Part 2. Skills for the 21st-century workplace

1.In the 21st-century soft skills are not taught in universities.

2.Employers don’t want employees and workers to be imaginative.

3.Employers hire employees and workers to think about possi problems.

4.Workers are hired when they are creative and can solve problems.

5.Future workers are able to write without using many words.

6. People are willing tocommunicate with each other in the century.

7.Employers believe it is useful to know a lot of information a celebrities.

8.Workers have to ask employers when they want to make decisions.

9.Employers hire employees that are willing to achieve personal goals.

Task 2.5. Fill the gaps with asuitable word: teach, differentiate, value, develop, have, make, discuss, solve

1.Universities … ICT skills.

2.Companies … people with ideas for new approaches.

3.Managers like workers who can … problems.

4.Workers are able to … their work with their team.

5.Workers need to … their writing skills.

6.It is important that employees can … between truth and lies.

7.In the 21st century people … more responsibility.

8.Employers like their employees to … decisions.

SoftSkills.mp3

Task 2.6. Don’t miss your chance to catch up on the very latest English words and phrases with TheEnglish We Speak podcast. Link to:

http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/features/tews/190610_tews_soft_skills_download. mp3

-What does the phrase ‘soft skills’ mean?

-What employee is the company looking for?

-Is Rob good for the position?

Role play the dialogue.

Task 2.7. Read 1-5. Compare the answers. What do they have in common? What do they differ? Write a short paragraph called “The most important skills in the 21st century”. Give your reasons.

1. I think one of the most important skill is critical analysis for the following reasons. In the age of technology, there are so many ways to approach information and it is hard to verifyit. Hence, it is necessary to be able to differentiate between reliable and false information.

47

Task 3.4. Match the following verbs with their definitions.

Task 3.5. Discuss in pairs.

1. What are your reasons to study at university?

50

2.How does your student’s life differ from the one at school? Touch upon the following points: curriculum and holidays, subjects and teachers (tutors), spare time, family relations, future plans.

3.Which subjects are the least / the most favourite?

4.Which subject(s) are you good at? Which subject(s) would you like to be better at?

5.What makes your university life interesting, exciting, boring etc.?

Task 3.6. Listen to Neil and Helen discussing a new expression related to education. Link to:

http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/features/tews/160329_tews_crash_course_downlo ad.mp3

-What expression are they discussing?

-What does it mean?

-Say if you consider it to be a positive or negative way to acquire knowledge and skills and why. Would you use it for yourself?

Complete the sentences and use them in your own dialogue. 1. Are you thinking about … ?

2. I have actually booked … . I’ m really looking … . 3. Can you … ?

4.I was hoping … .

5.It’s good to … .

6.I’m hopeless … .

7.Don’t worry, … . You’d master …

8.Can you … ?

9.Just have … .

Task 3.7. Don’t miss your chance to read up on higher education in Russia. Fill in the gaps:

a)a bachelor’s degree;

b)from satellite video courses to modern videoconferencing through personal computers;

c)is widely recognized;

d)students’ training and instruction;

e)to be continuously brought up to date and improved;

f)the computer-based system of learning;

g)obtain basic knowledge;

h)get more advanced knowledge;

i)knowledge and skills

j)as it provides the country with highly-qualified specialists for future development and progress;

k)receive state grants.

51

Higher education plays an important role in the life of any country …. (1). It trains people to become teachers, engineers, doctors, and other professional workers.

In all the industrialized countries standards of living are steadily changing; this means that the kind of education, which was good enough thirty years ago,

is not necessarily good today. The serious need to find ways and means of ensuring continuous and thorough[ˈθʌrə] adoption of the universities to contemporary needs in our rapidly changing world… (2). And it means that

styles of teaching, quality of learning materials and organization of the university itself have … (3).

Besides, knowledge and informationfrom the mass media must also be taken into consideration. This information explosion has affected every field of study, especially, of course, in the natural and applied sciencesand in all other sciences as well. The increase of information requires new methods and new approaches to … (4).

Recently a new system of educationhas been introduced – a distance education system; (5) … helps working professionals to continue their education while remaining at their jobs. This system enables people to get knowledge and

a good foundation in the sciences basic to his or her field of study. Distance learning has developed over years … (6).

