Фармакология ноотропных средств. Учебное пособие

ɗɬɢɥɬɢɨɛɟɧɡɢɦɢɞɚɡɨɥɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɛɪɨɦɢɞ $HWK\OWKLREHQ]\PLGD]ROL hydrobromidum)

2-ɗɬɢɥɬɢɨɛɟɧɡɢɦɢɞɚɡɨɥɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɛɪɨɦɢɞ

Ȼɟɥɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɛɟɥɵɣ ɫ ɤɪɟɦɨɜɵɦ ɨɬɬɟɧɤɨɦ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɪɨɲɨɤ Ɋɚɫ ɬɜɨɪɢɦ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɭɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɢ ɷɬɚɧɨɥɟ

Ɏɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɉɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɤ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɢ ɋɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜ ɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɵ ɧɨɫɥɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɨɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɭɟɬ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɉɫɢɯɨ ɬɪɨɩɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɫɢɯɨɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɦ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɤɜɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸ ɳɟɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɉɪɢ ɩɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɧɟɪɜɧɨ-ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ ɩɫɢɯɨɫɬɢ ɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɚɦɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɤɜɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ – ɜ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɢ ɬɪɟɜɨɝɢ ɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ Ⱥɧɬɢɚɫɬɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɦ ɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟ ɧɟɧɢɢ ɉɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɢɦɦɭɧɨɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɞɪ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɰɢɞɢɜɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɪɨɠɢ

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɜ ɞɨɡɟ ɦɝ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɀɄɌ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɥɭɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɱ &PD[ – ɦɤɝ ɦɥ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚ ɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɱ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɦ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɑɟɪɟɡ ɱ ɮɚɡɚ ɜɫɚ ɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɚɡɨɣ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɟ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ – ɱ ɉɥɚɡɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɧɚ ɬɟɪ ɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ – ɦɤɝ ɦɥ ɍ ɧɟɤɨ ɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɱ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɢɤ ɤɨɧ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɍ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ – ɦɨɧɨɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɚ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɉɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɬɪɧɤɜɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɬɢɩ ɩɫɢɯɨ ɬɪɨɩɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɢ ɑɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ &PD[ $8& ɢ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ 7 ɬɟɦ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɟɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɍ ɩɚɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɫɢɯɨɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɫ ɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ &PD[ – ɦɤɝ ɦɥ AUC – ɦɤɝ ɦɥ ɦɢɧ 7 – ɱ &O – ɦɥ ɱ ɉɪɢ ɛɨ ɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ &PD[ $8& ɢ ɭɞɥɢɧɟɧɢɢ 7 ɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɨɣ

51

ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɚɳɟ ɩɪɟɜɚɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɬɪɚɧɤɜɢɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ &PD[ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɦɤɝ ɦɥ $8& – ɦɤɝ ɦɥ ɦɢɧ ɢ 7 – ɱ ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ. Ⱥɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬ ɱ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɫɬɟɧɨɞɟɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣ ɫɬɜɚ ɧɟɜɪɨɡɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ ɧɨɟ ɭɬɨɦɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢ ɹɬɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɪɟɤɨɧɜɚɥɟɫɰɟɧɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɪɟɩɧɨ-

ɦɨɡɝɨɜɨɣ ɬɪɚɜɦɵ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɡɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɪɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɉɨɛɨɱɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɋɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɱɭɜɫɬɜ ɪɚɡ

ɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɟɜɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɚɹ ɛɨɥɶ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɧɚ ɋɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɪɝɚ ɧɨɜ ɀɄɌ ɬɨɲɧɨɬɚ ɪɟɞɤɨ – ɪɜɨɬɚ ɧɟɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɟ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɩɢɝɚɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɛ ɥɚɫɬɢ ɉɪɨɱɢɟ ɝɢɩɟɪɟɦɢɹ ɥɢɰɚ

ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɨɡɵ ȼɧɭɬɪɶ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɟɞɵ Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɨ – ɝ 2– ɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝ ɫɭɬ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ –15– ɞɧɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ – ɞɧɟɣ ɩɨɞɪɹɞ ɫ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚɦɢ – ɞɧɟɣ – ɤɨɪɨɬɤɢɯ ɤɭɪɫɚ ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɶ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɦɟɫ Ⱦɥɹ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ – ɝ ɡɚ – ɦɢɧ ɞɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɩɨɜɬɨɪ ɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ – ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɚɠɞɵɟ ɱ Ⱦɥɹ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜ ɧɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ – ɩɨ ɝ ɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɫɭɬɤɢ -ɞɧɟɜɧɵɦɢ ɰɢɤɥɚɦɢ ɫ - ɞɧɟɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɵɜɚɦɢ ɜɫɟɝɨ – ɤɭɪɫɨɜ

Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ Ʉɚɩɫɭɥɵ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɟ ɠɟɥɚɬɢɧɨɜɵɟ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɚɩɫɭɥɟ ɷɬɢɥɬɢɨ ɛɟɧɡɢɦɢɞɚɡɨɥɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɛɪɨɦɢɞ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɦɨɧɨɝɢɞɪɚɬɚ ɦɝ ɦɝ ɢɥɢ ɦɝ

ɂɞɟɛɟɧɨɧ ,GHEHQRQXP

2-(10-Ƚɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɞɟɰɢɥ -5,6-ɞɢɦɟɬɨɤɫɢ-3-ɦɟɬɢɥ-ɰɢɤɥɨɝɟɤɫɚ-2,5-ɞɢɟɧ-1,4-ɞɢɨɧ

Ɏɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɂɦɟɟɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɟ ɫɯɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɫ ɤɨɷɧɡɢɦɨɦ 4 ɍɥɭɱɲɚɟɬ ɤɪɨɜɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɭ ɤ ɧɢɦ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɋɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɨɛ ɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɦ ɦɨɡɝɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ȺɌɎ ɫɩɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɷɥɢɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɥɚɤɬɚɬɚ Ɂɚɦɟɞɥɹɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɧɨɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɵ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɦɢɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɢɣ ɨɬ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ Ɇɨɞɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɟɣɪɨɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɦɨɡɝɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ

52

ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɢɬɨɯɨɧɞɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɣ 0(/$6- ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦ ɚɬɪɨɮɢɹ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɪɜɚ Ʌɟɛɟɪɚ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɶ Ʌɟɹ ɢ ɚɬɚɤɫɢɢ Ɏɪɢɞɪɟɣɯɚ Ⱦɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɨɥɧɨ ɚɛɫɨɪɛɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɀɄɌ ȼɪɟɦɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ &PD[ – ɱ ȼ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ȽɗȻ ɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ

ɬɤɚɧɹɯ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɗɤɫɤɪɟɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɱɤɚɦɢ ɇɟ ɤɭɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ. ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɡɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɪɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨ ɜɵ

ɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦ ɜ ɬ ɱ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɢ ɦɨɡɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɪɨ ɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɢɧɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɯ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɢ ɬ ɞ ɰɟɪɟɛɪɚɫɬɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɣ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɝɟɧɧɨɣ ɷɬɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɐɇɋ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɚɫɬɟɧɢɱɟ ɫɤɢɣ ɞɟɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɢ ɚɫɬɟɧɨɞɟɩɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɚɹ ɛɨɥɶ ɝɨɥɨɜɨ ɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɲɭɦ ɜ ɭɲɚɯ

ɉɨɛɨɱɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɉɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɫɵɩɚɧɢɹ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɚɹ ɛɨɥɶ ɞɢɫɩɟɩɫɢɹ ɚɥɥɟɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ

ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɨɡɵ ȼɧɭɬɪɶ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɟɞɵ ɩɨ ɦɝ – ɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɫɭɬɤɢɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɪɢɟɦ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɟ ɱ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ – ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ – ɤɭɪɫɚ ɜ ɝɨɞ

Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ Ʉɚɩɫɭɥɵ ɢɞɟɛɟɧɨɧ ɦɝ

Ʉɨɪɬɟɤɫɢɧ (Cortexin)

ɉɨɥɢɩɟɩɬɢɞɵ ɤɨɪɵ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɫɤɨɬɚ

Ɏɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ Ʉɨɪɬɟɤɫɢɧ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɜɨɞɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɩɨɥɢɩɟɩɬɢɞɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɱɟɪɟɡ ȽɗȻ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞ ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɦ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɦ ɉɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɨɨɬɪɨɩɧɨɟ ɧɟɣɪɨɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪ ɧɨɟ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɟ ɬɤɚɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ

ɇɨɨɬɪɨɩɧɨɟ – ɭɥɭɱɲɚɟɬ ɜɵɫɲɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɸ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ

ɇɟɣɪɨɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɟ – ɡɚɳɢɳɚɟɬ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɵ ɨɬ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɷɧ ɞɨɝɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɟɣɪɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɝɥɭɬɚɦɚɬ ɢɨɧɵ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɟ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɵ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɵ ɩɫɢɯɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ

Ⱥɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɟ – ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɧɨɟ ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɧɟɣɪɨ ɧɚɯ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɨɤɫɢɞɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɝɢ ɩɨɤɫɢɢ

53

Ɍɤɚɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ – ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɬ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɤɨɪɵ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɬɨɧɭɫɚ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ Ʉɨɪɬɟɤɫɢɧ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɟɣ ɧɟɣɪɨ ɩɟɩɬɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɧɟɣɪɨɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɦɟɬɚɛɨ ɥɢɡɦɚ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɵɯ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɞɨɮɚɦɢɧɚ ɫɟɪɨɬɨɧɢɧɚ ȽȺɆ Ʉɟɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɚɪɨɤɫɢɡɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɭɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɥɭɱɲɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɛɢɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɨɜ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɤɢɫɧɨɝɨ

ɨɤɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ Ʉɨɪɬɟɤɫɢɧ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ

ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ ɩɨɥɢɩɟɩɬɢɞɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɣ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɣ ɮɚɪɦɚ ɤɨɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ

Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ Ʌɢɨɮɢɥɢɡɚɬ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɞɥɹ ɜ ɦ ɜɜɟɞɟ ɧɢɹ ɦɝ

ɐɟɪɟɛɪɨɥɢɡɢɧ &HUHEURO\VLQ

Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɩɟɩɬɢɞɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɡ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɫɜɢɧɶɢ

Ɏɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ Ⱥɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɐɟɪɟɛɪɨɥɢɡɢɧ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɩɟɩɬɢɞɚɦɢ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ Ⱦɚ ɐɟɪɟɛɪɨɥɢ ɡɢɧ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɧɟɣɪɨɩɟɩɬɢɞɵ ɤɨ ɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ȽɗȻ ɢ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɤ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɦ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɦ ɉɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɦɨɞɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɝɨ ɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɦɨɡɝ ɬ ɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɸ ɧɟɣɪɨɩɪɨɬɟɤɰɢɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɧɟɣɪɨɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɸ ɢ ɧɟɣɪɨɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ

ɐɟɪɟɛɪɨɥɢɡɢɧ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɷɪɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɟ ɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɚ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɭɥɭɱɲɚɟɬ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɛɟɥɤɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢ ɜɚɸɳɟɦɫɹ ɢ ɫɬɚɪɟɸɳɟɦ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɦ ɦɨɡɝɟ

ɐɟɪɟɛɪɨɥɢɡɢɧ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɟɬ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɵ ɨɬ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɥɚɤɬɚɬɚ ɰɢɞɨɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɨɜ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɟ ɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɝɢɛɟɥɶ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɢ ɢ ɢɲɟɦɢɢ ɫɧɢ ɠɚɟɬ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɧɟɣɪɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɝɥɭɬɚɦɚɬ

ɐɟɪɟɛɪɨɥɢɡɢɧ – ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɨɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɣ ɩɟɩɬɢɞɟɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬ ɫ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɣɪɨɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧ

54

ɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɫɬɚ 1*) ɧɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɟ ɪɢɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ

Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɟɣɪɨɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɐɟɪɟɛɪɨɥɢɡɢɧ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɭɥɭɱɲɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɡɚɩɨ ɦɢɧɚɧɢɹ

ɋɥɨɠɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɐɟɪɟɛɪɨɥɢɡɢɧ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɮɪɚɤɰɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɦɟɫɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɥɢɝɨ ɩɟɩɬɢɞɨɜ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɜɨ ɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɣ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɤɢɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ȼ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɬɟɪɚɩɢɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɡɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɪɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟ ɧɢɹ ɱɟɪɟɩɧɨ-ɦɨɡɝɨɜɚɹ ɬɪɚɜɦɚ ɢ ɟɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɷɧɰɟɮɚɥɨɩɚɬɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɝɟ ɧɟɡɚ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɢ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɬɪɵɣ ɢ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɧɰɟɮɚɥɢɬ ɢ ɷɧɰɟɮɚɥɨɦɢɟɥɢɬ ɷɩɢɥɟɩɫɢɹ ɚɫɬɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɧɚɞɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɵɟ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɨɛɭ ɱɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɩɫɢɯɨɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɪɟɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɮɨɪ

ɦɵ ɞɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɰɟɪɟɛɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɥɢɱɚ ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɨɡɵ ȼ ɦ ɋɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɟ ɮɥɚɤɨɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɢɧɴɟɤɰɢɟɣ

ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɸɬ ɜ – ɦɥ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɩɪɨɤɚɢɧɚ ɧɨɜɨɤɚɢɧɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɴɟɤɰɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɹ ɢɝɥɭ ɤ ɫɬɟɧɤɟ ɮɥɚɤɨɧɚ ɜɨ ɢɡɛɟ ɠɚɧɢɟ ɩɟɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɜɨɞɹɬ ɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɨ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɦ ɜ ɞɨɡɟ ɦɝ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɧɟɣ ɞɟɬɹɦ ɞɨ ɤɝ – ɜ ɞɨɡɟ ɦɝ ɤɝ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɝ – ɜ ɞɨɡɟ ɦɝ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɧɟɣ ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ ɱɟɪɟɡ – ɦɟɫ

ɉɪɢ ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɧɨɦ ɢɲɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢɧɫɭɥɶɬɟ ɜ ɨɫɬɪɨɦ ɢ ɪɚɧɧɟɦ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɯ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɵɦ ɜ ɞɨɡɟ ɦɝ ɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɭɬɪɨɦ ɢ ɞɧɟɦ ɜ ɬɟɱɟ ɧɢɟ ɞɧɟɣ ɫ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɧɵɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɞɧɟɣ

Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ Ɋɚɫɬɜɨɪ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɴɟɤɰɢɣ ɦɥ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɬ ɰɟɪɟɛɪɨɥɢɡɢɧɚɦɝ

55

ɇɢɰɟɪɝɨɥɢɧ 1LFHUJROLQXP

ɛɟɬɚ -10-Ɇɟɬɨɤɫɢ- 1,6-ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥɷɪɝɨɥɢɧ -8-ɦɟɬɚɧɨɥɚ -ɛɪɨɦ-3- ɩɢɪɢɞɢɧɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɚɬ ɷɮɢɪ

Ȼɟɥɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɛɟɥɵɣ ɫɨ ɫɥɟɝɤɚ ɠɟɥɬɨɜɚɬɵɦ ɨɬɬɟɧɤɨɦ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨ ɪɨɲɨɤ ɛɟɡ ɡɚɩɚɯɚ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɟɞɜɚ ɭɥɨɜɢɦɵɦ ɡɚɩɚɯɨɦ ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦ ɜ ɷɬɚɧɨɥɟ Ʌɟɝɤɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦ ɜ ɯɥɨɪɨɮɨɪɦɟ

Ɏɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ Ɉɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɚɥɶɮɚ-ɚɞɪɟɧɨɛɥɨɤɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɦɢɨɬɪɨɩɧɨɟ ɫɩɚɡɦɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɵ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɚɤ ɬɢɜɟɧ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɩɪɨ ɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ Ȼɥɨɤɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɫɭɠɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɦɨɡɝɨɜɵɯ ɫɨ ɫɭɞɨɜ ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɟɪɨɬɨɧɢɧɨɦ ɂɧɝɢɛɢɪɭɟɬ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɰɢɸ ɬɪɨɦɛɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɍɥɭɱɲɚɟɬ ɦɨɡɝɨɜɨɣ ɥɟɝɨɱɧɵɣ ɢ ɩɨɱɟɱɧɵɣ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɢɡɭɟɬ ɤɪɨɜɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɟɱ ɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɫɩɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɨɩɚɬɢɹɯ ɍ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɫ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɢɩɟɪɬɟɧ ɡɢɟɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɦɟɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ

Ȼɵɫɬɪɨ ɢ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ –100 ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ Ȼɢɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ – ɨɤɨɥɨ 60 &PD[ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ – ɱ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɞɟɦɟɬɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɝɥɸɤɭɪɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɨ -ɞɢɦɟɬɢɥ- ɛɟɬɚɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥ- ɚɥɶɮɚ-ɦɟɬɨɤɫɢɷɪɝɨɥɢɧɚ -MMDL), 1-ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥ-6-ɦɟɬɢɥ-ɛɟɬɚ-ɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥ- ɚɥɶɮɚ-ɦɟɬɨɤɫɢɷɪɝɨɥɢɧɚ -OH00'/ ɢ -ɦɟɬɢɥ-ɛɟɬɚ- ɨɤɫɢɦɟɬɢɥ- ɚɥɶɮɚ-ɦɟɬɨɤɫɢɷɪɝɨɥɢɧɚ 0'/ – ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɬ ɉɨɱɤɚɦɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ –80 ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɢ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɬɨɜ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ – ɱ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɋ ɤɚɥɨɦ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ Ɍ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɚ – ɱ 0'/ – 12– ɱ

1-MMDL – 2– ɱ

ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ. ɇɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɡɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɪɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬ ɱ ɩɪɢ ɚɬɟɪɨɫɤɥɟ ɪɨɡɟ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɢɧɫɭɥɶɬɟ ɢɲɟɦɢɢ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢ ɹɯ ɬɪɨɦɛɨɡɚ ɢ ɬɪɨɦɛɨɷɦɛɨɥɢɢ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɩɨɫɬɬɪɚɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɧɰɟɮɚɥɨɩɚɬɢɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦɟ ɦɢɝɪɟɧɶ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɵɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣ

56

ɫɬɜɚ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɪɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɨɩɚɬɢɹ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɛɨ ɥɟɡɧɶ Ɋɟɣɧɨ ɞɟɦɟɧɰɢɹ ɜɟɪɬɢɝɨ ɨɛɥɢɬɟɪɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɷɧɞɚɪɬɟɪɢɢɬ.

ɉɨɛɨɱɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɋɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɱɭɜɫɬɜ ɝɨ ɥɨɜɧɚɹ ɛɨɥɶ ɝɨɥɨɜɨɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɧɥɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɥɨɫɬɢ ɛɟɫɫɨɧɧɢɰɚ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɦɨɪɨɤ

ɋɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨ-ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɤɪɨɜɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɝɟɦɨ ɫɬɚɡ ɨɪɬɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɧɡɢɹ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩ ɫɬɟɧɨɤɚɪɞɢɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɩɨɯɨɥɨɞɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ

ɋɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɀɄɌ ɬɨɲɧɨɬɚ ɪɜɨɬɚ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɚɩɩɟɬɢɬɚ ɞɢɚɪɟɹ ɚɛɞɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɨɥɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɚ

ɋɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɦɨɱɟɩɨɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɹɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɋɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɤɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɨɤɪɨɜɨɜ ɩɨɬɥɢɜɨɫɬɶ Ⱥɥɥɟɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɡɭɞ ɢ ɝɢɩɟɪɟɦɢɹ ɥɢɰɚ ɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɵ ɬɭɥɨ

ɜɢɳɚ ɷɪɢɬɟɦɚ ɤɪɚɩɢɜɧɢɰɚ ɉɪɨɱɢɟ ɛɨɥɶ ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɠɚɪ

ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɨɡɵ ȼɧɭɬɪɶ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɢɥɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɟɞɵ ɧɟ ɪɚɡɠɟɜɵ ɜɚɹ ɡɚɩɢɜɚɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ – ɦɝ ɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɉɪɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɩɨɱɟɤ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɵɜɨɪɨɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɟɚɬɢɧɢɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟɦɝ ɦɥ – ɩɨ ɦɝ – ɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɫɭɬɤɢ

ȼ ɜ ɤɚɩɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨ – ɦɝ ɧɚ ɦɥ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɯɥɨ ɪɢɞɚ ɜ ɦ ɩɨ – ɦɝ ɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɜ ɚ – ɩɨ ɦɝ ɜ ɦɥ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɫ ɬɜɨɪɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɯɥɨɪɢɞɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɧ Ʉɭɪɫ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ – ɨɬ – ɧɟɞ ɞɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶ ɤɢɯ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ

Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ Ɍɚɛɥɟɬɤɢ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɨɣ ɦɝ

