English for business purposes. Учебное пособие
.pdfPrescription drugs represent only about one-tenth of all health care spending in the United States. But fast-growing demand and prices have made them part of the debate over health reform.
6.4.3 Give an example of an abstract of a scientific article in Russian. Translate this abstract into English using the list of template phrases most commonly used in Abstract
1 Введение
The paper / article discusses / deals with / analyses / considers / explains / describes / establishes / introduces…
The paper / article develops / presents / provides / studies / represents / features / contains / concentrates on…
The paper / article demonstrates the feasibility of…
The paper / article opens up a new field / issue gives / aims to give a comprehensive account of…
The paper / article offers a solution to…
The paper / article serves as an introduction to…
2 Цель
The main objective / goal / purpose of the paper / article is…
Our aim with this paper was…
The aim of the article is…
Much attention is given to…
3 Результаты
It has been found that …
The results show that …
The results thus obtained are compatible with …
4 Выводы
In conclusion…
The following conclusions are drawn…
Summing up the results, it can be concluded that…
In conclusion, it is evident that this study has shown…
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This paper has clearly shown that…
It has been demonstrated / shown / found that…
The findings suggest that this approach could also be useful for…
The findings are of direct practical relevance.
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7 Unit 7 Texts for extracurricular reading
Text 1 Business Companies in Russia
Russia boasts a diverse and vibrant business environment, encompassing a wide array of industries ranging from energy and natural resources to technology and retail. Russian businesses operate under varying legal frameworks, including joint-stock companies, limited liability partnerships, and state-owned enterprises. One notable feature of the Russian business landscape is the significant role played by state-controlled corporations, which often dominate strategic sectors such as oil and gas, defense, and infrastructure.
Private enterprise also thrives in Russia, particularly in sectors such as IT, e- commerce, and consumer goods. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) contribute significantly to employment and economic growth, although they face challenges related to bureaucracy, access to capital, and regulatory burdens. Additionally, foreign direct investment plays a crucial role in driving innovation and expanding business opportunities across various regions of the country.
The Russian government actively supports domestic entrepreneurship through initiatives aimed at fostering innovation, improving the business climate, and promoting exports. Efforts include tax incentives, subsidies, and streamlined administrative procedures designed to encourage local businesses to grow and compete globally.
1 Write out and remember 10 keywords from each text. 2 Answer the questions
a)What are some major industries in which Russian businesses operate?
b)How does the Russian government support domestic entrepreneurship?
c)What challenges do small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) face in Russia?
d)What is the role of state-controlled corporations in the Russian economy?
e)How does foreign direct investment impact the Russian business environment?
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Text 2 Company’s Management in Russia
Effective management practices play a pivotal role in ensuring the success of businesses operating in Russia. Russian companies typically follow hierarchical structures, with clear lines of authority and responsibility. Top executives, including CEOs and board members, are often highly experienced professionals who bring international expertise to their roles. Communication between management levels tends to be formal, emphasizing respect for hierarchy and seniority.
Russian managers value stability and continuity, focusing on long-term goals rather than short-term gains. Decision-making processes tend to involve multiple stakeholders, reflecting the collaborative nature of Russian business culture. Transparency and accountability are essential components of effective leadership, especially when dealing with complex projects or multinational teams.
Successful leaders in Russia must navigate cultural nuances while balancing professionalism with personal relationships. Building trust among team members and partners is critical, as strong interpersonal connections often facilitate smoother operations and problem resolution.
1 Write out and remember 10 keywords from each text. 2 Answer the questions
a)What are the characteristics of management practices in Russian companies?
b)How do Russian managers approach decision-making processes?
c)Why is building trust important in Russian business culture?
d)What kind of leadership qualities are valued in Russian companies?
e)How does the hierarchical structure affect communication within Russian organizations?
Text 3 Challenges and Opportunities for Companies in Russia
Operating a business in Russia presents unique opportunities alongside substantial challenges. Economic fluctuations, geopolitical tensions, and fluctuating exchange rates can create uncertainty for companies seeking to establish themselves in the region.