In Russia the academic year usually lasts 9 months and is divided into two terms. During het first and secondyear of studying fulltimeand part-time (extramural) students (7) … in the fundamental sciences of mathematics, physics, chemistry as well as computerliteracy and a number of others. The curricula are enriched and broadened by instructions in such subjects as foreign languages, history and economics.

The third-year students (8) … and concentrate on their special interests, their ‘major’ subject and take many courses in this subject. Specializedtudys and courses help students to become specialists and prepare them for their future work.

The fouryears students get (9) … . Then the students may go on with their studies and in a year or two of further study and research get a master’s degree. After graduating from the university, they maycontinue their study and research and may get a still higher degree.

As a rule, academically brilliantstudents (10) … and are sponsored by enterprises. Universities have their own students’ hostels and some of them have large and excellent sport centers.

Education is a process through which culture is preserved,(11) … are developed, values are formed, and information is exchanged. Educationis the path to success.

Task 3.8. Look through the text and say:

•what information is/was known/unknown to you;

•what information is interesting and useful to know;

52

with MIT. What's in it for you? Globally renowned professors, world-class education, top of the line labs, tremendous opportunities for research and future career.

Location. Skoltech is located just outside of Moscow on the grounds of Skolkovo Innovation Centre. You can easily reach our campus via train (15 minutes from downtown Moscow) or buses from the nearest subway stations.

Application. Applications can be submitted online. You will need submit the following documents: a resumé or CV (in English), a copy of a diploma or a note from your university confirming you are in your final year of studies,a motivation letter, two letters of recommendations,chievementsa . Additional certifications are optional.

Tuition. Applicants who successfully pass the admissions process do not pay tuition. Skoltech fully covers all the costs.

Diploma. Graduates receive two types of diplomas: a government-issued one (confirming the training they received and graduate-level qualification) and an official Skoltech diploma (Master of Science degree) with a European format (diploma supplement).

Curriculum. Skoltech curriculum is in-person and full time only. Masters programmes are 2 years long.

Research. Research is the core component of any programme here. Students conduct their independent researchunder the supervision of globally renowned scientists. Skoltech labs are new and modern.We have best-in-class equipment.

Innovation. We connect fundamental science with real-life applications – transfer new technologies to the market, support andevelop hi-tech startups, offer an expensive portfolio of courses in entrepreneurship and innovation.

Top scientists. All our faculty are globally renowned scientists with indepth international expertise. They combine teaching with top-class applied research.

Network. We work with hundreds of industrial companies in Russia and worldwide, as well as conduct research in collaboration with more than 800 universities in the world.

Globally. Skoltech is fully English-speaking and truly global. More than 59 nationalities are represented on our campus.

Fun. We live an active and colorful –lifestudents clubs, events, networking, parties, all in addition to the vibrant atmosphere of Moscow (which truly never sleeps).

Task 3.13. Find words in the text which mean: в сотрудничестве с;

известные профессора; образование мирового уровня; первоклассные лаборатории; огромные возможности; представлять онлайн; резюме; копия диплома; мотивационное письмо; рекомендательные письма; дополнительные сертификаты; успешно пройти процедуру поступления; плата за обучение; полностью покрывать все расходы; выдавать дипломы;

54

дипломы государственного образца; диплом европейского образца; проводить независимые исследования; под руководством ученых; курсы по предпринимательству и инновациям; всемирно известные ученые с огромным международным опытом; первоклассные прикладные исследования.

Task 3.14. Answer the questions.

1.What documents need an applicant submit to Skoltech?

2.How much is the tuition?

3.Can students get degree online? Why?

4.What kinds of diplomas do Skoltech graduates receive?

5.Do students conduct research on their own?

6.What is Skoltech famous for?

7.What is students’ life like at Skoltech?

8.Would you like to get a Master’s degree at Skoltech? Why?

Task 3.15. Read and learn the following words:

Task. 3.61. Drill the pronunciation: Oxford [ˈɒksfəd], Cambridge [ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ], Liverpool [ˈlɪvəpuːl], Birmingham [ˈbɜːmɪŋəm], Manchester [ˈmæntʃɪstə], Essex [ˈesɪks], Lancaster [ˈlaŋkastə], Kent [kent], Greenwich [ˈɡrenɪtʃ], Westminster [ˈwestmɪnstə], Kingston [ˈkɪŋstən].

