English for Historians. The Greatest Historical Milestones = Английский язык для историков. Величайшие исторические события. Учебное пособие

US President Ronald Reagan on March 8, 1983, sounded in his public speech.

None of the conditions of the opposing sides was absolutely correct, each, if it did not want world domination, then had the aim of weakening the enemy. At the beginning of the confrontation, the USSR yielded, as it had not yet recovered from the hardships of the war, during which the United States received only solid profits. Parity was reached only in the 70s of the last century.

Key Dates and Events of the Cold War Period

The beginning of the Cold War was the speech of Winston Churchill in Fulton on March 5, 1946, in which the idea of creating a coalition to fight communism was voiced. It was necessary to prepare the entire public of the West for the coming rupture between the two huge countries and eradicate from the minds of people gratitude for the country that was the victor of fascism.

The Truman Doctrine, which arose in 1947, proclaimed the containment of the world influence of the USSR through the formation of regional military blocs subordinate to the United States. Other significant periods of the Cold War epoch:

•The conflict between the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, which began in 1948 and lasted five years.

•The division of Germany into two parts in 1949. In the same year, the NATO bloc was created as a military-political union of capitalist countries. A successful probation of a nuclear bomb in the Soviet Union in 1949.

•War in Korea in 1950. The United States took a direct part, the USSR sent military specialists. As a result, there was a division into two countries — the DPRK, which established close relations with the USSR, and South Korea — the area of American influence.

•Chilling in relations between the parties since 1955. Protests against the communists in Europe. In 1955, the union of the Warsaw Pact countries appeared.

•The victory of the Cuban Revolution in 1959.

•Aggravation of relations with China in 1961.

1

•Caribbean crisis, which occurred in 1962 and almost turned into a nuclear war.

•An arms race that weakened the economies of many countries. The Vietnam War that began in 1964.

•A detente began in the 1970s, culminating in the signing of the Agreement on Security and Cooperation by many states in Helsinki in 1975. It was followed by the collapse of the CMEA (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance), and a pro-Soviet regime was established in many European countries.

•On December 8, 1991, the Belovezha Accords were signed, legalizing the complete disintegration of the USSR.

The end of the Cold War was announced by US President D. Bush in 1991.

Results of the Confrontation

The result of the Cold War is supposed to be the complete collapse of the economy of the Soviet Union, the crash of the USSR and the creation of a new Russia. A unipolar world was formed, in which the United States had a dominant place. As a result of the crash of the USSR, the emigration to the West of the country’s citizens, who were attracted by the capitalist way of life, intensified.

The United States of America and the countries of the capitalist camp proclaimed a complete victory over socialism. However, the events of subsequent years showed that the confrontation did not end, but entered a new phase.

II. Give the Russian equivalents to the following words and expressions:

•unipolar world

•Warsaw Pact countries

•unfavorable conditions

•different state systems

•basis of the conflict

•nuclear war

•arms race

2

III. Give the English equivalents to the following words and expressions:

•капиталистический лагерь

•установить близкие отношения

•успешное испытание

•военный блок

•империя зла

•расширение влияния

•неразрешимые противоречия

IV. Explain the meaning of the following words and expressions:

•the Cold War

•pro-Soviet regime

•the area of American influence

•the bipolar system

•the dustbin of history

V. Answer the questions.

1.What countries were the participants of the global conflict?

2.Who was the leader of the Cuban revolution?

3.What was the result of the Korean War?

4.Who created the term “Cold War”?

5.When did the Vietnam War begin?

6.How did the main military blocks call?

7.What was the threat of Caribbean crisis?

VI. Continue the sentences.

1.A unipolar world was formed, in which the United States had a ____________.

2.The USSR tried ____________ of socialism in all countries of the world.

3.Caribbean crisis, which occurred in 1962 and almost_______

________.

4.An arms race that ____________________________of many countries.

5.Creating __________________for the enemy in all spheres of influence.

VII. Project activity.

A.Make a presentation about one of the most famous political leader of the period of the Cold War. Use the Internet.

B.Make and present a video clip about the main events of the Cold War (3–5 min.).

Final TesT

(dates, places, events, persons)

1. What river was the birthplace of Egyptian civilization?

a)the Amazon

b)the Nile

2.Who were the main enemies of Greeks in the classical period? a) Persians

b) Macedonians c) Romans

3.Who was the first emperor of the Roman Empire?

a)Julius Caesar

b)Hadrian

c)Octavian Augustus

4.How many major Crusades in Palestine were carried out? a) eight

b) twelwe c) five

5.Who was the leader of Mongol-Tatar army attacked Russian

lands?

a) Genghis Khan

b)Baty

c)Mamaj

6.What were the main dynasties of the War of the Roses period? a) Lancaster and York

b) Plantagenet and Habsburg c) Tudor and Stuart

7.When was America discovered?

a)in 1099

b)in 1492

c)in 1612

8.What was the name of the 19th century for Russian literature? a) Golden Age

b) Silver Age c) Bronze Age

9.What city was the birthplace of Russian Revolution?

a)Moscow

b)Petrograd

c)Omsk

10.Who was the military dictator in the Urals and Siberia during the Civil War in Russia?

a) Denikin b) Kolchak c) Yudenich

11.When did the World War II begin?

a)in 1939

b)in 1940

c)in 1941

12.How long did the defense of the Brest Fortress last? a) about for a month

b) for two weeks c) more than a year

13.What lake was called the “road of life” for Leningrad? a) Baikal

b) Onega c) Ladoga

14.What was the name of the famous Soviet rocket launcher of the World War II period?

a) HIMARS b) Katyusha c) Hurricane

15.What country was defeated in the Cold War and stopped its existence?

a) the USA b) the USSR c) Germany

reFerences

1.Ващева И. Ю., Кузина Н. В., Сивкина Н. Ю. Всемирная история : учеб.-метод. пособие. Н. Новгород : Изд-во Нижегород. гос. ун-та им. Н. И. Лобачевского, 2019. 154 с.

2.Древний мир : [сайт]. URL: http://drevnijmir.ru/ (дата обращения: 16.10.2023).

3.История России // Advantor : [сайт]. URL: https://www. advantour.com/rus/russia/history.htm (дата обращения: 16.10.2023).

4.Соловьев С. М. История России с древнейших времен // Аз-

бука веры : [сайт]. URL: https://azbyka.ru/otechnik/Sergej_Solovev/ istorija-rossii-s-drevnejshih-vremen/ (дата обращения: 16.10.2023).

5.Экономические кризисы начала 1900–1903 гг. // MyLektsii. ru : [сайт]. URL: https://mylektsii.ru/14-63235.html (дата обращения: 16.10.2023).

6.Электронно-библиотечная система BOOK.ru : [сайт]. URL: https://www.knorus.ru/kupit/bibiliotekam/book_ru/ (дата обращения: 16.10.2023).

7.About History : [сайт]. URL: https://about-history.com/ (дата обращения: 16.10.2023).