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However, Russia’s vast natural resources, growing consumer base, and strategic location between Europe and Asia present significant potential for expansion.
Corporate governance remains a key concern, with ongoing reforms aiming to enhance transparency and reduce corruption. Environmental regulations and labor laws are evolving, presenting both compliance risks and opportunities for sustainable business practices. Moreover, technological advancements, such as digitalization and automation, are transforming traditional industries and creating new markets.
Adaptability and resilience are vital for companies looking to thrive in the dynamic Russian business context. By leveraging local knowledge, engaging with communities, and staying attuned to changing market dynamics, businesses can overcome obstacles and unlock untapped potential.
1 Write out and remember 10 keywords from each text. 2 Answer the questions
a)What are some key challenges faced by companies operating in Russia?
b)How does Russia’s geographical position benefit international businesses?
c)What recent changes have been made to corporate governance in Russia?
d)How can companies adapt to environmental and labor law changes in Russia?
e)What role does technology play in shaping the future of business in Russia?
Text 4 Corporate Social Responsibility in Russia
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is gaining increasing importance in Russia as companies recognize the need to balance profit with societal impacts. Russian firms are embracing CSR initiatives to address environmental sustainability, employee welfare, and community engagement. State-owned enterprises often lead the way in implementing large-scale CSR programs, setting standards for private sector companies to follow.
Many Russian businesses are integrating sustainability into their core operations, reducing waste, and adopting green technologies. Employee-focused CSR initiatives focus on workplace safety, skill development, and work-life balance, contributing to higher morale and productivity. Community involvement includes charitable donations,
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sponsorships, and volunteer programs, helping companies build positive reputations and strengthen local ties.
Collaboration between businesses, NGOs (Non-Governmental Organization), and government bodies is becoming more prevalent, fostering innovative solutions to pressing social and environmental challenges. As CSR becomes embedded in the corporate ethos, Russian companies are positioning themselves as leaders in ethical business practices, both domestically and internationally.
1 Write out and remember 10 keywords from each text. 2 Answer the questions
a)How is CSR evolving in Russia?
b)What types of CSR initiatives are commonly implemented by Russian companies?
c)How do state-owned enterprises influence CSR practices in the private sector?
d)What benefits do companies gain from engaging in CSR activities?
e)How can collaboration between businesses, NGOs, and government bodies drive positive change in society?
Text 5 Emerging Trends in Russian Business Environment
The Russian business environment is rapidly evolving, shaped by globalization, technological advances, and shifting consumer demands. One prominent trend is the rise of e-commerce, with online platforms increasingly dominating retail markets. Digital transformation is another key area, as companies invest heavily in cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and big data analytics to optimize operations and better understand customer preferences.
Environmental consciousness is also gaining traction, prompting many businesses to adopt greener practices and seek certifications for sustainability. Collaborative consumption models, such as car-sharing and co-working spaces, are emerging as alternatives to traditional ownership-based economies. Furthermore, the emphasis on corporate ethics and transparency continues to grow, driven by increased public scrutiny and stakeholder expectations.
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As Russia integrates further into the global economy, international cooperation and cross-border investments are expected to shape the future of business, offering new opportunities for growth and innovation.
1 Write out and remember 10 keywords from each text. 2 Answer the questions
a)What are some emerging trends in the Russian business environment?
b)How is digital transformation influencing business operations in Russia?
c)Why is environmental consciousness becoming more important in Russian business practices?
d)What role does collaborative consumption play in modern business models?
e)How will international cooperation impact the future of Russian business?
Text 6 Women in Leadership Roles in Russian Companies
Women are increasingly taking on influential leadership roles in Russian companies, breaking stereotypes and reshaping corporate cultures. Gender diversity in management positions brings fresh perspectives and enhances overall performance. Female leaders often excel in areas requiring empathy, communication, and multitasking—skills that are increasingly valuable in today’s fast-paced business environments.