Task. 3.17. Don’t miss your chance toread up on higher education in the UK.

55

Oxbridge is compared to the American Ivy League universities, but all Ivy

concentrated on teaching predominantly practical subjects often linked to engineering.

- The ‘plateglass universities’(the University of Essex, Lancaster

many of them regularly appear in bottom Tenth of league tables.

- The Open University and theUniversity of the Third Age. The Open University provides awards by distance learning. Some 150,000 students are following its courses now. It offers people a chance to study with one of the most prestigious centers of learning in the UK without sacrificing work or family commitments. People study at home using specially written texts, videos,

TV and radio programs and computers. The University of theThird Age is for the retired who just want to study without receiving say diplomas or degrees.

Students wishing to study for a Bachelor's degree in the UK mustapply through University and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS), the central organization that processes applications for full-time undergraduate courses. The

submit to UCAS a single application (with the student’s personal details, details

of the GCSE grades, an academic reference from the school, a paragraph on extracurricular interests) with a list of up to sixeducational establishments for which they are applying. From 2005 students can make applications online.

Tuition fees are set at a maximum index-linked £ 3,145 per year. If the student is not eligible for the Home Student status they will be charged as an Overseas student and these range from about £ 6,000 up to about £ 10,000 per

[kəmˈpetɪtɪvlɪ].

The academic year usually begins in autumn and is divided intothree terms, each term lasts from 8 to10 weeks. Universities and legescol are responsible for providing the students with the information about the courses, its aims, the qualification received and opportunitiesto continue education. Class sizes at British universities and othersimilar institutions are typically small and a mixture of lectures andtutorials are commonly given, plus practical work where relevant. Assessment is held at the end of the course.Repeating a year of study or transferring from one institution to another are both comparatively rare. Generally, if students are working badly, they simply lose their places.

Students or undergraduates can complete their first (Bachelor's)degree in a minimum of three years. Law degrees and some othersrequire four years of study, while medicine takes longer. Students awarded their Bachelor's degree are called graduates. Students who have completed a firstdegree are eligible to undertake a postgraduate degree,which includes Master’s degree (typically taken in one year) and Doctor’s degree (typically taken in three years). It should

be noted that a degree from any one British institution of higher education is considered to be academically equivalent to a degree from any other British institution of higher education. However, certain British universitiessuch as Oxford and Cambridge carry, for historical reasons, extra prestige.

At most universities, students organize clubs and societies covering various areas such as sport, drama, debating, music, politics, and religion. Every university has a students’ union which provides a wide array of service for students, ranging

Students, one of the biggest students’ organizations in the world.

Task 3.18. Find words in the text which mean: включать (содержать);

сделать доступным; удовлетворить индивидуальные потребности; частные и государственные университеты; религия; социальное происхождение; научно-технические кадры; высшие учебные заведения; рейтинги; не жертвуя работой или семейными обязанностями; аттестат о среднем образовании;

57

академическая справка из школы; подавать заявление онлайн; плата за обучение; стипендии, присуждаемые на конкурсной основе; отвечать за; обеспечивать информацией; следует отметить, что; студенческий профсоюз.

Task 3.20. Look through the text and say:

•what information is/was known/unknown to you;

•what information is interesting and useful to know;

•what information you agree/disagree.

Task. 3.21. Complete the sentences according to the text. 1. Higher education is a priority … .

2.Oxford and Cambridge are … .

3.‘Redbrick universities’ concentrated on … .

4. The ‘plateglass universities’ were established to … .

5.The Open University provides awards … without … .

6.The University of the Third Age is for … without … .

7.The most common requirement for entry to higher education … .

8.Students must apply through … .

9.An application includes … .

10.Universities and colleges are responsible for … .

Task. 3.22. Discuss in pairs.

1.What are the main types of higher educational establishments thein United Kingdom?

2.Why are Cambridge and Oxford universities considered to be themost prestigious of all higher educational establishments in the United Kingdom?

3.ln what way is the quality of higher education assured in the UK?

4.What should you do if you want to study for a Bachelor’s degree in the UK?

5.What information should an applicant submit to UCAS?

6.Do all the students in the UK have to pay for their education?

