Основы музыкально-исполнительского искусства. Учебное пособие

-ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ;

-ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɭɞɨɥɸɛɢɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ;

-ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɜɤɭɫɨɦ;

-ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɩɚɬɪɢɨɬɢɡɦɚ.

ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɰɟɥɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɯ:

- ɨɛɭɱɢɬɶ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨ-

ɫɬɢ;

-ɪɚɡɜɢɬɶ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɮɟɪɭ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ, ɨɬɡɵɜɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɨɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɩɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɰɢɣ;

-ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɶ ɭɜɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹɦ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ;

-ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɭ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ;

-ɞɨɧɟɫɬɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɞɨ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ;

-ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɭ ɜɨɤɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɤ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɧɚ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɟ. ɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɤɚɥɚ

ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɹ, ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɡɜɭɤɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɤɰɢɢ, ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɚɦɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɝɨɥɨɫ ɩɨ-ɫɜɨɟɦɭ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɟɧ, ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɸ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɩɢɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ.

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ – ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ, ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɚɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɥɭɲɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɡɜɭɤɨɡɚɩɢɫɟɣ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɯ ɩɟɜɰɨɜ, ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬɨɜ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɨɜ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨ-ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ, ɡɧɚɤɨɦɫɬɜɨ ɫ ɜɢɞɟɨ- ɢ ɚɭɞɢɨɡɚɩɢɫɹɦɢ ɲɟɞɟɜɪɨɜ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ «ɠɢɜɨɟ» ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɦɚɫɬɟɪ-ɤɥɚɫɫɚɯ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬɚɯ.

ɇɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɜɨɤɚɥɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɤɚɤ:

-ɚɫɫɨɰɢɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɫ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ;

-ɫɨɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɩɟɫɧɢ;

-ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ;

-ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɦ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ, ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɭɱɚɳɟɦɭɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɭɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ;

-ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɟɫɧɢ;

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-ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɫɬɪɨɣɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɦɭɡɵɤɟ;

-ɫɚɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ;

-ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɦɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬɚɯ;

-ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ. Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɨɛɭɱɟ-

ɧɢɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ:

-ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɤɥɚɫɫ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ;

-ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ;

-ɡɟɪɤɚɥɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ;

-ɧɨɬɧɵɟ, ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ;

-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ: ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ, ɦɢɤɪɨɮɨɧ, ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ɫ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɤ ɫɟɬɢ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ, ɚɭɞɢɨ- ɢ ɜɢɞɟɨɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ.

ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɨɬɜɟɞɺɧɧɨɟ ɧɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɞɟɥɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ. Ⱥɭɞɢɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɩɨ ɷɬɚɩɚɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɭɱɟɬɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ. Ɉɛɴɟɦ ɱɚɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɣ, ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ.

Ɍɢɩɵ ɜɧɟɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɨɜɵ:

– ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɜ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ (ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɟ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɮɨɧɚɰɢɢ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɩɟɜɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ, ɪɚɫɩɟɜɤɚ ɢ ɩɪ.);

– ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɫ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɦ ɭɜɢɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ, ɭɫɥɵɲɚɧɧɨɝɨ;

– ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɪɬɚɯ ɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɦɚɫɬɟɪ-ɤɥɚɫɫɚɯ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɬɢɩ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ: ɷɤɫɬɪɚɜɟɪɬ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɬɪɨɜɟɪɬ, ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɤɚɡ, ɢɧɬɭɢɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɛɵɫɬɪɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ, ɫɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɚɛɚɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. Ɉɬɜɟɬɵ ɧɚ ɷɬɢ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɚɬ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɚ. ɋɬɟɫɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɨɦ, ɜɫɟɞɨɡɜɨɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ – ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɫɚɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ. Ƚɨɥɨɫɨɜɨɣ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɤɨɦɮɨɪɬ, ɢ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɱɚɳɟɧɧɨɦ, ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɦ, ɷɧɟɪɝɢɱɧɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɜɹɥɨɦ ɞɵɯɚɧɢɢ, ɫɩɚɡɦɚɯ ɝɨɪɥɚ, ɧɟɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɤɚɯ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɨɦ ɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɦ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɜɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ, ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɣ, ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɵ. ɗɬɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɚɪɬɢɫɬɢɡɦɚ ɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ-ɜɨɤɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ.

