English for Bio-Medical Engineers (self-study competence development). Учебное пособие

5What writer from this country wrote a book about laser?

6What can laser do?

7What other uses do you know?

8.1.5 Say whether the statements are true or false. Correct if it is necessary.

1Laser means “light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation”.

2Laser produces an intensive beam of light.

3In the next few years laser will become one of the main technological tools.

4Martians almost invaded the Earth before the turn of the century.

5Laser and thermonuclear reaction can produce a limited source of energy.

6The laser beam heats the fuel so quickly that the plasma disintegrates.

7There are projects to transform lunar radiation into beams.

8The laser beam will be operating in outer space.

8.1.6 Find English equivalents to the following Russian words:

устанавливать - installment, installation, install;

различие, разница - differ, difference, different;

распадаться - desintegrator, disintegration, disintegrate;

применимый - application, applicable, apply;

укреплять - strong, strength, strengthen;

эффективно - efficient, efficiency, efficiently;

усилитель - amplification, amplifier, amplify.

8.1.7 Read and translate the text in written form without a dictionary.

То understand why light from the laser is so concentrated you must know tha light travels in waves. Ordinary white light is made up of many wavelengths travelling in every direction. Laser light is essentially of one wavelength, with all the waves moving in one

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direction. Because the laser wavelengths intensify each other! they can remain in an unbelievably straight beam for a long distance. Almost any! substance can be forced to “lase” if you work hard enough with it. Gas lasers give off continuos beams of light. Tiny semiconductor lasers may be especially useful ini computers for transmitting signals to replace the use of cables. Many lasers can give off invisible radiation, either infrared or ultraviolet.

8.1.8 Match two parts to make sentences.

8.2 Text B. Laser

8.2.1 Memorize the following words and word-groups from the texts of the unit:

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8.2.2 Read the following words and word-combinations:

special, ordinary, out of phase, wavelength, ruby, behavior, continuous, opaque, absorbed, intermittent.

8.2.3 Scan the text and name three main characteristics of laser beam that makes it different from other beams of light.

The word "laser" means "Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation". What is a laser beam and what special is there about a laser beam, that makes it different from other beams of light?

We know that light consists of waves. These waves are very short — much too short to be seen directly. *An ordinary light consists of waves all out of phase, out of step with each other. White light or sun-light is also a mixture of every possible wavelength. *Waves of red light are about twice as long as waves of blue light.

All the waves in a laser beam have the same wavelength. A laser beam has a very definite colour. The red colour of the ruby is one of the most widely seen colours in them. But the difference between an ordinary beam of ruby red light and a laser beam of ruby red light is that in the laser beam the waves are all in step with each other. *This orderly behaviour of the laser beam makes a big difference, and there's one more difference to be mentioned. Most beams of light, like the car headlamps, for example, are continuous. They shine all the time. *But the laser beam is intermittent, and it's off much longer than it's on.

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Because these switches on and off are very fast, the eye doesn't see them. *While the laser beam is off, the energy for the next flash is building up, and when it comes, it's a very intense flash indeed. So lots of power can be packed into a laser beam. Besides that, an ordinary beam of light diverges. *It gets wider and wider, and therefore dimmer and weaker as it goes on. But a laser beam doesn't diverge in this way. So it carries its energy in a compact form, until it's absorbed when it strikes something.

8.2.4Translate the sentences marked with the sign * into Russian.

8.2.5Speak on the topic “Laser and its application”.

8.3 Text C. The compact combination lasers for ophthalmology

8.3.1 Memorize the following words and word-groups from the texts of the unit:

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8.3.2 Read the following words and word-combinations:

future-oriented unit, treatment, column, asymmetrical instrument table, upgraded, therapy, compromise, coagulation, successful, retrofitted, technician, arrangement, patient and physician, coupling, corneal, coaxial, magnification, multi-function joystick, accessories.

8.3.3 Read and translate the text using the dictionary.

VISULAS Argon/YAG, VISULAS Argon С and VISULAS YAG С the compact combination lasers for ophthalmology.