58

7.What is the difference between undergraduates, graduates and postgraduates?

8.What are the general routes for the award of Bachelor's, Master'sand Doctor's degrees?

9.What are the peculiarities of British students’ life?

10.What service does a students’ union provide for students?

Task. 3.23. Render in English.

1.Высшее образование является приоритетом текущей политики британского правительства, цель которой сделать образование доступным

всоответствии с индивидуальными потребностям.

2.Образование включает в себя 3 ступени: бакалавриат, магистратуру и докторантуру.

3.Студенты могут получить первую степень (бакалавра) минимум за три года. Для получения степени бакалавра юриспруденции требуется четыре года обучения.

4.Стоимость обучения для граждан Великобритании установлена примерно 3000 фунтов стерлингов в год, для иностранных студентов варьируется от 6000 до 10 000 фунтов стерлингов в год.

5.Студентам с низким доходом присуждаются стипендии, которые компенсируют плату за обучение в бакалавриате. Аспирантам присуждаются полные стипендии на конкурсной основе.

6.Для обучения в бакалавриате необходимо подать заявку через Службу приема в университеты и колледжи.

7.Учебный год обычно начинается осенью и состоит из трех семестров, каждый семестр длится от 8 до 10 недель.

8.Обучение проходит в форме лекций и практических занятий.

9.В каждом университете Великобритании есть студенческие клубы и сообщества по интересам.

10.Следует отметить, что степени различных британских высших учебных заведений считаются академически эквивалентными. Однако самыми престижными британскими университетами остаются Оксфорд и Кембридж.

Task. 3.24. Role-play the situations:

l. A Russian student exchanges information about admissionprocedures

examination or write a research paper. Clarify the details and make up your mind.

3. A first-year student is discussing the classes he is taking during his first semester at the University with a senior student who is eager to give some useful advice.

59

Task 3.25. Don’t miss the chance to read up on Oxbridge. While reading, fill in the gaps: subsequent career, world experts, unfulfilled dream, friendly and intimate atmosphere, world-class research projects, traditional subjects, world reputation, medieval period, ancient universities, supportive, influential people, leading lights, sporting competition,distance learning opportunities, international academics, prestigious universities.

1.Most students in the UK and around the world will have heard of the term Oxbridge, but what does it actually mean?Oxbridge is a phrase combining the names of the cities Oxford and Cambridge. These two cities are in England and are both worldfamousuniversity towns withover 80,000 studentsbased across the two.

2.The term ‘Oxbridge’ is used to refer to the colleges that make up the

(1)… of the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge, two of the most prestigious universities in the UKBoth. cities are also home to other institutions that are independent of the University of Oxford and the University

(8) … to form the two ancient universities. The University of Oxford is made up of 39 colleges, whilst the University of Cambridge is made up of 31 colleges. Students live at the college and then take their lectures all over the university, so

if you attend Oxbridge you will find that you are part of a college and also of a university department or school.Many students – especially those away from home for the first time– find the (9) … of the college system(10) … . Both Oxford and Cambridge have colleges that are aimed exclusively at postgraduate students such as Parks College and Kellogg College at Oxford and Darwin College and Clare Hall at Cambridge. Some colleges only accept undergraduate students and there are others that only accept women.

6. Studying a postgraduate program at Oxbridge will open you up to a world of possibilities – and if it was your (11) … as an undergraduate student to

60

study at one of these great universities, aspostgraduate student you could realise that dream. Both the University of Cambridge and the University of Oxford regularly feature on the top of world university rankings in almost all subject area, and while you are studying at an Oxbridge college you will undoubtedly meet and network with(12) … and many (13) … who will be able

to help you successfully navigate your studies and(14) … . The clubs and societies at the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge are often prestigious and many members go on to be(15) … in a variety of interesting spheres including politics, business and entertainment particularly, those who have been involved with the Oxford Union or Cambridge Footlights. The rowing clubs of the two universities are the focus of (16) … between the two institutions and many former Olympians have rowed for either teams.

Task 3.26. Recall the contexts in which these word combinations are used: prestigious universities, world experts, friendly and intimate atmosphere,

world-class research projects, traditional subjects, world reputation, influential people, leading lights, sporting competition,distance learning opportunities, international academics.

