Английский язык. Сборник контрольных работ для студентов I курса направления подготовки 270800.62 «Строительство» (заочной формы обучения)

The Englishman loves jokes, especially when they are familiar and reliable, like a pair of comfortable old slippers.

The British are comparatively uninterested in clothes. They dress in what they like. They spend a lower proportion of their income on clothing than people in most European countries do. The English are always talking about the weather. Unlike many others, this stereotype is actually true to life. The weather is a very convenient topic to «fill up the gap».

Словарь

stay-at-home – домосед fire-place – камин

to be at ease – зд. отдыхать, расслабиться

the Channel=the English Channe 1 – Английский канал (принятое в Вели-

кобритании название пролива Ла-Манш) the Lakes = the Lake District - Озерный край (живописный р-н гор и озер на северо-западе Англии) hospitality – гостеприимство

to keep oneself to oneself – предпочитать одиночество, быть необщительным, замкнутым

to deceive – вводить в заблуждение, обманывать household – семья

income – доход interest – проценты

prudent – благоразумный orderly – аккуратный, опрятный

limerick – шуточное стихотворение (из пяти строк) nursery rhyme – детский стишок; прибаутка tongue-twister – скороговорка

true to life – жизненно-правдивый, реалистичный fill up the gap – заполнить пробел (зд. паузу)

X. Ответьте на вопросы, пользуясь содержанием текста

1.Do the English prefer to stay at home or go out at weekends?

2.What is the most popular drink in Britain?

3.The English are famous for their hospitality, aren't they?

4.What should one avoid mentioning when talking with English people about their affairs and why?

5.Do the English keep everything in order? How can you prove that?

6.What is one of the most popular hobbies among Englishmen?

7.Can you prove that the English are well-mannered people?

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8.What is their national habit?

9.What is their attitude towards animals?

10.What is your personal attitude towards the English?

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 3

ВАРИАНТ 1

I. Заполните пропуски нужной формой глагола в страдательном залоге

1. In the UK the power of the monarch … by Parliament which is made up of the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

II. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на причастия

1.Having been weighed and registered first, our luggage was taken to the plane.

2.The students discussed the methods used in teaching English to preschool children.

3.The road leading to the hotel was very bumpy.

4.By 5 o'clock, there was only one painting not sold.

5.Being so far away from home, he still felt himself part of the family.

6.Not knowing your new telephone number I couldn't ring you up yesterday.

7.The playing boy didn't notice the approaching car.

8.The time spent at the seaside is very good for you.

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III. Перепишите предложения, используя герундий в нужной временной форме

1.Не tried … answering her question. (to avoid)

2.… a language is always exciting. (to learn)

3.It's no use … Mary, her phone is out of order. (to call)

4.The most gifted students went abroad for … languages. (to study)

5.On … the news she got very upset. Her son was in trouble again. (to receive)

6.I don't mind … the baby for you. (to look after)

7.I think this film is not worth …, it’s dull and dragged out. (to see)

8.In spite of … by many people, the exhibition received little public recognition. (to visit)

IV. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на инфинитив

1.Max came to the reading room to write a report.

2.Which is more pleasant: to give or to be given presents?

3.To run fast and jump high one must train a lot.

4.It is very cold outside. You should put on your coat.

5.The child was happy to have been brought home.

6.Here are some problems to be discussed as soon as possible.

7.It is a chance not to be missed.

8.Don't forget that she has a baby to take care of.

V. Перепишите предложения, используя сочетание модального глагола с инфинитивом в страдательном залоге

1.The building of Moscow University is so high that it … from different parts of the city. (can see)

2.Your classroom … during the break. (must air)

3.The letter … in two-three days. (may receive)

4.Books borrowed from the reading room … more than two days.

(mustn't keep)

5.If you work hard at your English the exam … in advance. (may take)

VI. Переведите сложноподчиненные предложения

1.What I want to do is to help my friend give up smoking.

2.As there was still time before lunch Mr. Field showed the guests round the garden.

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3.Now at Moscow University there are 16 faculties where more than 30,000 students are given instruction by about 10,000 teachers.

4.My theory is that you must leave home to know what home is like.

5.The first newspaper in the world that put in an advertisement was a hand-written Roman newspaper "Daily Happenings".

6.Since our life no longer provides enough exercise we should include it deliberately into our everyday routines.

7.If you learn English well, the skills that you acquire will be helpful in learning your next foreign language, whenever and wherever you learn it.

8.The men whose names meant most to the world were the artists and philosophers, the law-givers and statesmen.

VII. Переведите предложения, содержащие сложное дополнение

1.Hot weather makes me feel tired.

2.They recommend him to take his exam next year.

3.I prefer my mother to cook-meals.

4.Caroline heard the girls discuss her.

5.People consider him to be writing a new novel.

6.We don't allow people to smoke here.

7.I supposed the article to have been written by my brother.

8.The engineer believed the work to be done in time.

VIII. Переведите предложения, содержащие сложное подлежащее

1.Helen was supposed to have been writing a composition for four hours.

2.He is thought to have graduated from the Technological University.

