Добавил:

ivanov666 Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.

Вуз:

Башкирский Государственный Аграрный Университет

Предмет:

[НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]

Файл:

Культура и национальное самосознание Европы. Практикум на английском языке

.pdf

Скачиваний:

Добавлен:

11.08.2026

Размер:

601 Кб

Скачать

☆

<<< < Предыдущая 12 / 102 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > Следующая >>>

Task 4. What is national identity according to Anthony Smith? Task 5. What is A. Smith’s idea of European unity?

Task 6. What is A. Smith’s idea of European identity?

Task 7.Account for reasons for the revival of nationalism in the globalization era, which A.Smith points out in his article.

Task 8. Why is the landscape an essential vehicle and mould for nation-building? Give examples of the symbolic status of the landscape.

Task 9. Why are legal and political rights essential in the Western model of a nation?

Task 10. Read two definitions of nations. Which one do you agree with? Give arguments to support your point of view.

1)«Ethnic distinctiveness remains a core of the nation. That means shared ancestry myths, common historical memories, unique cultural markers, and a sense of difference. The past (history) is of great importance. (Anthony D. Smith)

2)Nations are entirely modern and are socially constructed. The past is largely irrelevant. (Ernest Gellner)

Task 11. Explain the definition by B.Anderson: «”Nation” is an imagined political community».

Vocabulary to learn

1.1.Academic Vocabulary

1.an account

2. approach

e.g. theoretical approaches to…

3.causes and consequences (of smth.)

4.to describe

	5. impact on	e.g. the impacts of immigration
	6. to examine	on national identity
	6. to examine	e.g. We’ll also explore the role of
	7. to explore	e.g. We’ll also explore the role of
		landscape, memory and
	8. to consider	historical heritage.
	8. to consider	e.g. How does national identity
	9. relate to smth.	e.g. How does national identity
		relate to similar concepts like
	10. related to smth.	“nation,” race,etc.?
	10. related to smth.

11.research fields

12.to undergo

13.to stem from

14.according to

15.kinds of

16.to be composed of smth.

17.consequently, therefore

18.features of smth.

19.dimension, multidimensional

20.to argue that

21.to maintain that

22.to imply

23.view

24.to differentiate

25.profound

26.essential

27.to emphasize

28.emphasis on

29.to spring up

30.attitude towards

1.2.Topical Vocabulary

31.contemporary

32.cultural and national awareness

33.European „enlargement

e.g. Europe and the EU are undergoing the most significant changes…

e.g. The concepts of identity and national identity originally stem from the social sciences.

e.g. There are different kinds of collective identity.

e.g. The self is composed of multiple identities

e.g. Legal equality among the members of that community implies exclusion of outsiders from those rights and duties.

e.g. gulf between the concepts of the state and the nation

e.g. The philosophers emphasize these particular features

e.g. a different model of the nation sprang up

34. to shape	e.g. the way in which the past
	has shaped the landscape

35.to re-shape

36.to challenge, challenge, challenging

37. diversity	e.g. cultural diversity of Europe
38. to share	e.g. all who share a historic
	culture and homeland and
	common myths

39.rights and duties

40.possess

41.landscape

42.represent

43.achievements

44. to link, a link	e.g. to link transportation
	networks and US national
	identity

45.to gain independence

46.rural

47.urban

48.to be made up of

49.peasants

50.anthem

51.the ordinary, the everyday

52.community

53.status

	54. source of	e.g. the richest source of
	55. roots of	historical material
	55. roots of	e.g. the emergence of
	56. to emerge; emergence	e.g. the emergence of
	(noun)	independent Finland; the
		emergence of market towns
	57. to reveal	e.g. The landscape reveals the
		impact on the land of foreign
		cultures and civilizations.
	58. to enable	e.g. Landscape enables people to
		create a link with their past.
	59. to generate	e.g. to generate a sense of
	60. a sense of belonging	belonging
	60. a sense of belonging
		13

	61. the Norwegians
	62. the Swiss
	63. the Austrians
	64. the Scottish
	65. the Alps
	66. Asia
	67. legal equality
	68. civil and legal rights
	69. code of laws	e.g. Citizenship implies
	70. to exclude, exclusion	e.g. Citizenship implies
		exclusion of outsiders from those
		rights and duties.
	71. to obey	e.g. to obey the laws
	72. majority	e.g. the vast majority of
	73. border, boundary	contemporary states
	73. border, boundary	e.g. state’s boundaries coincide
	74. to coincide	e.g. state’s boundaries coincide
		with the nation’s ones
	75. to bind	e. g. to bind the population
		together

76.descent

77.descendants (of immigrants)

78. native	e.g. native culture
79. claim, to claim

Recommended Reading

Basic

1.Smith, A. D., National Identity. London: Penguin 1991.