Task 3.27. Respond to the questions.

1. What is Oxbridge? 2. Which universities does the term ‘Oxbridge’ refer to? 3. Who studies at Oxbridge? 4. What subjects can you study at Oxbridge colleges? 5. What is the college system at Oxbridge?6. Would you like to choose Oxbridge for your postgraduate studies? Why?

61

Task 3.30. Drill the pronunciation: Brown [braʊn], Columbia [kəˈlʌmbɪə], Cornell [kəˈnel], Harvard [ˈhɒvəd], Princeton, and Yale [jeɪl] Universities, Dartmouth [ˈdɑːtməθ] College, the University of Pennsylvania [ˌpensɪlˈveɪnɪə].

Task 3.31. Don’t miss the chance to read up on higher education in the USA.

The majority of Americans nowadays consider higher education as their

graduation.

In the United States the university is a research-oriented institution which provides both undergraduate and graduate educationThe. university is comprised of a number of colleges, a professional school attended primarily by those who plan to be practitioners instead of scholars, and a graduate school offering postgraduate programs and lending to a Master's and Doctor's degree. American universities are usually built as a separate complex, called‘campus’, with teaching blocks, libraries, dormitories, and many other facilities grouped together on one site, often on the outskirts of the city.

There is no clear distinction in terms of ityqualof education offered between the institutions. However, this is not to say that allstitutionsin enjoy equal prestige. Universities and colleges are graded on such criteria as quality of teaching staff and research facilities, amount of funding available for libraries and special programs, the competence and number of applicants for admission. The status of a particular university is also assessed by considering the ratio between the number of its graduates and their subsequent employment in their professional fields, their average incomes and perspectives for promotion. Research conducted by a university is a factor contributing to its prestige as well.

The universities with the highest reputation are Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Harvard, Princeton, and Yale Universities, Dartmouth College, and the

62

University of Pennsylvania. Together they compose the Ivy League − a group of

them and the academic standards are very high.

A unique feature of higher education in the United States is the device known as accreditation. Nationally recognized accrediting agencies establish educational criteria to evaluate institutions in terms of their own objectives and to ascertain whether programs of educational quality arebeing maintained. The accreditation agencies rate universities and colleges on academic quality– the

quality of their libraries, the publishing records of their faculty, the degrees which their faculty hold, etc. Accreditation provides institutions withcontinued stimulus for improvement and ensures that accredited status may serve as an authentic index of educational quality.

Each college or university in the USA has its own requirements for admission that usually involve grades earned in high school courses, the students'

grade point average and standardized test scores such as the American College Test (ACT) or the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). Both tests measure verbal and mathematical reasoning abilities. Additionally, certain colleges require the socalled Achievement Test that measures knowledge of a particular subject and an ability to apply that knowledge. Foreign applicants have to take a TOEFL test of English proficiency. Most colleges also consider more subjective factors such as a commitment to extracurricular activities, a personal essay, and an interview.

At the same time many Americans are not satisfied with the condition of higher education in their country. The high tuition fees make it difficult for lowpaid American families to send their children to university. If an applicant has successfully enrolled at the university, the next troublesome issue he or she will have to resolve will be a financial one. Tuition is charged at almost all-American universities, except the five federally-sponsored service academies in which students attend free and with a stipend exchange for a service commitment in the US armed forces after graduation. Annual undergraduate tuition varies widely from state to state. At most public universities it is $5,000 to $20,000 per year. In private colleges and universities, it is about $30,000 per year. These prices do

not include living expenses or additional fees that schools add on such as ‘activities fees’ or health insurance. Every young person who enters a higher educational institution can get financial assistance. If a studentborrows money

from special funds (a loan), they should repay with interest after they finish their education. Needy students are awarded grants which they do not have to repay.

Scholarships are given when a student is doing exceptionally well at school. Though each university offers a number of scholarships, a large number of students

hold jobs besides studying. These part-time jobs may be either ‘on campus’ (in the dormitories, cafeterias, students’ services, in research and in teaching and tutoring jobs) or ‘off campus’ (with local forms and business, in offices, etc.).

