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ȽɅȺȼȺ II.
ɈɋɇɈȼɕ ȼɈɄȺɅɖɇɈɃ ɉȿȾȺȽɈȽɂɄɂ
2.1. ɉȿȾȺȽɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂȿ ɉɊɂɇɐɂɉɕ ɈȻɍɑȿɇɂə ȼɈɄȺɅɂɋɌɈȼ ɇȺ ɈɋɇɈȼȿ ɋɂɇɌȿɁȺ ȺɄȺȾȿɆɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɂ ɗɋɌɊȺȾɇɈɃ ȼɈɄȺɅɖɇɈ-ɂɋɉɈɅɇɂɌȿɅɖɋɄɂɏ ɌɊȺȾɂɐɂɃ
ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɜɵɡɜɚɥɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɹɦɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɰɟɧɟ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɷɩɨɯɢ, ɠɚɧɪɚ, ɫɬɢɥɹ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɫɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɨɣ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ, ɧɨ ɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɯ.
ɋɬɭɞɟɧɬɭ-ɜɨɤɚɥɢɫɬɭ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɚɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɧɢɹ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɨɧɢ ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɧɨɟ ɰɟɥɨɟ, ɬɨ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɧɨ ɫɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ. Ɍɚɤ, ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɧɨɣ ɚɪɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɟɫɧɢ ɜ ɫɬɢɥɟ ɤɪɨɫɫɨɜɟɪɚ ɩɟɜɟɰ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɛɟɝɧɭɬɶ ɤ ɧɟɨɛɵɱɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ, ɧɨ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɸ, ɫɭɛɬɨɧɭ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɚɣɞɭ, «ɨɛɵɝɪɚɜ» ɷɬɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɚɦɢ ɤɚɤɭɸ-ɥɢɛɨ ɢɧɬɨɧɚɰɢɸ ɢɥɢ ɮɪɚɡɭ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɚ.
Ȼɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɤɚɥɢɫɬɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɟɩɟɪɬɭɚɪ. ȼɚɠɧɟɣɲɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɨɧ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɜ ɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɜɰɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɜɨɤɚɥɢɫɬɚ, ɜɟɞɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɹ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɣ ɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɨɫɜɚɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɩɟɪɬɭɚɪɚ. Ɋɟɩɟɪɬɭɚɪ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ.
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ɍɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɪɟɩɟɪɬɭɚɪ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ, ɨɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɦ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɫɟ ɜɨɤɚɥɚ. ȿɝɨ ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɲɢɪɨɤɢ. ɉɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɩɟɪɬɭɚɪɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ:
–ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ, ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ;
–ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɤɭɫɚ;
–ɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɠɚɧɪɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɫɬɢɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ;
–ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ ɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚ-
ɧɢɣ;
–ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɢɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ;
–ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɢ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɡɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ;
–ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ;
–ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɭɝɨɡɨɪɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɶ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɤɭɫ;
–ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɧɬɚ;
–ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɷɬɚɩɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ;
–ɩɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ ɨɬ ɚɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɞɧɟɣ;
–ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɢɥɟɣ, ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɢɥɟɣ, ɠɚɧɪɨɜ ɢ ɮɨɪɦ;
–ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɢɦɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɬɡɵɜɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɦɭɡɵɤɭ, ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɣ;
–ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦ ɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ;
–ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɵ, ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ;
–ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɫɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ;
–ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɚɤ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɰɟɥɟɭɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɚɪɬɢɫɬɢɡɦ, ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ, ɜɨɥɹ, ɫɚɦɨɨɛɥɚɞɚɧɢɟ;
–ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɠɚɧɪɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɢ ɧɟɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɢɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ;
–ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ ɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɤɥɢɤ ɧɚ ɧɟɺ,
–ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɧɬɚ ɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɢɥɹ ɢɝɪɵ;
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– ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨ-ɞɭɯɨɜɧɚɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɥɨɞɺɠɢ ɢ ɪɨɫɬɨɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɦɭɡɵɤɟ ɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɨɟ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ ɨɬ ɛɟɡɞɚɪɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɞɟɥɤɢ.
ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɩɟɪɬɭɚɪɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵ ɜɜɢɞɭ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɛɨɪ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ. ȼɵɞɟɥɢɦ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɤɚɥɢɫɬɚ, ɩɨɸɳɟɝɨ ɜ ɫɬɢɥɟ, ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɸɳɟɦ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ:
1.ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɭ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɵɬɚ, ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ;
2.ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ;
3.ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨ-ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ, ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɢ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɟɝɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ;
4.ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɩɟɪɬɭɚɪɚ, ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ;
5.ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ;
6.ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɦɭ ɦɢɪɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɭ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ, ɟɝɨ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɣ ɡɪɟɥɨɫɬɢ;
7.ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɩɨ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ, ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ, ɠɚɧɪɚɦ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɦ;
8.ɧɚɰɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɟ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɢɞɟɣɧɨ-ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ, ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ;
9.ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɜɤɭɫ ɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɨɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ;
10.ɢɞɟɣɧɚɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ;
11.ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ;
12.ɨɯɜɚɬ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɢɥɟɣ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ – ɤɥɚɫɫɢɤɢ (ɨɬ ɛɚɪɨɤɤɨ ɞɨ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɚ), ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɣ ɢ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɠɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ, ɩɨɥɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɩɶɟɫ.
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɩɟɪɬɭɚɪ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɤɚɥɢɫɬɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɜɭɡɨɜ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ.
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«ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ» ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɧɚɰɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɢɤɚ. ɇɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ. ȼ ɫɜɟɬɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ, ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɢɫɥɭɲɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɡɚɩɪɨɫɚɦ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɦ ɭ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɤɪɭɝ ɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ, ɭɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɫɬɪɚɫɬɢɣ. ȼɟɞɶ ɥɸɛɢɦɭɸ ɩɟɫɧɸ ɭɱɚɳɢɣɫɹ ɜɵɭɱɢɬ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɧɟ ɩɨɧɪɚɜɢɜɲɭɸɫɹ, ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɦ ɢ ɜɞɨɯɧɨɜɟɧɢɟɦ, ɱɟɦ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ.
Ɋɚɡɧɨɠɚɧɪɨɜɵɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢɥɟɜɨɣ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɪɟɩɟɪɬɭɚɪ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɤɚɥɢɫɬɚ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɪɟɩɟɪɬɭɚɪ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɟɪɶɺɡɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ, ɢ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ – ɷɬɚɥɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɵ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɨ-ɞɠɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ – ɩɨɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɟɜɰɭ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɬɶ ɩɪɢɟɦɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɢɥɟɣ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɢɬ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ, ɝɞɟ ɢ ɤɚɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɺɦɵ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɭɦɟɫɬɧɵɦ, ɚ ɝɞɟ – ɧɟɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɵ. Ɋɟɩɟɪɬɭɚɪ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɢɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɢ ɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɤɭɫɚ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɩɟɪɬɭɚɪɚ, ɩɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ȼ.Ƚ. Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ, ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ, ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ, ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ, ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ, ɫɬɢɥɟɜɨɟ ɢ ɠɚɧɪɨɜɨɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ [7, ɫ. 59]. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɪɟɩɟɪɬɭɚɪ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ – ɥɢɲɶ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɜ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ. ȼɬɨɪɵɦ ɷɬɚɩɨɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɭ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɟɜɰɚ ɧɚɜɵɤɚ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɩɟɪɬɭɚɪɚ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɢ ɷɬɚɥɨɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɚɦ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ, ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɨ-ɞɠɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨ- ɤɚɥɶɧɨ-ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɯ ɨɩɭɫɨɜ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɪɚɡɭɱɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɤɚɥɢɡɨɜ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ, ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɠɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɷɬɸɞɵ, ɛɥɸɡɨɜɵɟ ɦɟɥɨɞɢɢ, ɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɟɫɧɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɣ, ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ, ɚɮɪɨ- ɢ ɥɚɬɢɧɨɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ. ȼɫɟ ɨɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɧɵ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɸ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜɨɤɚɥɢɫɬɚ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ, ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨ-
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ɦɨɝɚɥɢ ɭɱɚɳɟɦɭɫɹ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɶ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɫɜɨɣ ɧɟɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɦɵɣ ɫɬɢɥɶ ɩɟɧɢɹ.
ȼɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɤ ɷɬɢɦ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ, ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɤɚɥɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɞɠɚɡ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɭɸ ɢ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɦɚɧɟɪɭ ɩɟɧɢɹ, ɱɟɬɤɭɸ ɚɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɸ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɡɜɭɤɚ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦɢ, ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɚɦɢ, ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ, ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɢɡ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɲɢɪɨɤɢɦ ɚɪɫɟɧɚɥɨɦ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜɨɤɚɥɚ.
ȼɚɠɧɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨ-ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɵɥɚ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɺɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɨɧɚɰɢɹ, ɧɟɫɭɳɚɹ ɜ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɭɸ ɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɭ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɳɚɹ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɚɯ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹɯ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɟɜɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɬɨɧɚɰɢɢ, ɧɟɫɭɳɟɣ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɢ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɭɸ ɨɤɪɚɫɤɭ, ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ. ɂɧɬɨɧɚɰɢɹ ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɚɡɭɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɷɬɸɞɨɜ, ɫɨɥɶɮɟɞɠɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɟɩɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɩɟɪɬɭɚɪɚ. Ɍɪɭɞɹɫɶ ɧɚɞ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ, ɡɜɭɤɨɦ, ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɨɣ, ɲɬɪɢɯɚɦɢ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɫɦɵɫɥɨɦ, ɞɪɚɦɚɬɭɪɝɢɟɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬ-ɜɨɤɚɥɢɫɬ ɨɬɬɚɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɺ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɟɬɜɨɪɹɟɬ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ.
ȼɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦɚ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɵɯ ɩɟɜɰɨɜ ɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ, ɱɬɨ ɜɟɞɺɬ ɤ ɨɛɟɫɰɟɧɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ ɢ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɸ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɤɚɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɟɣ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ, ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ, ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɭɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɤɭɫɚ, ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɣ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨ- ɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɧɢɹ:
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–ɱɢɫɬɨɟ ɢɧɬɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɥɭɯ;
–ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɱɟɬɤɚɹ ɚɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɹ;
–ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɵɦ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɦ ɢ ɝɨɪɬɚɧɶɸ;
–ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨ-ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɣ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɟɣ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ, ɫɬɢɥɟɦ ɢ ɠɚɧɪɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ ɢ ɫɨ ɜɤɭɫɨɦ ɜɨɩɥɨɬɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɡɚɦɵɫɟɥ.
Ⱦɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɵ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ:
–ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨ-ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ;
–ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ;
–ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɢɢ, ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ, ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ;
–ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ, ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨ-ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɢ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ;
–ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧ ɢ ɦɟɠɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ.
Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨ-ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɤɪɨɫɫɨɜɟɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ, ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɣ, ɦɧɨɝɨɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ:
–ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɢ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ;
–ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨ-ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ;
–ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ, ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɫɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ, ɭɦɟɧɢɹ, ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɺɦɵ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɟɧɢɹ;
–ɩɨɞɛɨɪ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɩɟɪɬɭɚɪɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɟɫɧɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɠɚɧɪɨɜ, ɫɬɢɥɟɣ ɢ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɟɧɢɹ (ɤɥɚɫɫɢɤɭ, ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪ, ɩɨɩ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ, ɞɠɚɡ, ɪɨɤ ɢ ɞɪ.);
–ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨ-ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜɧɟɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɢɢ.
ɉɪɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɦ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɤɚɥɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ: ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ (ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɪɬɚɧɢ), ɱɢɫɬɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦɧɵɣ ɡɜɭɤ ɛɟɡ ɲɭɦɨɜ ɢ ɯɪɢɩɚ, ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɡɜɭɤɨɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɩɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɜɢɛɪɚɬɨ, ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɧɟɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɨɳɭɬɢɦɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ, ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɫɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ, ɭɦɟɧɢɹ, ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɺɦɵ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɫɜɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɭɱɟɛ-
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ɧɵɣ ɪɟɩɟɪɬɭɚɪ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɟɫɧɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɠɚɧɪɨɜ, ɫɬɢɥɟɣ ɢ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɟɧɢɹ (ɤɥɚɫɫɢɤɭ, ɮɨɥɶɤɥɨɪ, ɩɨɩ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ, ɞɠɚɡ, ɪɨɤ ɢ ɞɪ.). Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨ-ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɩɟɜɰɚ.
ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɣ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɷɬɚɠɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɟɝɨ ɤ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨ-ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɗɬɨɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɵɲɟɱɧɵɯ ɢ ɫɥɭɯɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ, ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɢɧɬɨɧɚɰɢɢ, ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭ ɢ ɦɚɧɟɪɟ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɡɜɭɤɚ, ɚɬɚɤɟ, ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ, ɚɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɵɦ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɦ ɭɱɚɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɜɚɟɬ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦɢ ɩɟɜɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɸ ɫɥɭɯɚ ɢ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ, ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬ ɱɟɬɤɭɸ ɞɢɤɰɢɸ, ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɪɨɜɧɨɟ ɡɜɭɱɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɭ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ, ɨɛɨɝɚɳɚɟɬ ɬɟɦɛɪ, ɭɱɢɬɫɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɦɵɲɰɚɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɧɢɢ, ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɬɨɪɨɜ, ɨɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɚɬɚɤ, ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ, ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɟɬ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ. ɉɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɟɜɰɭ ɩɨɥɧɨɰɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɣ ɝɨɥɨɫ ɜ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ, ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɤɪɭɝ ɠɚɧɪɨɜ, ɫɬɢɥɟɣ ɢ ɦɚɧɟɪ ɩɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨ-ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɲɤɨɥɚɯ, «ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ» [12, ɫ. 432]. ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ, ɝɞɟ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɵɯ ɩɟɜɰɨɜ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɫɬɢɥɟɜɨɣ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ, ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ, ɞɜɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɦɭ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɭ: ɨɞɢɧ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɩɟɜɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɹɞɚ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ, ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ ɫ ɭɱɺɬɨɦ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɫɬɢɥɟɜɨɣ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ, ɜɬɨɪɨɣ – ɧɚ ɩɨɞɪɚɠɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɦ «ɡɜɟɡɞɚɦ» ɷɫɬɪɚɞɵ ɢ ɩɨɢɫɤɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɚɧɟɪɵ ɩɟɧɢɹ.
ɂɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ, ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦ, ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɵɯ ɩɟɜɰɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ, ɧɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ. ɗɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɦɭɡɵɤɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ ɢ ɦɚɧɟɪɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ – ɲɢɪɟ – ɫɰɟɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɦɢɞɠɚ ɚɪɬɢɫɬɚ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɚɤɰɟɧɬ ɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɜɰɚ, ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɡɨɜ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ, ɫɬɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɬɢɥɟɜɨɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ
69
ɢɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ. ɗɫɬɪɚɞɧɨɟ ɩɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɚɫɩɟɤɬɧɨɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ, ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɟɟɫɹ ɜ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɟ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɣ (ɨɬ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɧɢɹ ɞɨ ɩɨɩ-, ɪɨɤ- ɢ ɞɠɚɡɨɜɨɣ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ), ɱɬɨ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ.
Ɉɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɤɚɥɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɣ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɤɨɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯ ɦɭɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɤɢ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɢ, ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɩɪɢɱɺɦ ɜ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɣ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ. ȼɟɞɶ ɩɪɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɟ ɫɬɢɥɟɜɵɯ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɤɚɥɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɜ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɫɮɟɪɚɯ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɟɬ ɨɞɧɚ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ: ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ (ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɦ ɢ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɚɦɢ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ), ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ (ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɥɭɯ, ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɤɭɫ, ɩɨɞɛɨɪ ɪɟɩɟɪɬɭɚɪɚ) ɢ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɩɟɜɰɚ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɣ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɤɚɥɢɫɬɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɦɟɥɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɪɢɬɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ, ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɵɦ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɨɦ, ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɚɦɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɸɚɧɫɚɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɡɜɭɱɚɧɢɹ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ. ɇɨ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɟ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɜɰɚ, ɷɬɨ ɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɢɦ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ, ɧɟɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɦɨɝɨ ɬɟɦɛɪɚ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ, ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ. ɂ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ «ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɫɚɦɨɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɩɟɜɰɚ» [3, ɫ. 238]. Ʌɟɠɚɳɢɟ ɜ ɟɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɜɨɤɚɥɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɭɱɺɬɨɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɨɣ ɦɚɧɟɪɵ ɩɟɧɢɹ.
Ɉ.Ʌ. Ɇɨɧɞ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɭɟɬ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɤɚɥɭ
ɢɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɞɜɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɧɢɤɨɜ [9, ɫ. 83]. ɗɬɨ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɮɨɧɨɩɟɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ȼ.ȼ. ȿɦɟɥɶɹɧɨɜɚ, ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ Ʌ.Ȼ. Ⱦɦɢɬɪɢɟɜɚ, ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɚɹ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ȼ.ȼ. Ɇɨɪɨɡɨɜɚ. Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɤɪɭɝɥɨɝɨ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɩɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɡɚɥɟ ɜ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɨɪɤɟɫɬɪɚ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɪɬɢɫɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɫɬɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɦɚɧɟ-
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