Female executives frequently prioritize workforce wellbeing, talent retention, and inclusive policies, leading to improved employee satisfaction and reduced turnover. Moreover, women in leadership roles help foster a more balanced decision-making process, considering both analytical and emotional factors. This contributes to more holistic approaches to strategy formulation and execution.
Companies that embrace gender equality not only attract top female talent but also benefit from broader innovation and creativity stemming from diverse viewpoints. As the demand for skilled workers rises, Russian businesses are recognizing the importance of tapping into the full spectrum of talent available, regardless of gender.
1 Write out and remember 10 keywords from each text. 2 Answer the questions
a) How are women reshaping corporate cultures in Russian companies?
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b)What advantages do female leaders bring to leadership roles?
c)Why is workforce wellbeing a priority for female executives?
d)How does gender diversity contribute to decision-making processes?
e)What benefits do companies gain from embracing gender equality?
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8 Unit 8 Методические рекомендации по разработке презентаций
Часто встречаются ситуации, когда люди не понимают целей презентаций.
Например, на научной конференции (!) девушка в научный доклад вставляла анимацию для того, чтобы «доклад не скучно было смотреть». Это было, по меньшей мере, странно, но, с деловой точки зрения, подход не приемлемый!
Эти рекомендации не стоит воспринимать как требования, не будет ничего катастрофичного, если Вы им не будете строго следовать. Главное правило типографики также применимо и к созданию слайдов: любое правило может быть нарушено, но не все сразу и не кардинально!
Создание эффективной презентации требует внимательного подхода к структуре, содержанию и визуальному оформлению. Вот несколько рекомендаций,
которые помогут Вам создать убедительную и привлекательную презентацию.
8.1 Планирование и разработка доклада
Доклад на презентации должен быть тщательно спланирован и организован,
чтобы эффективно донести информацию до аудитории и достичь поставленных целей. Вот несколько ключевых аспектов, которые помогут Вам создать качественный доклад:
–определение цели. Перед началом работы над докладом четко определите его цель. Это может быть информирование, убеждение, мотивация или обучение аудитории. Знание цели поможет Вам выбрать соответствующий тон и содержание.
–анализ аудитории. Изучите свою целевую аудиторию. Понимание интересов, уровня знаний и ожиданий слушателей поможет адаптировать материалы таким образом, чтобы они были максимально полезны и интересны.
–планирование содержания. Разбейте весь материал на логически связанные
блоки. Включите введение, основную часть и заключение. Введение должно
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заинтересовать аудиторию и задать направление всему выступлению. Основная
часть должна последовательно развивать тему, а заключение подвести итог и
закрепить ключевые мысли.
–логическая последовательность. Каждое утверждение должно логически вытекать из предыдущего. Используйте связующие элементы, такие как переходные фразы или повторение ключевых моментов, чтобы удерживать внимание аудитории.
–практическое применение. Подкрепляйте теоретические положения конкретными примерами и кейсами. Это сделает Вашу презентацию более живой и понятной для слушателей.
–использование мультимедиа. Интерактивные элементы, такие как графики,
таблицы, диаграммы и изображения, помогут визуализировать сложные концепции и сделают презентацию более интересной. Не забудьте проверить, как Ваши мультимедийные материалы будут выглядеть на большом экране.
–репетиция. Практикуйте свое выступление несколько раз, чтобы привыкнуть к материалу и улучшить свои навыки подачи информации. Репетиция поможет выявить слабые места и даст возможность внести необходимые коррективы.
–активное взаимодействие с аудиторией. Не бойтесь взаимодействовать с аудиторией. Задавайте вопросы, проводите небольшие опросы или приглашайте участников к обсуждению отдельных аспектов темы. Это повысит вовлеченность и заинтересованность слушателей.
Пример структуры доклада
Введение
–приветствие и представление себя;
–краткое описание темы и цели доклада;
–агитация интереса аудитории (интересный факт, статистика, вопрос).
Основная часть
– разделение материала на логически завершенные блоки;
– подробное рассмотрение каждого блока с примерами и
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