63

The academic year in American colleges and universities is usually of two semesters or nine months duration. The methods of instruction are lectures, discussions and work in laboratory. Students are classified as freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors. A freshman is a first-year student, a sophomore -

a second-year student junior- a third year student, and a senior- a fourth-year student. All students who have graduated from the senior class and who continue studies at a university are called advanced or graduate students. Peculiar feature of American college or university life is numerous students’ union fraternities [frəˈtɜːnɪtɪz] and sororities [səˈrɒrɪtɪz]. A great deal of cultural and recreational life

at a university is created by different kinds of students’ clubs.

Once admitted, students engage in undergraduate studies, which consist of satisfying university and class requirements to achieve Bachelor's degreein the primary academic area of interest known major. As soon as student chooses his or her major field of studythere will be a specific number and type of courses, they must take to earn degree for that particular major. In addition to the major

helps with academic planning, course selection, requirements for the degree and answers questions on class attendance, disciplinary matters, problemsthat may have an impact on academic work. There are no final examinations and students receive a degree if they have collected enough credits in a particular subject.

Graduate studies, conducted after obtaining a Bachelor’s degree and sometimes after several years of professional work, lead to a more advanced degree such as a Master's degree. After additional years of study and sometimes in conjunction with the completion of a Master’s degree, student

may earn a Doctor's degree.

Strong research and funding have helped to make American colleges and universities among the world’s most prestigious, which is particularly attractive to international students, professors and researchers in the pursuit of academic excellence.

Task 3.32. Match two columns, translate the word combinations.

64

Task 3.33. Find words in the text which mean: главный приоритет;

присудить ученую степень; научно-исследовательское учреждение; учебные корпуса; общежития; качество образования; одинаковый престиж; преподавательский состав; научно-исследовательская база; абитуриенты; статус; оценивать; выпускники; трудоустройство по специальности; средний доход; перспективы карьерного роста; поступить; аккредитация; библиотеки; публикационная активность преподавателей; качество образования; быть довольным чем-либо; высокая плата за обучение; служба в вооруженных силах США; получить финансовую помощь; культурно-досуговая жизнь; профессиональные интересы; профессиональная деятельность; высокие стандарты обучения.

Task 3.34. Match two columns, thentranslate the word combinations. Recall the contexts in which these word combinations are used.

Task 3.35. Look through the text and say:

•what information is/was known/unknown to you;

•what information is interesting and useful to know;

•what information you agree/disagree.

Task 3.36. Give (short or extensive) arguments to prove or disprove the statements.

1.The system of education in the USA give students many educational opportunities.

2.An American university is usually built as a campus.

3.Research conducted by a university doesn’t contribute to its prestige.

4.A college or university in the USA doesn’t have any requirements for admission of applicants.

6.All universities in the USA have similar academic and social prestige.

7.Americans are satisfied with the conditions of higher education in their

country.

8.Every young person who enters a higher educational institution can get financial assistance.

9.Peculiar feature of American college or university life is numerous

students’ union fraternities and sororities.

10. American colleges and universities are particularly attractive to international students, professors and researchers in the pursuit of academic excellence.

Task 3.37. Complete the suggested statements.

4.Students are classified as … .

5.Scholarships are given … .

6.Tuition is charged … .

7. Many Americans are not satisfied with … .

8.Needy students are awarded grants … .

9.Every students are assigned an ‘academic adviser’ who … .

10.Cultural and recreational life at a university is created by … .

Task 3.38. Answer the questions.

1.What educational opportunities do American universities or colleges offer their applicants?

2.What are highly-respected universities in the USA?

3.What are the requirements for admission at colleges or universities?

4.How is an American university organized?

5.What factors contribute to the prestige of the higher educational establishment?

6.What criteria do the accreditation agencies use to rate universities?

7.Why are many Americans not satisfied with the condition of higher education in the country?

8.Why are American universities popular with international students, professors and researchers?

Task 3.39. Render in English.

1.Система образования в США предоставляет студентам широкий выбор образовательных возможностей: обучение в бакалавриате, магистратуре и аспирантуре.

2.Американские университеты обычно строятся в виде кампуса, на территории которого располагаются учебные корпуса, библиотеки, общежития и другие объекты.

66

3.Университеты в США предъявляют собственные требования

кприему абитуриентов. Например, они учитывают средний балл аттестата

ирезультаты ЕГЭ.