3.The weather seems to be changing.

4.Jim is known to have passed the exam successfully.

5.She was seen to leave the house a few hours ago.

6.Jane is likely to enter the Institute next year.

7.The letter is certain to be translated from Russian into English.

IX. Прочитайте и переведите текст

POLITICAL SYSTEM OF GREAT BRITAIN

The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. This means that it has a monarch (a king or a queen) as its Head of State. The present British monarch is Queen Elizabeth II who succeeded to the throne in 1952 at the age of 26. She reigns but she doesn't rule the country.

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Everything today is done in the Queen's name. It is her government, her armed forces, her law courts and so on. In practice the Queen acts only on the advice of her Ministers, which she cannot constitutionally ignore. The monarch takes no part in decision-making process. She has no political power. The most important function of the Queen is ceremonial. The Queen is the symbol of the country's history and its traditions.

The real power in the country belongs to the British Parliament and to the British Government. The British Parliament has two chambers: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Parliament and the monarch have different roles in the government of the country, and they only meet on symbolic occasions: such as the coronation of a new monarch or the opening of Parliament. In reality, the House of Commons is the only one of the three, which has true power. It is here that new bills are introduced and debated. If the majority of the members are in favour of a bill it goes to the House of Lords to be debated and finally to the monarch to be signed. Only then it becomes law (an act of Parliament).

The House of Commons consists of Members of Parliament (called MPs for short). The British people elect 650 MPs every five years, each representing an area of the UK. The House of Commons is presided over by the Speaker, a member acceptable to the whole House. The political parties choose candidates in elections. The party, which wins the majority of seats in the House of Commons, forms the Government and its leader usually becomes Prime Minister. The Queen appoints him (her). The largest minority party becomes the Opposition (or the «Shadow cabinet»). The Prime Minister chooses about twenty ministers (MPs) from his or her party and forms his or her Cabinet. Each minister is responsible for a particular area of government. The Cabinet meets at № 10 Downing Street, the official residence of the Prime Minister, when he is in London. The powers of the Cabinet are great in every sphere of government. It is the Cabinet and not Parliament that controls and runs the nation's affairs.

More than 1,000 members of the House of Lords are not elected. These members are lords and life peers. They are often aristocrats, people of the church, lawyers and former politicians. The chairman of the House of Lords is the Lord Chancellor and he sits on a special seat called the Woolsack. The head of both Houses of Parliament is the Queen. It is the Queen who formally opens Parliament every autumn, but the throne speech she reads out is written for her by the Prime Minister.

The two main political parties in Great Britain are the Labour Party and the Conservative Party. Among other political parties there is the Liberal Party and the Social-Democratic Party.

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The present Prime Minister of Great Britain is David Cameron (born 9 October, 1966), the leader of the Conservative Party. In the 2010 general election held on 6 May, the Conservatives gained a plurality of seats in a hung parliament. He has taken over from Gordon Brown after his resignation. He was appointed Prime Minister on 11 May, 2010, on the basis of a coalition between the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats.

Словарь

to succeed to the throne – наследовать престол to rule – править

armed forces – вооруженные силы law court – суд

to make a decision – принимать решение chamber - палата парламента

the House of Commons – палата общин (нижняя палата парламента) the House of Lords – палата лордов (верхняя палата парламента)

bill – законопроект

to introduce – выносить на рассмотрение (законопроект) in favour of – за, в пользу

to sign – подписывать

to preside (over) – председательствовать

the Speaker – спикер (старшее должностное лицо в палате общин) acceptable – приемлемый; желанный

to appoint – назначать

the «Shadow cabinet» – «Теневой кабинет» to ran affairs – управлять делами

lawyer – юрист; адвокат

life peer – пожизненный пэр (титулованный дворянин) the Lord Chancellor – лорд-канцлер

the Woolsack – мешок с шерстью (набитая шерстью красная подушка) the Labour party – лейбористская партия

to take over from smb. – сменить кого-нибудь, принять (должность и т.п.) от другого

X. Ответьте на вопросы, пользуясь содержанием текста

1.What is the state system of the United Kingdom?

2.What is the role of the Queen in Britain?

3.Who does the real power in Britain belong to?

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4.What Houses does the British Parliament consist of?

5.What is the difference between the Commons and the Lords?

6.Who presides over the House of Commons?

7.Who is the chairman of the House of Lords?

8.Who usually becomes Prime Minister?

9.Where does the British Prime Minister live and work?

10.What main political parties are there in Britain today?

II. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на причастия

1.Realizing there was no one at home, I left the parcel in the box.

2.While speaking English, pay attention to the order of words.

3.When approved by the critics, the young author's article was accepted by a well-known magazine.

4.She saw an enormous bunch of roses standing in the vase on the coffee table.

5.There was not a single undamaged house in the street.

6.He looked at me and hesitated not knowing what to say.

7.The singing girl attracted everyone's attention.

8.Having moved to Scotland, she started a career of a journalist.