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ɂɬɨɝɨɦ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨ-ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɚɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɜɰɚ. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɢɥɢ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɤɚɥɭ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɭɱɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ, ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦɢ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ:

1.ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɩɨɥɢɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ, ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɬɨɥɟɪɚɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ.

2.ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ ɢ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɚɰɟɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ (ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɨɛɳɟɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ).

Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɨɤɚɥ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɤɚɤ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚ – ɜ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨɝɨ ɫɦɵɫɥɚ (ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɬɢɹ) ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɨɦ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ (ɧɨ ɧɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɢ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɨ ɥɸɛɨɦɭ ɩɨɜɨɞɭ). Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɧɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɛɨɪɶɛɨɣ ɡɚ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɠɢɬɶ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɢɫɬɢɧɵ, ɚ ɧɟ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɜɟɳɟɣ.

ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ

1.Ⱥɫɩɟɥɭɧɞ Ⱦ.Ʌ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɟɜɰɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ. Ɇ Ɇ.-Ʌ.: Ƚɨɫ.

ɦɭɡ. ɢɡɞ-ɜɨ, 1952. – 191 ɫ.

2.Ȼɟɪɯɢɧ ɇ.Ȼ. Ɋɨɥɶ ɫɨɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ // ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ. – 1988. – ʋ 4.

–324 ɫ.

3.ȼɵɝɨɬɫɤɢɣ Ʌ.ɋ. ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ / ɩɨɞ ɪɟɞ. ȼ.ɋ. əɪɨɲɟɜɫɤɨɝɨ. – Ɇ.: ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ, 1983. – 246 ɫ.

4.ɀɚɪɤɨɜ Ⱥ.Ⱦ. ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ: ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ, ɬɟɨɪɢɹ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ. – Ɇ.: ɆȽɍɄɂ, 2003. – 188 ɫ.

5.Ʉɚɪɦɚɧɨɜɚ ȼ.ȼ. ȼɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ: ɩɟɬɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ! // Ƚɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɵɟ ɜɟɞɨɦɨɫɬɢ ɌɉȽɍ ɢɦ. Ʌ.ɇ. Ɍɨɥɫɬɨɝɨ. – 2013.

–ʋ 1–2 (4–5). – ɋ. 54–57.

6.Ʉɭɡɧɟɰɨɜɚ ȿ.ɉ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɤ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɵɯ ɜɨɤɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ // ɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢɟ, ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ. – 2017. – ʋ 9 (83). – ɋ. 118–121.

7.Ɇɚɥɵɲɟɜɚ ɇ.Ɇ. Ɉ ɩɟɧɢɢ: ɢɡ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɩɟɜɰɚɦɢ: ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱ. ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. – Ɇ.: ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪ, 1988. – 136 ɫ.

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8.Ɇɟɧɚɛɟɧɢ Ⱥ.Ƚ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɟɧɢɸ: ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɟɞ. ɢɧ-ɬɨɜ. – Ɇ.: ɉɪɨɫɜɟɳɟɧɢɟ, 1987. – 176 ɫ.

9.Ɇɨɧɞ Ɉ.Ʌ. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɤɚɥɭ // ɂɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ. – 2009. – ʋ 5. – ɋ. 81–90.

10.ɇɭɪɝɚɹɧɨɜɚ ɇ.ɏ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨ-ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ-ɦɭɡɵɤɚɧɬɚ ɤɚɤ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ

//ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ɌȽȽɉɍ. – 2010. – ʋ 3 (21). – ɋ. 232–237.

11.ɉɢɜɧɢɰɤɚɹ Ɉ.ȼ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɬɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɨɦ ɜɨɤɚɥɟ: ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ // Ɇɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ. – 2014. – ʋ 3. – ɋ. 127–133.

12.ɉɨɥɨɰɤɚɹ Ɏ.Ʌ. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɜɰɨɜ ɜ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɨɦ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɚɧɫɚɦɛɥɟ

//Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɩɪɚɜɚ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ. – 2016. –

ȼɵɩ. XII. – ɋ. 430–434.

13.Ɋɵɛɚɤɨɜɚ ȿ.Ʌ. Ɋɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɵ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ: ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɢ, ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ. – ɋɉɛ.:

ɋɉɛȽɍɄɂ, 2006. – 280 ɫ.

14.ɋɟɦɟɧɱɟɧɤɨ ȿ.ȼ. Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɨɫɫɨɜɟɪ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ // ɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢɟ, ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɭɤɢ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ. ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ. – 2016. – ʋ 1 (63). – C. 165–167.

