of the tibialis anterior and toe extensor tendon Knowledge and understanding of an item are two of the most important safety

factors in all of fi gure skating.

A warm-up is a vital part of injury prevention in every sport. It also helps to prepare you mentally and physically. Warm-ups should get the heart rate up to increase the fl ow of blood around the body, in preparation for more strenuous activity. It should also warm and stretch the muscles to ensure they are working to their optimum and do not sustain an injury due to being cold and inflexible. A warmup should consist of a minimum of 5 minutes cardio, pulse-raising exercise such as jogging, cycling, skipping etc. This should be followed by dynamic stretches. These have more recently replaced the use of static stretches. They include drills such as running with high knees, heels to bum and cariocas. This should be performed for a minimum of 5 minutes, up to a maximum of 20 minutes, with movements gradually becoming larger and faster. This is preferable to static stretching as it keeps the body warmer and heart rate higher, and more resembles the type of movements, which are required in most sports.

Wearing the right kind of protective equipment is vital to avoiding injury in figure skating practices. Padding can be worn on most parts of the body. Gloves can be worn; however, few skaters are willing to wear a helmet.

Resting is an important part of any athletes training program! Physiological changes within the cardiovascular, respiratory, and muscular systems in our bodies, occur when we are at rest. Overtraining often results in injuries due to fatigue causing poor technique and overuse type injuries. If you feel at all unwell, tired or in pain, you should rest until better.

In order to play in the higher levels of any sport, training is vitally important. Training not only the cardiovascular and muscular systems but also techniques and

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tactics are required to make sure the body is strong, coordinated and fl exible as well as the mind being prepared and focused to name but a few.

Proper nutrition is important. A bad diet will prevent you from recovering from training sessions making you more prone to injury. A balanced diet is what you should aim for:

1.Carbohydrate is important for refueling muscles

2.Protein rebuilds muscles

3.If you become dehydrated then less blood will fl ow through muscles. The muscles will be more prone to injury

4.Vitamins and minerals are required for a number of reasons related to recovery. Much of what is discussed above should be part of your sporting routine. A biomechanical analysis can help identify possible injury risks. Orthotic devices can help. Also an assessment from a sports therapist or specialist can identify weak areas and possible injury risks. A course of exercises specifi c to your needs can give you the best chance of avoiding injury. Padded shorts; elbow and kneepads

So, if you ever want to join fi gure skating, go right ahead!

Упражнение 65. Напишите аннотацию к тексту, используя следующие

речевые образцы:

The title of the article is...

The subject of the article is...

The purpose of the article is to show...

The main idea of the article ...

The contents of the article is...

The author says that…

The author analyses/ explains/ characterizes/ describes…

Some parts of the article deal with …

The author gives interesting facts/ fi gures concerning…

The author points out....../It is shown that...

In conclusion the author says …/The author concludes that...

To my mind …/ As far as I know.../ As a matter of fact…

I found the article to be very educative/ interesting/ useful…

Упражнение 66 . Прочитайте текст и переведите устно:

TATIANA ANATOLYEVNA TARASOVA

TatianaAnatolyevnaTarasovawasbornonthe13thofFebruaryin1947isaRussian figure skating coach and national fi gure skating team adviser. Tarasova has been coach to more world and Olympic champions than any other coach in skating history.

Her students have won a total of seven Olympic gold medals in three of the four Olympic fi gure skating disciplines, in addition to 41 gold medals at the European and World championships.

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Competitive career

Tarasova competed in pair skating with Aleksandr Tikhomirov and Georgi Proskurin. With Proskurin, she was a two-time Soviet national medalist. They finished 7th at the 1965 World Championships and 4th at the 1966 European Championships. At 18 years of age, Tarasova sustained a career-ending injury.

Later career

Tarasova started coaching at age 19, at her father’s insistence. Her most notable students have beenAlexeiYagudin, Ilia Kulik, Natalia Bestemianova /Andrei Bukin, Oksana Grishuk / Evgeni Platov, Ekaterina Gordeeva / Sergei Grinkov, Marina Klimova / Sergey Ponomarenko, and Irina Rodnina / Alexander Zaitsev.

In the mid-1990s, Tarasova launched the Russian All-Stars, an ice ballet. She coached for ten years at Simsbury, Connecticut’s International Skating Center before announcing her retirement from full-time coaching and moving back to Russia in 2006.

Her students have included:

1.Mao Asada. She coached Asada from 2008 until 2010. Asada won the 2010 World title and 2010 Olympic silver medal under Tarasova. Tarasova continues to choreograph for her.

2.Shizuka Arakawa. Led her to win the World Championships in 2004 and Olympic gold medal in 2006 together with Nikolai Morozov.

3.Maxim Kovtun. Coached and choreographed his programs starting 2012.

4.NataliaBestemianova/AndreiBukin.LedthemtofourWorldChampionships and the Olympic gold medal in 1988.

5.Artem Borodulin. Coached him and choreographed programs.

6.Shae-Lynn Bourne / Victor Kraatz. World champions in 2003 in ice dance.

