English for Future Lawyers. Учебное пособие для студентов СПО, обучающихся по специальности 40.02.01 – «Право и организация социального обеспечения»

Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов среднего профессионального образования, обучающихся по специальности 40.02.01 – «Право и организация социального обеспечения».

Рецензенты:

Г.В. Павленко, канд. филол. наук, доцент кафедры ГД Таганрогского института управления и экономики; Н.В. Жуковская, канд. филол. наук, доцент кафедры английского язы-

ка Таганрогского института им. А.П. Чехова (филиал) РГЭУ (РИНХ).

Рекомендовано к изданию кафедрой гуманитарных дисциплин ЧОУ ВО «Таганрогский институт управления и экономики» Протокол №4 от 21.12.2020.

© Е.Е. Нужнова, 2021 © ЧОУ ВО ТИУиЭ, 2021

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов первого и второго курсов СПО специальности 40.02.01 – «Право и организация социального обеспечения». Целью пособия является развитие коммуникативной компетенции в профессиональной сфере общения, расширение лексического запаса, а также употребление усвоенной терминологии и лексики в устной и письменной речи.

Пособие состоит из одиннадцати разделов. Каждый из них включает два текста для изучающего чтения, словарь терминологической и тематической лексики Vocabulary notes, грамматические и лексические упражнения.

Тексты охватывают основные темы и вопросы, необходимые для получения базовых знаний. Послетекстовые задания (такие как выбрать правильный вариант, ответить на вопросы по содержанию текста, составить словосочетания, найти дефиниции и синонимы активной лексики, перевести на английский язык) позволяют проконтролировать понимание прочитанного, активизировать изученную лексику; вопросы проблемного характера направлены на развитие неподготовленной речи обучаемых.

Тексты и задания к ним имеют различную степень трудности, поэтому могут быть использованы выборочно в соответствии с языковой подготовленностью студентов. Упражнения рассчитаны как на выполнение их в аудитории под руководством преподавателя, так и на самостоятельную работу студентов.

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UNIT 1

UK POLITICAL SYSTEM

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a constitutional monarchy. This means that Great Britain is governed by Parliament and the Queen is Head of State.

The legislative power in the country is exercised by the Houses of Parliament. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Lords is composed of hereditary and life peers and peeresses. The members of the House of Commons are elected by the people. They are elected from the constituencies in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The House of Commons is the real governing body of the United Kingdom.

The executive power is exercised by the Prime Minister and his Cabinet. The government is usually formed by the political party which is supported by the majority in the House of Commons. The Prime Minister is the majority party leader and is appointed by the Queen. The Prime Minister chooses a team of ministers; twenty of the ministers are in the Cabinet. The second largest party becomes the official opposition with its own leader and the Shadow Cabinet. The two leading parties in Great Britain are the Conservative Party (the Tories) and the Labour Party.

The judiciary branch of the government determines common law and is independent both of the legislative and the executive branches. There is no written constitution in Great Britain, only precedents and traditions.

Vocabulary notes

a constitutional monarchy – конституционная монархия; the Queen – королева;

Head of State – глава государства;

the legislative power – законодательная власть; to be exercised by – осуществляться (чем-л.); the Houses of Parliament – парламент;

the House of Lords – палата лордов; the House of Commons – палата общин;

to be composed of smth. – состоять из чего-л.;

hereditary and life peers – наследственные и пожизненные лорды и пэры; a peeress – пэресса;

to be elected by the people – избираться народом;

to be elected from a constituency – избираться от избирательного округа; the real governing body – реальный правящий орган;

the executive power – исполнительная власть;

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Prime Minister – премьер-министр; the Cabinet – кабинет;

to be supported by the majority – поддерживаться большинством; to be appointed by – назначаться (кем-л.);

to choose – выбирать;

to choose a team of ministers – создавать команду министров; the Shadow Cabinet – теневой кабинет;

the judiciary branch of the government – судебная власть; to determine common law – определять общее право;

to be independent of smth – не зависеть от чего-л.

IV. Mark the sentences true (T) or false (F). Correct the false ones.

1.The UK is a federal republic.

2.The Head of State is the monarch.