ȼɢɧɩɨɰɟɬɢɧ 9LQSRFHWLQXP

ɗɬɢɥɚɥɶɮɚ ɚɥɶɮɚ -ɷɛɭɪɧɚɦɟɧɢɧ-14-ɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɥɚɬ

Ȼɟɥɵɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɪɨɲɨɤ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɪɚɫ ɬɜɨɪɢɦ ɜ ɫɩɢɪɬɟ

57

Ɏɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜɢɧɩɨɰɟɬɢɧɚ ɫɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɧɟ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɧ ɭɥɭɱɲɚɟɬ ɦɨɡɝɨɜɨɣ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤ ɢ ɨɛɦɟɧ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɨɤɚɡɵ ɜɚɟɬ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɤɪɨɜɢ

ɇɟɣɪɨɩɪɨɬɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢ ɹɬɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɬɨɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ Ȼɥɨɤɢɪɭɟɬ Na+- ɢ ɋɚ -ɤɚɧɚɥɵ ɢ 10'$- ɢ $03$-ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɵ ȼɢɧɩɨɰɟɬɢɧ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦ ɜ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɦ ɦɨɡɝɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɡɚɯɜɚɬ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɉɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɬɨɥɟɪɚɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ ɝɥɸɤɨ ɡɵ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ȽɗȻ ɫɦɟɳɚɟɬ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɚɷɪɨɛ ɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɬɢ ɋɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɭɟɬ ɋɚ -ɤɚɥɶɦɨɞɭɥɢɧɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɭɸ ɰȽɆɎ-ɎȾɗ ɉɨɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɨɛɦɟɧ ɫɟɪɨɬɨɧɢɧɚ ɢ ɧɨɪɚɞɪɟɧɚɥɢɧɚ ɜ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɦ ɦɨɡɝɟ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɨɪɚɞɪɟɧɟɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɧɟɣɪɨɦɟɞɢɚɬɨɪɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɚɧɬɢɨɤɫɢɞɚɧɬɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ

ɍɥɭɱɲɚɟɬ ɦɢɤɪɨɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɸ ɜ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɦ ɦɨɡɝɟ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɝ ɪɟɝɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɨɦɛɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɢ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɯɜɚɬɚ ɚɞɟɧɨɡɢɧɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɭ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɪɨɞ ɫɬɜɚ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɂɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɦɨɡɝɨɜɨɣ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɪɟɛɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹ ɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɤɪɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ȺȾ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɵɣ ɜɵɛɪɨɫ ɑɋɋ Ɉɉɋɋ ɧɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ©ɨɛɤɪɚɞɵɜɚɧɢɹª

ȼɢɧɩɨɰɟɬɢɧ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ 7PD[ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɱ ȼɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɚɯ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤɚ ɇɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɭ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɬɟɧɤɭ ɤɢ ɲɟɱɧɢɤɚ Ʌɟɝɤɨ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɝɢɫɬɨɝɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɵ ɜ ɬ ɱ ȽɗȻ

ȼ ɞɨɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɦɟɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɧɩɨ ɰɟɬɢɧɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɨɧ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɥɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɢɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹɯ ɜ ɩɟɱɟɧɢ ɢ ɀɄɌ &PD[ ɜ ɬɤɚɧɹɯ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ – ɱ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ

Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɨɬɨɩɚ ɜ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɦ ɦɨɡɝɟ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɨ ɬɚɤɨ ɜɨɟ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɋɜɹɡɶ ɫ ɛɟɥɤɚɦɢ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ – 66 9G ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɥ ɱɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɫ ɬɤɚɧɹɦɢ ɉɪɢ ɩɚɪɟɧɬɟɪɚɥɶ ɧɨɦ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ 9G – ɥ ɤɝ Ȼɢɨɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ – 7 Ʉɥɢɪɟɧɫ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɢ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɜɧɟɩɟɱɟɧɨɱɧɨɦ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɟ

ɉɪɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɟɦɟ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɞɨɡ ɢ ɦɝ ɤɢɧɟɬɢɤɚ ɧɨɫɢɬ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ &VV ɜ ɩɥɚɡɦɟ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɢ ± ɢ ± ɧɝ ɦɥ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ 7 ɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ± ɱ ȼ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɫ

58

ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɦɟɱɟɧɵɦ ɜɢɧɩɨɰɟɬɢɧɨɦ ɛɵɥɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɭɬɹɦɢ ɷɥɢɦɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɱɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢȼ ɞɨɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹ ɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɠɟɥɱɢ ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɣ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɨ-ɩɟɱɟɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹ ɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɨ

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɬɨɦ ɜɢɧɩɨɰɟɬɢɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɩɨɜɢɧɤɚɦɢɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚȺȼɄ ɞɨɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ –30 ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɜɢɧɩɨɰɟɬɢɧɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ $8& ȺȼɄ ɜ ɪɚɡɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɬɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜ ɜ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɗɬɨ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶ ɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ȺȼɄ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɯɨɠ ɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɧɩɨɰɟɬɢɧɚ ȺȼɄ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɱɤɚɦɢ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɤɥɭɛɨɱɤɨɜɨɣ ɮɢɥɶ ɬɪɚɰɢɢ 7 ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɣ ɞɨɡɵ ɢ ɩɭɬɢ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɢɧɩɨɰɟɬɢɧɚ Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɬɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢɜɢɧɩɨɰɟɬɢɧ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ-ȺȼɄ ɞɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɤɫɢ-ȺȼɄ-ɝɥɢɰɢɧɚɬ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɯ ɤɨɧɴɸɝɚɬɵ ɫ ɝɥɸɤɭɪɨɧɢɞɚɦɢ ɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɭɥɶɮɚ ɬɚɦɢ ȼ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɜɢɧɩɨɰɟɬɢɧ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ

ɉɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ. ɇɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɡɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɪɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬ ɱ ɢɧɫɭɥɶɬ ɜɟɪ ɬɟɛɪɨ-ɛɚɡɢɥɹɪɧɚɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɡɝɨɜɚɹ ɬɪɚɜɦɚ ɚɬɟɪɨɫɤɥɟɪɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢɡ ɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɚɹ ɞɟɦɟɧɰɢɹ ɝɢɩɟɪɬɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɩɨ ɫɬɬɪɚɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɷɧɰɟɮɚɥɨɩɚɬɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɠɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɩɚɡɦ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɚɹ ɨɤɤɥɸɡɢɹ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɚɹ ɛɨɥɶ ɝɨɥɨɜɨ ɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɬ ɱ ɥɚɛɢɪɢɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɬ ɱ ɚɩɪɚɤɫɢɹ ɚɮɚɡɢɹ

ɉɨɛɨɱɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɩɨɛɨɱɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɩɨ ɫɢ ɫɬɟɦɧɨ-ɨɪɝɚɧɧɵɦ ɤɥɚɫɫɚɦ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɟɣ 0HG'5$ ɢ ɫɨ ɫɥɟ ɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɧɟɱɚɫɬɨ ɪɟɞɤɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɪɟɞɤɨ

ɋɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɢ ɥɢɦɮɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɪɟɞɤɨ – ɥɟɣɤɨɩɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɨɦ ɛɨɰɢɬɨɩɟɧɢɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɪɟɞɤɨ – ɚɧɟɦɢɹ ɚɝɝɥɸɬɢɧɚɰɢɹ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɨɜ

ɋɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɢɦɦɭɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɪɟɞɤɨ – ɝɢɩɟɪɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɋɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɱɚɫɬɨ – ɝɢɩɟɪɯɨɥɟɫɬɟɪɢɧɟɦɢɹ

ɪɟɞɤɨ – ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɚɩɩɟɬɢɬɚ ɚɧɨɪɟɤɫɢɹ ɫɚɯɚɪɧɵɣ ɞɢɚɛɟɬ ɇɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɫɢɯɢɤɢ ɪɟɞɤɨ – ɛɟɫɫɨɧɧɢɰɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɧɚ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ

ɧɟɭɫɢɞɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɪɟɞɤɨ – ɷɣɮɨɪɢɹ ɞɟɩɪɟɫɫɢɹ ɋɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɟɱɚɫɬɨ – ɝɨɥɨɜɧɚɹ ɛɨɥɶ ɪɟɞɤɨ – ɝɨɥɨɜɨ

ɤɪɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɜɤɭɫɚ ɫɬɭɩɨɪ ɝɟɦɢɩɚɪɟɡ ɫɨɧɥɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɚɦɧɟɡɢɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɪɟɞɤɨ – ɬɪɟɦɨɪ ɫɩɚɡɦɵ

ɋɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɞɤɨ – ɨɬɟɤ ɞɢɫɤɚ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɪɜɚ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɪɟɞɤɨ – ɝɢɩɟɪɟɦɢɹ ɤɨɧɴɸɧɤɬɢɜɵ

59

ɋɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɫɥɭɯɚ ɢ ɥɚɛɢɪɢɧɬɚ ɧɟɱɚɫɬɨ – ɜɟɪɬɢɝɨ ɪɟɞɤɨ – ɝɢɩɟɪɚ ɤɭɡɢɹ ɝɢɩɨɚɤɭɡɢɹ ɡɜɨɧ ɜ ɭɲɚɯ

ɋɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɪɟɞɤɨ – ɢɲɟɦɢɹ ɢɧɮɚɪɤɬ ɦɢɨɤɚɪɞɚ ɫɬɟɧɨɤɚɪɞɢɹ ɛɪɚɞɢɤɚɪɞɢɹ ɬɚɯɢɤɚɪɞɢɹ ɷɤɫɬɪɚɫɢɫɬɨɥɵ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɪɞɰɟɛɢɟɧɢɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɪɟɞɤɨ

– ɚɪɢɬɦɢɹ ɮɢɛɪɢɥɥɹɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɟɪɞɢɣ ɋɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɧɟɱɚɫɬɨ – ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɧɡɢɹ ɪɟɞɤɨ – ɚɪɬɟɪɢ

ɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɝɢɩɟɪɬɟɧɡɢɹ ɩɪɢɥɢɜɵ ɬɪɨɦɛɨɮɥɟɛɢɬ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɪɟɞɤɨ – ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ȺȾ ɋɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɱɚɫɬɨ – ɞɢɫɤɨɦɮɨɪɬ ɜ ɠɢɜɨɬɟ ɫɭ

ɯɨɫɬɶ ɜɨ ɪɬɭ ɬɨɲɧɨɬɚ ɪɟɞɤɨ – ɛɨɥɶ ɜ ɠɢɜɨɬɟ ɡɚɩɨɪ ɞɢɚɪɟɹ ɞɢɫɩɟɩɫɢɹ ɪɜɨɬɚ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɪɟɞɤɨ – ɞɢɫɮɚɝɢɹ ɫɬɨɦɚɬɢɬ

ɋɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɤɨɠɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɤɨɠɧɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɪɟɞɤɨ – ɷɪɢɬɟɦɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɬɥɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɡɭɞ ɤɪɚɩɢɜɧɢɰɚ ɫɵɩɶ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɪɟɞɤɨ – ɞɟɪɦɚɬɢɬ

Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɞɤɨ – ɚɫɬɟɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɜɵɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɭɬɨɦɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨ ɠɚɪɚ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɪɟɞɤɨ – ɞɢɫɤɨɦɮɨɪɬ ɜ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɤɟ ɝɢɩɨɬɟɪɦɢɹ

ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɟɱɚɫɬɨ – ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ȺȾ ɪɟɞɤɨ – ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ȺȾ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɢɝ ɥɢɰɟɪɢɞɨɜ ɜ ɫɵɜɨɪɨɬɤɟ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɞɟɩɪɟɫɫɢɹ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɚ 67 ɧɚ ɗɄȽ ɫɧɢɠɟ ɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɷɨɡɢɧɨɮɢɥɨɜ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɱɟɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɮɟɪ ɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɪɟɞɤɨ – ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɥɟɣɤɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɨɦɛɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɫɵ ɬɟɥɚ

ɋɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɨɡɵ ȼɧɭɬɪɶ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɟɞɵ ɫɭɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɞɨɡɚ – ɦɝ ȼ ɜ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɚɩɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɭɡɢɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɮɭɡɢɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɬɶ

ɤɚɩɟɥɶ ɦɢɧ

Ɏɨɪɦɚ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ Ɍɚɛɥɟɬɤɢ ɦɝ

Ʉɫɚɧɬɢɧɨɥɚ ɧɢɤɨɬɢɧɚɬ ;DQWLQRO QLFRWLQDWH

Ʉɫɚɧɬɢɧɨɥɚ ɧɢɤɨɬɢɧɚɬ

Ȼɟɥɵɣ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɪɨɲɨɤ Ʌɟɝɤɨ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦ ɜ ɜɨɞɟ ɦɚɥɨ – ɜ ɫɩɢɪɬɟ

60