OPTON

West Germany

Opton Feintechnik G.m.b.H.

D-7082Oberkohen Application:

The VISULAS YAG C: The VISULAS YAG С from Opton is a future-oriented unit for optimum Nd:YAG laser treatment. *The slit lamp has been designed for future attachment of an argon laser - the power units for the slit lamp and the YAG laser are integrated into the column of the asymmetrical instrument table. *VISULAS YAG С is an Nd:YAG laser unit which can be upgraded at any time into a complete Nd:YAG/argon therapy unit - without any necessity for compromise in either from of treatment.

The VISULAS Argon C: The VISULAS Argon С from Opton is a futureoriented treatment unit for optimum fundus coagulation to which the successful Opton Nd:YAG laser can be also be retrofitted, if required. *The slit lamp allows simple attachment of the Nd:YAG laser head - the power unit for Nd:YAG laser operation is already integrated into the column of the instrument table. *This means that VISULAS Argon С can be upgraded by our service technicians at any time into a complete unit for both argon and Nd:YAG treatment.

The VISULAS Argon/YAG is a purpose built unit comprising a special laser Slit lamp, the extremely successful Opton Nd:YAG laser and a compact argon laser console.

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Arrangement of the slit lamp with the Nd:YAG laser head on the asymmetrical instrument table and integration of the Nd:YAG and slit lamp power unit into the column of the instrument table have resulted in an exceptionally compact unit. The Opton VISULAS Argon/YAG is the ideal therapy unit to meet varying requirements in hospitals and in the doctor’s office - for every type of treatment. In the desigh of the unit prime consideration was given to the safety of both the patient and physician.

Innovations:

The Slit Lamp *This slit lamp was specially developed by Opton as an all-round combination slit lamp to meet the varying requirements of Nd:YAG and argon laser treatment.

Direct coupling of the Nd:YAG laser radiation into the stereo corneal microscope. Exact coaxial coupling of the argon laser beam into the slit illumination —

coagulation field always illuminated.

Superb optics - optimum imaging quality for the both Nd:YAG and argon laser treatment Always optim. A magnification: selectable up to 30X - for both Nd:YAG and argon laser treatment.

Multi-function joystick - operating convenience for both Nd:YAG and argon laser treatment.

The Argon Laser Console The argon console, like the slit lamp developed and manufactured by Opton, offers pin point precision, superb stability and top-class performance.

The laser tube - state-of-the-art technology.

High efficiency - maximum transmission rate.

High stability of laser power - increased safety due to latest microprocessor technology.

Clear layout of the control panel.

Service and user friendly.

The Nd:YAG Laser The Nd:YAG Laser - the time-tested therapy unit for the anterior and intermediate ocular media. Compact laser head - clear layout of control panel. Optimum treatment with either single-pulse or burst modes Built-in HeNe laser for safe

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focusing.

Safety for both patient and physician - monitoring by microprocessor.

The Instrument Table comfortable sitting position for physician and patient. The following accessories are attached:

Contact lenses Laser safety eyeglasses *Two different accessories can be mounted at the same time using a beam splitter: a mono or stereo coobservation tube and a TV or 35 mm camera for documentation. Other Ophthalmic Lasers from Opton:

Nd:YAG Laser. Three different Nd:YAG lasers are available:

VISULAS YAG - a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with two laser tubes with different apertures and energies.

VISULAS YAG - a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with one laser tube and asymmetrical instrument table.

VISULAS YAG S - a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser for use on patients in a lying position.

Argon Laser. VISULAS Argon is the compact coagulation laser.

8.3.4 Translate the sentences marked with the sign * into Russian and define the tense form and voice of the predicate.

8.4 Text D. Laser Product Standards. Glossary of Laser Terms

8.4.1 Memorize the following words and word-groups from the texts of the unit:

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8.4.2 Read and translate the text using the dictionary.

Laser Product Standards

•International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard 825-1 1993.

•USA standards 21CFR 1040.10, 21CFR 1040.11 1997 and ANSI ZI36.1-

1986.

The safety features provided in accordance with these standards include:

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