4.Университеты Лиги плюща являются заветной мечтой любого американского абитуриента. Именно из Лиги Плюща вышли почти все американские президенты и Нобелевские лауреаты.

5.Основа популярности американских университетов – их наивысшие международные рейтинги. Вузы оцениваются международными рейтинговыми агентствами по качеству образовательных программ, библиотек, публикационной активности преподавателей и т.д.

6.В США университет является исследовательским учреждением. Исследования, проводимые университетом, значительно повышают его престиж.

7.Из-за высокой платы за обучение не все американские семьи могут отправить детей учится в университет.

8.В университете США каждому студенту назначается академический консультант, который помогает с академическим планированием, выбором курсов и выполнением академических требований.

9.Многочисленные студенческие сообщества и клубы - характерная черта американского университета.

Task 340. . Don’t miss the chance to read up higheron education in Harvard University.

Established in 1636, Harvard is the oldest institution of higher education in the United States. The University, which is based in Cambridge and Boston, Massachusetts, has an enrollment of over20,000-degree candidates, including

undergraduate, graduate, and professional students. Harvard has more than 360,000 alumni around the world.

The Academic Resource Center(ARC Services) helps students optimize their learning at Harvard through individual meetings with academic coaches and peer tutors as well as group workshops and accountability sessions.

Academic Coaching is available in person and virtuAcallydemic. Coaches work with students on developing their executive functioning skills, which helpstudents adopt a growth mindset, manage their academic anxiety, prioritize their work, and set realistic shortand long-term goals. Students find it helpful to meet with a coach to talk about adjusting to college or graduate school, managing their time, getting organized, and more. Some students meet with an academic coach because they want to work more effectively. Others meet with a coach because they are returning from a leave of absence or a semester away doing fieldwork and want support with their transition back to campus. Students

are welcome to meet with an academic coach at any time in their academic career. Students can schedule a 45-minute appointment with an Academic

67

Coach through the ARC Scheduler. Students can choose how they would like to meet with an Academic Coach; in person in the ARC or virtually via Zoom.

The ARC connects Harvard students with a networkof trained peers who can support their learning. Peer Tutors can provide an extra layer of academic support for students by reviewing critical concepts and materials from class, clarifying points of confusion, and developing study strategies for upcoming exams.

The ARC offers workshopscentered around building and strengthening the skills necessary to succeed academically. Workshop topics include time management, semester planning, academic self-care, strategic reading, notetaking, problem set strategies, and more.Workshops are offered in person and virtually via Zoom.

Joining accountability groups and participating in accountability hours are effective strategies for getting work done. Accountability hours leverage social support and impose structure on tasksThe. social supportcomes from the mutual commitment group members make to show up and to do the work. The structure comes from the agreement to meet at regularly scheduled times and from the idea that participants benefit from sharing their progress, stating their current goals, and articulating their next steps.

Through continued efforts in inclusion and belonging, Harvard has built a community comprising many backgrounds, cultures, races, identities, lif experiences, perspectives, beliefs, and valuesSeven. presidents of the United States – John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Theodore and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Rutherford B. Hayes, John Fitzgerald Kennedy and George W. Bush

– were graduates of Harvard. sIt faculty have produced 40 Nobel laureates. Harvard students represent an array of ethnic groups, religious traditions and political persuasions [pəˈsweɪʒənz]. They come from every region of the United States and more than 100 other countries.

(Link to: https://academicresourcecenter.harvard.edu/services)

Task 3.41. Match two columns, thentranslate the word combinations. Recall the contexts in which these word combinations are used.

Task 3.42. Explain the meaning of the following word combinations: time management, semester planning, academic -care,slf strategic reading, note-taking, problem set strategies.

Task 3.43. Respond to the questions.

1. When was Harvard founded? 2. How manyalumni [əˈlʌmnaɪ] does it have around the world? 3. What makes Harvard special? 4. What reasons do students meet with their academic coaches? 6. What are the functions of the ARC? 7. What happens at an ARC accountability session?8. What kind of students are being trained in Harvard?

Task 3.44. Don’t miss your chance to read up on Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Before reading, make sure you understand the following word combinations: be founded, be mastered, consider, be engaged in,be afraid of, offer, pioneer, complement, value, and seek.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT) is one of the top private