7.Galit Chait / Sergei Sakhnovski.World bronze medalists in 2002.

8.Sasha Cohen. Coached 2002-2004. Was also her choreographer.

9.Annette Dytrt. Choreographed programs for her.

10.Barbara Fusar-Poli / Maurizio Margaglio. World champions in 2001 in ice

dance.

11.Elene Gedevanishvili. Has worked with her during multiple periods of her

career.

12.Timothy Goebel. Choreographed multiple programs for him.

13.OksanaGrishuk/EvgeniPlatov.LedthemtowinfourWorldChampionships and two Olympic gold medals in 1994 and 1998.

14.Ekaterina Gordeeva / Sergei Grinkov. Four-time World Champions and twice Olympic gold medalists in 1988 and 1994.

15.Brian Joubert: choreographed his programs in the 2004-season.

16.Marina Klimova / Sergey Ponomarenko. Led them to three World Championships and the Olympic gold medal in 1992.

17.Ilia Kulik. Was also his choreographer. Led him to win the Olympic gold medal in 1998.

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18.Michelle Kwan. Choreographed a lot of her programs.

19.Evan Lysacek Choreographed multiple programs for him.

20.Kevin Reynolds. Choreographed some of his programs.

21.IrinaRodnina/AlexanderZaitsev.LedthemtowinsixWorldChampionships and two Olympic gold medals in 1976 and 1980.

22.Maxim Kovtun. Choreographed his programs.

23.Adelina Sotnikova. Choreographed her programs.

24.Denis Ten. Worked with him during periods of his career as well as choreographed programs for him.

25.Sergei Voronov. Choreographed programs for him.

26.Johnny Weir. Choreographed multiple programs for him.

27.Alexei Yagudin. Coached and choreographed him from 1998 to his retirement in 2003. Led him to three World Championships and an Olympic gold medal in 2002.

Tarasova is assisted by choreographer Jeanetta Folle.

Honours and awards

Tarasova was awarded Order of Friendship of Peoples (1984). In March 2008, she was inducted into the World Figure Skating Hall of Fame.

OrderofMeritfortheFatherland,3rdclass(27February1998)–foroutstanding athletic achievement at the XVIII Olympic Winter Games in 1998; Order of Honour (13 February 2007) – for outstanding contribution to the development of physical culture and sport and many years of fruitful activity; Order of the Red Banner of Labour, twice; Order of the Badge of Honour (1976); Order of Friendship of Peoples (1984); Honoured coach of the USSR (1975); Honoured coach of the RSFSR (1972); Honoured Artist of the RSFSR; Master of Sports of international class

Упражнение 67. Напишите эссе (сочинение небольшого объёма) по теме: “Великие тренеры. Удача или каждодневный труд” используя примерную структуру эссе и фразы:

1.В первом абзаце (введении) необходимо сообщить читателю тему Вашего эссе, перефразировав ее, используя синонимы ключевых слов (показывая, что вы её осмыслили).

It is generally agreed today that… – Сегодня общепризнано, что ...

2.В втором и третьем абзаце требуется рассмотреть аргументы “за” и “против”

To begin with, … . Начнем с того, что ...

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It is a well-known fact that ... . Хорошо известно, что ...

What is more, … . Более того, ... .

Doubtless, ... . Несомненно, ... .

The other side of the coin is, however, that ... . Однако, с другой стороны, ... .

3. В четвертом абзаце (заключении) эссе сделайте обобщающий вывод. To draw the conclusion, one can say that … . Подводя итог, можно ска-

зать, что ... .

Упражнение 68. Прочитайте текст и переведите выделенные слова:

ORIGINAL TRAINING METHODS

Alexander Vedenin worked out original training methods based on his 30 years of personal experience as a World and Olympic coach and development manager. He worked for a long time with the world’s best coaches such as Tatiana Tarasova, Viktor Kudriavtsev, Valentin Nikolayev, Alexei Mishin, Rafail Arutjunjan and Shanetta Folle, and this contributed a lot to developing the ideas and methods described below.

A. “How To Teach Young Skaters”

(Upgrade to Learn To Skate programs) Training methods and a system of exercises enabling young skaters to learn the basics of fi gure skating technique. These methods help acquire the technical skills that will provide a basis for adapting in a quicker way to the new requirements of modern fi gure skating. The general idea of these methods is the “Concept of Technique,” where the technique of difficult elements is built on the same principles as the technique of basic skating skills.

B. “Concept of Technique in Figure Skating”.

Principles of “Correct Technique” in skating.Asystem of exercises to teach the Elements of Single Figure Skating (Jumps, Spins, and Steps). From Single Jumps to Triple and Quadruple Jumps. From basic positions in Spins to diffi cult variations.

C. “Skating Skills”.

A comprehensive package of exercises for skaters to learn and improve their skating skills (Flows, Edges, Turns, and Steps) at different levels (from Preliminary to World competitors).