2.Smith, Anthony D. Nationalism and modernism: a critical survey of recent theories of nations and nationalism, London; New York: Routledge 1998.

3.Smith Anthony D. National Identity and the Idea of European Unity International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944). Vol. 68, No. 1 (Jan., 1992), pp. 55–76.

4.Guibernau, M. Anthony D. Smith on nations and national identity: a critical assessment //Nations and Nationalism, 10 (1/2), 2004, p.p.125–141.

5.Coakley, John. Nationalism, Ethnicity and the State Making and Breaking, Dublin: Nations University College 2012.

6.Delanty, G., Kumar, K. The SAGE Handbook of Nations and Nationalism. SAGE Publications Ltd 2006.

7.Grosby, Steven, Leoussi, Athena S. ed. Nationalism and Ethnosymbolism: History, culture and ethnicity in the formation of nations. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press 2007.

Additional

1.When is the nation? : Towards an understanding of theories of nationalism. Ed. Atsuko Ichijo and Gordana Uzelac. London; New York: Routledge 2005.

2.Young, Mitchell, Zuelow, Eric and Sturm Andreas, ed. Nationalism in a global era: The persistence of nations. London; New York: Routledge. 2007.

Internet resources

www.cer.org.uk – An official website of the centre for European reform (CER). CER is an independent, private not-for-profit organization. It positions itself as a think-tank devoted to making the European Union work better and strengthening its role in the world. The CER is pro-European but not uncritical. They regard European integration as largely beneficial but recognize that in many respects the Union does not work well. The CER aims to promote an open, outward-looking and effective European Union. Through meetings, seminars and conferences CER brings together people from the worlds of politics and business, as well as other opinion-formers. The conclusions of their research and seminars are reflected in their publications, which can be used for the preparation for question 5 of the seminar.

PRACTICAL # 2. Multiculturalism in Europe

Objective: to develop the ability to apply knowledge gained from Humanities, Social Studies and Economics in carrying out expert and analytical work on ethnic and racial issues.

Organizational structure of the class: group discussion

Topics for discussion

1.Multiculturalism as a new paradigm of ethnic development.

2.Multiculturalism in academic discourse.

3.Multiculturalism in different national contexts.

4.Revision of history from Multiculturalists’ perspective.

Learning strategies

The practical is devoted to multiculturalism – a phenomenon of the second half of the XX-th century. This is extremely complicated and multi-dimensional issue, that’s why two classes are planned to examine it. Multiculturalism relates to communities containing multiple cultures. The term is used in two broad ways, either descriptively or normatively. As a descriptive term, it usually refers to the simple fact of cultural diversity: it is generally applied to the demographic make-up of a specific place, sometime at the organizational level, e.g. schools, businesses, neighbourhoods, cities, or nations. As a normative term, it refers to ideologies or policies that promote this diversity or its institutionalization. In this sense, multiculturalism is a society “at ease with the rich tapestry of human life and the desire amongst people to express their own identity in the manner they see fit.”

The first practical is focused on multiculturalism as a political theory and ideology. Since there is a host of different and sometimes controversial definitions for multiculturalism, students should bear in mind that multiculturalism is more a discourse rather than a theory in a traditional sense of the word. It refers to a mode of communication across ethnic or religious divisions. The underlying principle of multiculturalism is of not only tolerating but also respecting different religions and cultures and encouraging them to coexist harmoniously.

The preparation for question #1 should be started with the examination of the reasons for the quest of a new paradigm of ethnic development in the 1960–1970-s. Analyze multiculturalism in comparison with the concepts of assimilationism. Compare multicuturalist metaphors of "salad bowl" or "cultural mosaic" with assimilationist metaphor of "melting pot". Think over the question: why did the ideology of nationalism with its central idea of a nation-state based on the principle of unity (of descent, culture, language, and often of religion) and homogeneous society – undergo crises and gave way to multiculturalism?

