Guide on Academic and Scientific Talks. Учебное пособие

2.5.4.1

71

72

Antennas, Microwave Devices and Technologies

2.6.2.1

2.6.4.1

73

74

Tapescripts

cobots will lead the robotics industry. That's partially with driving startups like China based elephant robotics to get in the game. We asked their founder Julie song how his cobot is different from traditional robot arms. “It moves not that quick. And it is very light. So, it can work with people. This is the most important thing.” In addition to being safer the collaboration proves to be more productive. a study conducted by MIT researchers found that human machine groups were more efficient than teams wholly comprised of one or the other. They also reduced human idle time by 85%.

While travelling through Japan we visited Huis Ten Bosch, a holland themed amusement park. There we checked out its latest attraction a robot restaurant. “How many okonomiyaki pancakes can the robot make in an hour?” “The current robot can make about five or six per hour. It’s not fast at all. But it does the work neatly.” My colleague Matt McDonald's after getting a robot mixed cocktailtried the robot chef's signature dish. “As Japan ages and the population of the youth declines further, we’re experimenting with how we could operate this restaurant efficiently with fewer people.”

Ogawa tells us that most of the customers who come to him looking for new automation solutions come from China. “China market is huge and the growth rate is high.” How high? Last year Chinese demand for robots grew more than 20 percent. one reason for that is China's working population is aging. By 2060 the average Chinese citizen is projected to be 50 years old.

to see the impact of industrial robots on manufacturing in China we traveled to an area that's considered the electronics capital of the world the Pearl River Delta region. Headquartered there is Raku China's largest keyboard and mice manufacturer. we asked the CEO why the company is making the move towards robotics. “Because in China there’s been a very big salary increase beginning from 2008. So, we feel a little pressure from the labor side. So, we decided to change a lot our manufacturing system to robots.” Wages for the average urban employee in China have more than doubled since 2008. Raku he says in the past few years used robotics to reduce its factory workforce from 2,500 people to now a thousand and more automation is on the way. “So, you're bringing more robots in.” “Yeah, and even in the logistics we use robots.” “You seem very happy about this.” “Yes, because it will make my company more competitive in the field.” “And you’re not worried when you lay off those 700 workers?” “No, they can easily to get jobs, no problem.” China's unemployment rate is 4.6 percent pretty low and the Chinese government says

76

What is Mechatronics: The Very Basics In 7 Minutes

it's even lower in urban areas. “Most of them are getting jobs, they gotta go back to the farm.” “They cannot go back, for them there’s no meaning to go back. They will easily find another job because China is growing very fast.”

“We talked to CEO in China, you think they're being forthright, do you think they're being accurate?” “Rather I think thy are. I think that there are going to be lots and lots of jobs that are automated, millions, hundreds of millions of jobs that won't be needed because robots will do them, but there's no shortage of work that only humans can do.” Indeed, in China the category of jobs that are growing fastest are in the service sector. “Is there any resistance from workers to putting these new robots?” “No, because they have no choice.”

“Your plan that you ever see it's already been automated 80 percent you said. Do you see going the rest of that 20 percent?” Li Jiandu, a worker at the Raku factory, has watched as robots have replaced his colleagues. “It is possible.” “How far off do you think we are from from full automation?” “I think it can be achieved in three to five years.” “Nobody left working in your department.” “It is up to the management of the company. They will decide that.”

Chinese delivery company JD is showing how automation is advancing in other industries like logistics. There are still some employees here but not at a JD sorting center near Shanghai, it’s taking nearly all humans out of this process and this is the same company that last year began making drone deliveries. “This is a moment of choice and opportunity. It could be the best ten years ahead of us that we've ever had in human history or one of the worst because we have more power than we've ever had before. The tools by themselves are not going to lift up the billions of people who are being left behind. Those are conscious choices we have to make as a society and as individuals.”

In just six years worldwide sales of industrial robots have risen more than 140 percent. What do you think about robots taking on more work? We look forward to reading your comments. Thanks for watching.

What is Mechatronics: The Very Basics In 7 Minutes

Mechatronics is a natural stage in the evolutionary process of modern engineering design. The development of the computer and then the microcomputer embedded computers, software advances, made mechatronics an imperative in the latter part of the 20th century.

77

Tapescripts

In this short video we will be discussing basic definitions, key elements of mechatronics industrial scope and what's next the definition of mechatronics has evolved since the original definition by the Sakawa Electric Company.

The word mechatronics is composed of “mecca” from “mechanism” unlit “ronix” from electronics. In other words, technology is developed products will be incorporating electronics more and more into mechanisms intimately and organically and making it impossible to tell where one ends and the other begins. Another definition was presented by Hashima Dhamma Sukha and Fuu Cada in 1996. According to them, mechatronics is the synergistic integration of mechanical engineering with electronics and intelligent computer control in the design and manufacturing of industrial products and processes. Shetty and Coke in 1997 define mechatronics as methodology used for the optimal design of electromechanical products, And Auslander and Kim suggested mechatronics as application of complex decision-making to the operation of physical systems. W Bolton define the mechatronics not just a marriage of electrical and mechanical systems and is more than just a control system. It is a complete integration of all of them.