Упражнение 69. Выберите из текста синонимы слов:

Instructor, introductory, contemporary, modify, sportsmen, inclusive, get, gliding, named

Упражнение 70. Сопоставьте имя человека с тем, что оно обозначает. Напишите эпонимы:

Эпонúм (др.-греч. έπώνυμος – букв. давший имя) – реальный или легендарный человек или герой, в честь которого получил своё имя какой-либо спортивный термин.

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Упражнение 71. Переведите международные слова:

Order, synchronize, lift, minute, rhythm, original, section, sport, meeting, discipline, moment, unison, start, sort, calendar, club, international, special, million, police, partner, program, President, university, universal, collage,form, opposite, organizer, position, group, champion, expert, vitamin.

Упражнение 72. Ознакомьтесь с таблицей основных различий между британским и американским английским:

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Упражнение 73. Замените выделенные слова на AE:

1.– Excuse me, please. Could you tell me the way to the station?

–Turn round and turn left at the lamppost.

–Would you tell me how to get to the town centre? Will it take me long to get

there?

–No, it’s no distance at all. Take the tram №5

–Thank you.

2.– Excuse me, but I’m lost. Where’s the cinema?

–Take the third on the right and go straight on.

–Is there a car park?

–No, you can take a taxi.

–Thanks a lot.

3.– Can I help you, Madam?

–I’d like to book a fl at in this block of fl ats.

–Would you like an expensive fl at.

–No I don’t want an expensive fl at.

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–Would you like the ground fl oor or the fi rst fl oor?

–I’d like on the fi rst fl oor with corridor, drawing-room and furniture.

–What furniture would you like?

–I’d like a wardrobe where I can keep my trousers, braces, boots, waistcoat, vest, dressing gown costume and sunglasses and others, kitchen sideboard

with tins, tinned foods, a jug with juice, frying pan and comfortable coach.

–Can I have a private letter box?

–Certainly.

–Is there a lift?

–Yes. Would you like to see it?

–Thank you very much.

–This way, please. You are welcome. How will you pay?

–I’ll pay by cheque. Here is my cheque-book. How much will it cost?

–Fifty dollars per week, sir.

Упражнение 74. Прочитайте глоссарий и переведите без словаря:

GLOSSARY

Assistant referee – Individual who assists the referee and is authorized to replace him or her if necessary.

Coaches – Individuals who oversee the training and preparation of skaters for competitions; coaches provide fi nal advice prior to performances.

Technical delegates – Offi cial who ensures that technical installations are in compliance with the standards of the International Skating Union (ISU).

Referee – Offi cial who is responsible for the eligibility of offi cials, skaters and the judging panel and the allow ability of controversial decisions.

Timekeeper – Person who monitors the length of performances to ensure that skaters respect the allotted time.

Judges – Offi cials who are responsible for evaluating performances; they award two series of marks for each performance, one for technical merit and the other for artistic interpretation.

Judges – Offi cials who are responsible for evaluating performances; during international competitions, nine judges are chosen at random from the nations represented.

Pair – Team formed of a man and a woman; like singles skaters, pairs take part in two events: the technical program and the free program.

Axel – Jump of one and a half rotations with takeoff from the forward edge; invented by the Norwegian Axel Paulsen in 1882, it is considered the most difficult jump.

Salchow – Single-rotation jump with takeoff from the back inside edge; the Swede Ulrich Salchow created it in 1909.

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Toe loop – Single-rotation toe jump with takeoff and landing on the same foot; it is considered the easiest of the toe jumps.

Lutz – Single-rotation toe jump with takeoff from the back outside edge and landing on the opposite foot; the Austrian Alois Lutz invented it in 1913.

Flip – Single-rotation toe jump with takeoff from the back inside edge and landing on the opposite foot; the fl ip is in fact a toe Salchow.

toe pick – Small teeth at the front end of the blade; they serve as the pivot point during spins and also make it possible to take off and land during jumps.

sole – Sturdy plastic or wooden sole that forms the bottom of the boot; the blade screws into the sole.

eyelet – Small metal-rimmed hole through which the lace passes.

lace – Narrow cord of fabric or leather, fl at or round, that is threaded through eyelets or hooks to tighten the boot.

hook – Small piece of curved metal used to attach the lace.

blade – Narrow tapering strip of metal that is attached to the sole; the lower part is made of hardened steel to keep the edges sharp.

edge – Part of the blade that bites into the ice; the blade has two edges (inside and outside), which are separated by a groove.

stanchion – Vertical part that extends up from the blade to secure it to the

sole.

heel – Stiff part underneath the boot that supports the back of the foot. boot – Sturdy fl exible boot with a lace; it protects and supports the foot and

ankle and is made of leather or synthetic materials. backstay – Reinforcement at the back of the boot.

lining – Padded layer of fabric or leather that covers and protects the inside of the boot.

tongue – Piece that extends from the boot and prevents the foot from rubbing against the lace; it is lifted to slip the foot into the boot.

dance blade – Blade whose heel is shorter and whose toe picks are less pronounced to facilitate the execution of complex movements and to prevent the toe picks from catching.

free skating blade – Blade with toe picks that facilitate the execution of jumps and spins; its curvature is more pronounced than that of the dance blade.

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