Question #2. Given the fact that the issue is highly disputable, analyze the arguments of critics of multiculturalism. Deep insights into the matter are provided by articles from the recommended reading list, particularly those of Triandafyllidou, A., Modood, T. and Meer, N.; Werbner, P. and Claval, P.

Question #3. Western nation-states, which had achieved a de facto single national identity during the 18th and/or 19th centuries, has been practicing multiculturalism as official policy since the 1970s. Find out the reasons for the change from assimilationism policies to multiculturalism. Although the reasons vary from country to country, try to find out the common ones. Pay attention to the fact that many of the great cities of the Western world are increasingly made of a mosaic of cultures. Use recent demographic statistics to explore this aspect. Then focus on two main different strategies which have developed through different government policies and strategies. The first focuses on interaction and communication between different cultures. Interactions of cultures provide opportunities for the cultural differences to communicate and interact to create multiculturalism. (Such approaches are also often known as interculturalism.) The second centers on diversity and cultural uniqueness. Cultural isolation can protect the uniqueness of the local culture of a nation and also contribute to global cultural diversity. A common aspect of many policies following the second approach is that they avoid presenting any specific ethnic, religious, or cultural community values as central.

Question #4 is of particular interest for History students. Here they are supposed to do some historiographical country-based research. The aim is to analyze the ways scholars from European countries rewrite their nation’s history from multiculturalists’ perspective.

Assignments for control and development of competences

1.Give definitions to the following terms: “cultural diversity”, "cultural mosaic”, “demographic make-up”, “assimilationism”, “nationstate”.

2.Summarize the main features of multiculturalism as a cultural paradigm of ethnic development.

3.List the arguments of the opponents of multiculturalism.

4.Give examples of multiculturalist interpretation of national history of a European country.

5.Compare multicuturalist metaphors of "salad bowl" or "cultural mosaic" with assimilationist metaphor of "melting pot".

6.Test tasks

Task 1. Explain multiculturalism as a new paradigm of ethnic development.

Task 2. Give account of multiculturalism in academic discourse. Task 4. What is “cultural diversity”?"

Task 5. What is "cultural mosaic”? Task 6. What is “assimilationism”? Task 7. What is a“nation-state”?

Task 8. Why did the ideology of nationalism with its central idea of a nation-state gave way to multiculturalism?

Task 9. What are arguments of the opponents of multiculturalism? 6. Complete an essay on one of the topics:

1. Revision of history from Multiculturalists’ perspective.

2. Multiculturalist interpretation of a national history of a European country.

Requirements for submission of an essay:

An essay has clearly stated objectives and is planned carefully. The structure of the paper work has all the necessary elements. They are the following: 1. Introduction (Objectives of the essay, analysis of primary sources and research works of scholars). 2. Main part (a statement, supportive arguments “for” and “against”, the author’s personal point of view). 3. Conclusion. An excellent essay has clear statements and several supporting arguments presented in a logically coherent order. Conclusions logically follow arguments. The essay must be written according to the requirements: the paper should not exceed 4-5 pages. It should be typed in a readable font such as 12or 14-point Times Roman or Arial. Cover sheet or title page should include the following information: name, class number, instructor’s name, date and the title of the essay. The paper must include footnotes either on each page or at the end of the main text.

	Vocabulary to learn
1. to abandon	e.g. to abandon multiculturalism
2. an advocate	e.g. an advocate
3. advocacy for	of multiculturalism
3. advocacy for
	18

4.assimilation

5.cultural diversity

6.cultural uniqueness

7.to contribute to

8.controversial

9.to coexist

10.country-based research

11.demographic make-up

12.to denounce

13.political dimensions of smth.

14.disputable (issue)

15.the discursive attack on smth.

16.to endorse

17.evidence-based

18.to give way to

19.homogeneous (society)

20.interaction

21.implementing policies

22.marginalized (identity, ethnicity)

23.multiculturalism, multiculturalist, multicultural

24.to overestimate

25.policy-making, policy-maker

26.a post-multicultural alternative

27.to take on (a political task)

28.quest

e.g. to denounce multiculturalism

e.g. to give way to multiculturalism

e.g. interactions of cultures

e.g. to overestimate the political power of smth.

e.g. the quest for a new paradigm

April	2012,	pp.	225–231.	http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/-
07256868.2012.649530.