III. Перепишите предложения, используя герундий в нужной временной форме

1. Kate doesn't use her car very often. She likes … . (to drive)

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2.I regret not … at university. (to study)

3.Mary doesn't like the idea of … on holiday alone. (to go)

4.Some children are afraid of … in the dark. (to walk)

5.They walked for a long while without … . (to speak)

6.Your summer cottage needs … . (to paint)

7.He was sure she didn't feel like … home. (to go)

8.The school doesn't allow … . (to smoke)

IV. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на инфинитив

1.She was happy to have written the test very well.

2.Gagarin was the first man to fly in the outer space.

3.I did my best to pass this difficult exam.

4.This is the article to be typed immediately.

5.It is important to work out all the details of the experiment.

6.To tell you the truth, I don't like wrestling.

7.The play to be shown at the theatre tonight is very impressive.

8.What I want is to learn more about different cultures.

V. Перепишите предложения, используя сочетание модального глагола с инфинитивом в страдательном залоге

1.Trees and bushes … around the house. (to be to … plant)

2.Get ready. You … a few questions in English. (may … ask)

3.The design … in a week. (must … change)

4.He … upon. (may … rely)

5.The meeting … . (can't … cancel).

VI. Переведите сложноподчиненные предложения

1.Laurence Olivier, the actor, did weightlifting for an hour before he went on stage because he felt it enabled him to give a better performance.

2.The more he studied the plan the more he disliked it.

3.As soon as you start reading books in the original you'll see how different they are from the translation.

4.I wonder whether we'll be in time for the last bus or whether we'll have to walk home.

5.The most popular sight in the Tower of London is probably the strongly guarded room in which the Crown Jewels arc displayed.

6.Whenever the parents pay too much attention to their son his behaviour becomes awful.

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7.I can't understand why she left without saying a word to me on Saturday evening.

8.He passed the examination although he had been ill for a long time.

VII. Переведите предложения, содержащие сложное дополнение

1.The teacher believes the students to make their reports at the end of May.

2.I think him to be an excellent choice for her.

3.Let me know at once.

4.We know Moscow to have been founded by Y. Dolgoruky.

5.If you are tired, let me carry your bag for you.

6.Have you noticed anybody leave the house from three till a quarter past three о clock?

7.I'd like you to attend your classes regularly.

8.Parents expected Sue to become an experienced psychologist.

VIII. Переведите предложения, содержащие сложное подлежащее

1.Ilya Glazunov is said to have painted many masterpieces of art.

2.Great Britain and France are known to be connected now by the tunnel under the English Channel.

3.Nick is sure to come on time. He is very punctual.

4.English is considered to belong to a branch of Germanic family of languages.

5.I am not likely to forget it.

6.Sue proved to know the subject.

7.She turned out to be his aunt.

IX. Прочитайте и переведите текст

GREAT BRITAIN

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland and a number of small islands especially to the west of Scotland. The country is usually called Great Britain.

Great Britain is separated from the continent by the English Channel, the Strait of Dover (only 22 miles wide in its narrowest part) and the North Sea. And on the west coast it is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and by the Irish Sea.

The surface of England and Northern Ireland is rather flat while Scotland and most of Wales are hilly and mountainous. The highest moun-

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tains in the United Kingdom are Ben Nevis in Scotland (4,400 feet) and Snowdon in North Wales (3,560 feet).

In the west we can see the Cambrian Mountains occupying the greater part of Wales; in the north – the Cheviot Hills separating England from Scotland; the Pennines – to the south of the Cheviot Hills and the Cumbrian Mountains famous for the number and beauty of their lakes. There are sixteen lakes here, the largest being Windermere. This part of the country in the north-west of England is called the Lake District.

The rivers are not very long but they are deep. The main rivers are the Thames, the Trent, the Severn, the Mersey, the Clyde and others. The Severn is the longest river in Britain (220 miles) but the Thames (215 miles) is the most important one. The Thames flows through London, and makes it a large sea port, though London is 84 kms away from the sea.

Britain has a temperate climate. The Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the weather on the British Isles. The climate is much milder than that of a continental country: it is warmer in winter and cooler in summer. The average London temperature is 4 °C in January and 18 °C in July.

Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. It is rich in mineral resources, the most important of them being coal and iron.

Britain is famous for its steel manufacture, tool industry, heavy and light engineering. One of the leading industries is the textile industry. Shipbuilding and motor industry are highly developed too.

There are many big industrial cities in Britain, such as Birmingham and Sheffield (iron and steel works), Manchester and Liverpool (textile industry), Glasgow (shipbuilding centre) and others. The Glasgow shipyard built many famous vessels such as the Queen Mary 2 and the Queen Elizabeth II. Sheffield, for example, still produces more steel than any other city on the planet. It is one of the pillars of the British economy.

The total population of Great Britain today is about 59 million people. The official language of the country is English. There are many other languages spoken in Britain as it has become now a multinational state.

London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic, cultural and educational centre. The capital city of Wales is Cardiff. Edinburgh is the capital city of Scotland and the capital city of Northern Ireland is Belfast.

Словарь

to be made up of = to consist of

the English Channel – пролив Ла-Манш

the Strait of Dover-Па-де-Кале – Дуврский пролив

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