Now let's talk about the key elements of mechatronics. The study of mechatronic systems can be divided into the following areas of specialty, physical systems, modelling sensors and actuators signals and systems computers and logic systems, software end date – acquisition as the field of mechatronics continues to mature the list of relevant topics associated with the area will most certainly expand and evolve. Mechatronics engineers can work with electronics and mechanical systems together and solve problems that cross discipline boundaries. The list also includes electromechanical components. Computer science, mechanical components, electronics software, software for mechanical components. Mechatronic engineering is the engineering discipline concerned with the research, design, implementation and maintenance of intelligent engineered products, industrial scope of mechatronics, some of the expert areas, which mechatronics engineers can utilize. Artificial intelligence control system, data communications and networks, dynamics of machines and mechanisms, human machine interface engineering and ergonomics, industrial automation process, management optimization and control process, plant and manufacturing systems robotics, smart infrastructure. In the late 1970s, the Japan Society for the promotion of machine industry classified mechatronics products into four categories: the enabling technologies for each mechatronic product

78

What is Mechatronics: The Very Basics In 7 Minutes

class illustrates the progression of electromechanical products in stride with developments in control theory computation technologies and microprocessors. Class one products were enabled by servo technology power electronics, control theory primarily mechanical products with electronics incorporated to enhance functionality examples include numerically controlled machine tools, and variable speed drives in manufacturing machines. Class two products were enabled by the availability of early computational and memory devices and custom circuit design capabilities traditional mechanical systems with significantly updated internal devices, incorporating electronics. The external user interfaces are unaltered examples include the modern sewing machine and automated manufacturing systems. Class three products relied heavily on the microprocessor and integrated circuits to replace mechanical systems. Systems that retain the functionality of the traditional mechanical system but the internal mechanisms are replaced by electronics. The example is the digital watch. Finally, class for products marked the beginning of true mechatronic systems through integration of mechanical systems and electronics. Products designed with mechanical and electronic technologies through synergistic integration. Examples include photocopiers, intelligent washers and dryers, rice cookers and automatic ovens.

Mechatronics has evolved over the past forty five years and has led to a special breed of intelligent products. For some engineers mechatronics is nothing new and for others it is a philosophical approach to design that serves as a guide for their activities. Certainly, mechatronics is an evolutionary process not a revolutionary one sensing and sensor fusion will be the next capability to be acquired by mechatronic systems. Already many mechatronic units possess rudimentary sensing abilities. For instance, modern air-conditioning units are able to sense air temperature and humidity through separate sensors and fuse the signals through fuzzy logic reasoning. Sensors produce copious amounts of data that need to be digested to discover patterns of interest before control can be effected through the actuators. Intelligence means adapting to the environment and improving performance over time, within the domain of mechatronics engineering. There has been considerable interest in learning through the use of artificial neural network and fuzzy logic, for applications in control and robotics, autonomous guided vehicles etc. that require mainly reflective intelligence when performed by human operators and tasks, such as machine diagnostics requiring combinations of reflexive, intelligence and low-level reflective intelligence. This

79

Tapescripts

interest will continue well into the future. Autonomous refers to the development of the ability to survive and perform robustly while the external environment changes.

With progress in sensor unlearning technologies tomorrow's mechatronic devices can be expected to become progressively more autonomous. They will be able to reset their local goals autonomously under changing external environments, so as to meet the broad system level goals set by human beings, miniaturization refers to the trend towards mechatronic units of significantly smaller size. Progress in precision engineering newer materials: compositesб diamondб coatings etc. and nanotechnologies will contribute to this development.

Thank you for watching! Please share, like and subscribe to our YouTube channel to know more about versatile engineering concepts.

The Raptor Surveillance System

A radar system has proved its advantages in vast region surveillance. The Raptor surveillance system demonstrated its capabilities when it was set up at a remote building near the edge of Rogers Dry Lake at the US Air Force Base Edwards in Southern California. The ground-based radar system has the capability to monitor the lake but at great distances with electro optical and infrared sensors. The ex-Raptors systems are aptly name after birds of prey with exceptionally long-range eyesight.

The IEC Raptor system is a long-range surveillance camera system coupled with a ground radar system. The IC camera is the werewolf camera system that utilizes an 825-millimeter thermal camera and then a 2,000millimeter visual camera so that we can get imagery in all weather conditions and day and night.

According to the company's website these surveillance platforms are typically configured with long range geo slashed optics and other co-located sensors such as ground radars and other optic systems. They enabled detection and assessment at ranges from five kilometers to 18 kilometers plus. Raptor cameras can be configured to accommodate just about any ground radar systems as well as with other complex sensors. “It can allow us to immediately detect and assess any target that enters the designated area” said Staff Sgt. Alexander

80