3.There are two chambers in the House of Commons.

4.People elect the members of the House of Lords.

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5.The real governing body in the UK is the House of Commons.

6.The Prime Minister chooses the team of ministers.

7.The Prime Minister appoints the Queen.

8.There are 12 Ministers in the Cabinet.

9.The official opposition is the second largest party.

10.The two leading parties in Great Britain are the Liberal Party and the Labour Party.

11.The legislative and the executive branches form the judiciary branch of the Government.

12.The first Prime Minister wrote British Constitution.

V. Answer the questions.

1.What does the term «constitutional monarchy» mean?

2.What body exercises the legislative power in the country?

3.How are the chambers of Parliament composed?

4.What body exercises the executive power?

5.How is the executive branch of the government formed?

6.What is the official opposition?

7.What does the judiciary branch of the government do?

8.Is there a written Constitution in Great Britain?

VI. Use the plan and key words to speak about the UK political system.

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VII. Do the crossword.

PRESENT SIMPLE

I. Complete the sentences with the verb in the correct form.

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II. Complete the sentences with the verb in the correct form.

III. Add do or does to make questions and do, don't, does or doesn't to make short answers.

1.Does she live with her parents? Yes, she does .

2.Do you like your job? No, I don’t.

3. ......... I speak Italian well? Yes, you ......... .

4. ......... you drive to work? No, I ......... .

5. ......... they work hard at university? Yes, they ......... .

6. ......... Alan smoke? No, he ......... .

7. ......... your sister visit you very often? Yes, she……

8. ......... we usually give her a birthday present? No, we ......... .

9. ......... you write to your parents very often? No, I ......... .

10. ......... he help you very much? Yes, he ......... .

IV. Make these sentences into questions.

1.The shop closes at 5 o'clock. Does the shop close at 5 o'clock?

2.They go swimming every weekend. Do they go swimming every weekend?

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VI. Change these sentences from the positive to the negative.

VII. Complete the conversation putting the verbs into the present simple.

A:Hello. Nice to see you. (1) Do you work (work) here?

B:Yes, I do. I'm the head waiter.

A:Ah, that's why we (7) ......... (not/see) you now at the club.

B:That's right. I only (8) ......... (have) one evening free and I usually (9)

(17)......... (want) to see you again.

B:Look at the door! It's Maria. She's coming in here.

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UNIT 2

BRITISH PARLIAMENT AT WORK

Read the words.

A.Purpose, various, throughout, term, enforce, to conduct, parliamentary, procedure, judgement, control, previously, concern, foreign, criticize, permission, committee

B.Legislation, criticize, finance, permission, scrutinize, inherit, Chancellor, supervise, suggest, restrict, budget, reject, amendment, review, proposal, legal appeal, concern, attempt, hereditary

Read the text.

Parliament is the most important law-making body of the British people consisting of the House of Commons, the House of Lords and the Sovereign (i.e., king or queen).

A. The House of Commons, the lower house of the British Parliament, consists of 650 elected MPs: 523 for England, 72 for Scotland, 38 for Wales, 17 for Northern Ireland.

The main purpose of the House of Commons is to make laws of the land by passing various Acts (of Parliament), as well as to discuss current political issues. The House sits for five days each week. Each "sitting'' starts in the afternoon and may go on throughout the night. The House sits for about 175 days in the year and has a maximum term of five years.

All speeches in the House of Commons are addressed to the Speaker who is elected at the beginning of each new Parliament to preside over the House and enforce the rules of order.

The Speaker must be a person with a rare mix of qualities: he has to be able to cope with the difficult task of conducting debates; be respected for impartiality; possess a sound knowledge of parliamentary procedure; have tact and judgement in handling debates; and have a firmness of command in controlling the House.

The debates take place in accordance with a programme previously arranged. It often concerns a broad issue of foreign or home policy, or it may be the examination of the contents of a bill.

So, the House of Commons is themain place where legislation and other decisions of government are criticized. Its work includes the following:

a)legislation: the House spends nearly half of its time making laws,

b)controlling finance: before the Government can raise or spend money, it must have permission from the House of Commons,

c)scrutinizing the Government by asking questions, by holding debates and by committee work.

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