15.ɋɦɟɥɤɨɜɚ Ɍ.Ⱦ., ɋɚɜɟɥɶɟɜɚ ɘ.ȼ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɭ: ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɞɥɹ ȼɉɈ. – ɋɉɛ.: Ʌɚɧɶ, 2014. – 160 ɫ.

16.ɋɬɭɥɨɜɚ Ƚ.ɉ. ɋɭɳɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ // Ɇɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɫɤɭɫ-

ɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ. – 2013. – ʋ 2. – ɋ. 123–127.

17.Ɍɚɸɲɟɜ ɋ.ɋ. ɀɚɧɪ crossover ɤɚɤ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ // Ɂɧɚɧɢɟ. ɉɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ. ɍɦɟɧɢɟ. – 2011. – ʋ 1. – ɋ. 231–237.

18.ɐɵɩɢɧ Ƚ.Ɇ. ɉɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ: ɬɟɨɪɢɹ

ɢɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ: ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ. – Ɇ.: Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɹ, 2003. – 368 ɫ.

19.ɑɭɝɭɧɨɜ ɘ. 22 ɗɫɬɪɚɞɧɨ-ɞɠɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɜɨɤɚɥ // Ⱦɠɚɡɨɜɚɹ ɦɨɡɚ-

ɢɤɚ. – Ɇ.: Ɇɭɡɵɤɚ, 1997. – ɋ. 72–78.

20.ɒɚɤ Ɏ.Ɇ. Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɲɨɭ-ɛɢɡɧɟɫ ɧɚ ɩɭɬɢ ɤ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ // Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɘɝɚ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. – 2013. – ʋ 4 (51). – ɋ. 23–26.

21.ɘɞɢɧ ɋ.ɉ. ɉɟɜɟɰ ɢ ɝɨɥɨɫ: ɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɟ ɩɟ-

ɧɢɹ. – Ɇ.: Ʌɢɛɪɨɤɨɦ, 2014. – 142 ɫ.

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22. ɘɳɟɧɤɨ ɇ.ɋ., Ʌɚɩɤɨɜɫɤɚɹ ȿ.ɇ. ɋɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɷɫɬɪɚɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɤɚɥɢɫɬɚ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ // ɏɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɬɵɫɹɱɟɥɟɬɢɹ: ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ: ɋɛ. ɧɚɭɱ. ɬɪ. ȼɵɫɲɟɣ ɲɤɨɥɵ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ ɢɦ. Ⱥ. ɒɧɢɬɤɟ (ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ) ɊȽɋɍ. ȼɵɩ. III. – Ɇ.: ɈɈɈ «Ȼɭɤɢ-ɜɟɞɢ», 2017. – ɋ. 388–396.

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1.2. ɄɍɅɖɌɍɊȺ ɂɇɌȿɊɉɊȿɌȺɐɂɂ ɄȺɄ ɈɋɇɈȼȺ ȺɄȺȾȿɆɂɑȿɋɄɈȽɈ ȼɈɄȺɅɖɇɈȽɈ

ɂɋɉɈɅɇɂɌȿɅɖɋɌȼȺ

ȼɵɫɨɤɨɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɯ ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɚ ɜ ɞɭɲɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ, ɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɦ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨɣ ɩɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɢɝɪɵ ɧɚ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɟ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɫɟɛɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɢ ɡɜɭɤɚ. ɂ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɩɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɢɝɪɚ ɧɚ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɟ ɫɬɚɧɭɬ ɜɞɨɯɧɨɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ, ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ, ɩɪɨɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ, ɱɭɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɢɫɤɪɟɧɧɢɦɢ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɭɡɵɤɢ, ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. ɋɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ-ɜɨɤɚɥɢɫɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɢɚɧɢɫɬɚ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɬɶ ɛɨɝɚɬɵɣ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ, ɡɚɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɜɟɪɛɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɢ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ.

ȼɚɠɧɵɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ. Ɋɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɹɦɢ ɪɟɲɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ. Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ, ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɢɬɨɝɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨ-ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ.

Ɋɟɮɥɟɤɫɢɜɧɵɟ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɚ – ɧɟɨɬɴɟɦɥɟɦɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ, ɫɚɦɨɨɰɟɧɤɟ, ɫɚɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɟ, ɫɚɦɨɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɢ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ. Ʉɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɧɨɫɹɳɟɝɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɚ-ɜɨɤɚɥɢɫɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɤɚɥɚ.

ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɫɫɟɪɚ Ʉ.ɋ. ɋɬɚɧɢɫɥɚɜɫɤɨɝɨ, ɫɭɬɶ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɞɨɯɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɫɨɡɢɞɚɧɢɸ. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɢɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ, ɡɚɦɵɫɥɚ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɭɠɞɚɟɬ ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɚ ɨɧɚ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɢ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɨɛɭɫɥɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ. ȼɟɞɶ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ

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ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɥɭɱɲɢɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ-ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɧɧɨɟ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɦ ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤɨɦ ɜ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɹɪɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɝɢɛɤɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɪɚɡɵ. ɋɬɨɢɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɧɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɸ.

ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɷɬɚɩɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢ, ɷɫɬɟɬɢɤɢ, ɬɟɨɪɢɢ, ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ, ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɩɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ. ɇɨɬɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɧɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɨɬɬɟɧɤɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. ɇɨɬɧɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɷɩɨɯɨɣ, ɫɬɢɥɟɦ, ɠɚɧɪɨɦ, ɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ, ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɨɦ, ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɩɢɫɶɦɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚɦɢ. Ⱦɚɠɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɵɫɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɵɟ «ɡɨɧɵ», ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɨɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɭɫɚ, ɩɪɢɫɭɳɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ ɞɥɹ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ.

ɀɢɜɚɹ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɹ ɪɢɬɦɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɜɭɱɚɧɢɣ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɤɥɨɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɜɭɤɨɜ. ȿɳɺ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɫɥɨɜɟɫɧɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɚ – allegro, presto, adagio ɢ ɬ.ɞ. Ⱦɚ ɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɪɨɧɨɦɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɩ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɢ. Ɇɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩ ɠɢɜɨɣ ɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ. ȼɧɭɬɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɨɜɵɯ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪ ɧɟ ɜ ɫɢɥɚɯ ɡɚɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɧɨɬɚɯ. Ȼɟɬɯɨɜɟɧ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɜ ɦɟɬɪɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɬɟɦɩ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɟɫɧɟ «ɋɟɜɟɪ ɢ ɘɝ», ɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɥ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɤ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɬɚɤɬɚɦ, ɢɛɨ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɜɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɚɤɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɟɣ. Ɉɧ ɠɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥ, ɱɬɨ ɬɨɬ ɩɟɜɟɰ, ɤɬɨ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɭɡɵɤɭ, ɧɟ ɧɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɟɬɪɨɧɨɦɟ.

Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɢ ɜɫɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɧɨɬɧɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ: ɢ ɝɪɨɦɤɨɫɬɢ (forte, piano...), ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɚɪɬɢɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ (ɲɬɪɢɯɨɜ legato, staccato...), ɢ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɜɭɱɚɧɢɹ (dolce, risoluto...). Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɧɨɬɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɭɸ ɡɨɧɭ, ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɡɜɭɱɚɧɢɣ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɚɦɵɫɥɭ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɫɟɬɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɨɜ. Ɍɚɤ, Ɏ. Ʌɢɫɬ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɯɨɬɹ ɢ ɫɬɚɪɚɥɫɹ ɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɹɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɦɵɫɥɢ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɫɤɪɵɜɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɦɧɨɝɨɟ ɢ ɩɨɪɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɟɦɭ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɭɞɚɜɚɥɨɫɶ ɩɟ-

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ɪɟɧɟɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɛɭɦɚɝɭ. ɂ. ɋɬɪɚɜɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɧɟ ɜɟɪɢɥ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɧɨ ɢ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɸ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɬɢɥɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ.

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɨɬɧɵɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɫɥɚɛɨɟ ɭɤɨɪɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɛɵɬɢɢ. Ɉɧ ɥɢɲɶ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɭɫɚ, ɧɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬ ɷɬɭ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɧɬ-ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɬɨɥɶ ɜɟɥɢɤɚ ɪɨɥɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ. ɂɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɪɚɡ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɜɨɡɪɨɠɞɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ, ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɧɟɛɵɬɢɹ ɜ ɛɵɬɢɟ.

Ȼɭɞɭɱɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ. ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɷɬɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹ ɧɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɦ ɧɨɬɧɵɯ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɬɢɥɟɜɵɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɚ. ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ – ɩɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɫɨɛɵɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɸ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ. Ɇɭɡɵɤɚɧɬɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɶ. ȼɨɬ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ-ɜɨɤɚɥɢɫɬɚ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɚɭɱɢɬɶ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨ-ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.

Ɍɪɟɬɶɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ – ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɟ, ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɹ ɟɝɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɟɛɹ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫɜɨɣ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɵɣ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɣ ɦɢɪ, ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɟɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬ, ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɟ ɟɦɭ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɬɬɟɧɤɢ. Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɬɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɩɨɯɢ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɨɧ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ. ɋɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɧɨ-ɩɪɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɟ ɟɦɭ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɭɸ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ, ɪɟɲɚɟɦɭɸ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɧɬɨɦ-ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɟɦ.

ɇɨɬɧɚɹ ɡɚɩɢɫɶ – ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ, ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ, ɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɬ – ɥɢɲɶ ɚɡɛɭɤɚ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ (Ⱥ. ɋɟɪɨɜ). Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɜɟɪɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɤɚɤɨɟ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢ, ɧɨ ɨɫɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɦɵɫɥɚ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹ. ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɚɧɢɣ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɨɬɧɸɞɶ ɧɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɥɟɱɺɬ ɡɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɜɵɞɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɢɫ-

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ɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɢ, ɤɚɤ ɒɚɥɹɩɢɧ, ɋɨɛɢɧɨɜ, Ⱥɪɯɢɩɨɜɚ, ȼɢɲɧɟɜɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɜ ɫɜɨɺɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɟ, ɨɫɬɚɜɚɹɫɶ ɜɟɪɧɵɦɢ «ɞɭɯɭ» ɚɜɬɨɪɚ, ɩɨɞɱɚɫ ɨɬɫɬɭɩɚɥɢ ɨɬ ɪɟɦɚɪɨɤ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɨɬ ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɢɤɚ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɫɚɦɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɥɢ ɫɜɨɢ ɠɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ, ɫɞɟɥɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɚɪɬɢɬɭɪɟ. Ʉ ɬɨɦɭ ɠɟ ɩɚɪɬɢɬɭɪɚ – ɷɬɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹɳɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɢ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ. Ȼɚɯ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɧɟ ɜɵɫɬɚɜɥɹɥ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɣ; ɧɟ ɢɦɟɥ ɨɧ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɫɬɨɥɶ ɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɟɥɚɸɬ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɡɢɬɨɪɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɟɬɪɨɧɨɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ.

ȼɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ. ȼ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɩɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɡɜɭɱɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟɩɨɥɧɨ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɧɨɬɧɨɣ ɡɚɩɢɫɢ. ɇɨ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɢɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɫɚɦɨ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ ɡɜɭɱɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɵɦ ɚɜɬɨɪɫɤɢɦ, ɚ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɫɥɭɲɚɬɟɥɢ ɢɡɜɥɟɤɚɸɬ ɢɡ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɧɬɚ, ɢɡ ɬɨɣ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɨɧɢ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɛɵ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɶ ɢɡ ɡɜɭɱɚɧɢɹ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɦ. ɉɨɞɥɢɧɧɨɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɧɨɦ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ.

ɋɬɢɥɟɜɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɬɨɞɨɤɫɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɣ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɧɬɨɜ ɩɭɬɺɦ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɣ ɢ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɭɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ. Ɋɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɞɧɨɪɨɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ.

Ʉɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ, ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɤ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɦ, ɯɨɬɹ ɜɨɤɚɥɶɧɨ-ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɯɨɪɟ, ɢ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɚɯ ɫɨɥɶɮɟɞɠɢɨ, ɢ ɜ ɤɚɦɟɪɧɨɦ ɚɧɫɚɦɛɥɟ. ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɜɨɤɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɨɜɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɧɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹɯ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ ɩɵɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ, ɢ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɚɦɢɦ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɫɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɚ ɭɪɨɤɟ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɟɞɺɬ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚ ɤ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɸ, ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ.

ɇɟɦɚɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɢ ɜɨɤɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɚɰɢɹ ɦɭɡɵɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɚɦ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ-ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɨɜ,

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