Effective Presentations = Эффективные презентации. Практикум

people in the future could load their minds into a sturdy robot and live for thousands of years!

In any case, robots will certainly play a larger role in our daily lives in the future. In the coming decades, robots will gradually move out of the industrial and scientific worlds and into daily life, in the same way that computers spread to the home in the 1980s.

The best way to understand robots is to look at specific designs. The links on the next page will show you a variety of robot projects around the world.

Task 15. Study the graph24, read the following articles and make a presentation.

Dolphins25

Dolphins are a widely distributed and diverse group of fully aquatic marine mammals. They are an informal grouping within the order Cetacea, excluding whales and porpoises, so to zoologists the

24Number of Common Dolphins seen in Santa Barbara // Kids Do Ecology [Электронный ресурс]. — URL: http://kids.nceas.ucsb.edu/DataandScience/ LineGraphsnew.pdf

25Dolphins // Wikipedia [Электронный ресурс]. — URL: https://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Dolphin

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grouping is paraphyletic. The dolphins comprise the extant families Delphinidae (the oceanic dolphins), Platanistidae (the Indian river dolphins), Iniidae (the new world river dolphins), and Pontoporiidae (the brackish dolphins). There are 40 extant species of dolphins. Dolphins,alongsideothercetaceans,belongtothecladeCetartiodactyla with even-toed ungulates, and their closest living relatives are the hippopotamuses, having diverged about 40 million years ago.

Dolphins range in size from the 1.7 metres long and 50 kilograms Maui’s dolphin to the 9.5 metres and 10 metric tons (11 short tons) killer whale. Several species exhibit sexual dimorphism, in that the males are larger than females. They have streamlined bodies and two limbs that are modified into flippers. Though not quite as flexible as seals, some dolphins can travel at 55.5 kilometres per hour. Dolphins use their conical shaped teeth to capture fast moving prey. They have well-developed hearing − their hearing, which is adapted for both air and water, is so well developed that some can survive even if they are blind. Some species are well adapted for diving to great depths. They have a layer of fat, or blubber, under the skin to keep warm in the cold water.

Although dolphins are widespread, most species prefer the warmer waters of the tropic zones, but some, like the right whale dolphin, prefer colder climates. Dolphins feed largely on fish and squid, but a few, like the killer whale, feed on large mammals, like seals. Male dolphins typically mate with multiple females every year, but females only mate every two to three years. Calves are typically born in the spring and summer months and females bear all the responsibility for raising them. Mothers of some species fast and nurse their young for a relatively long period of time. Dolphins produce a variety of vocalizations, usually in the form of clicks and whistles.

Dolphins are sometimes hunted in places like Japan, in an activity known as dolphin drive hunting. Besides drive hunting, they also face threats from bycatch, habitat loss, and marine pollution. Dolphins have been depicted in various cultures worldwide. Dolphins occasionally feature in literature and film, as in the Warner Bros film Free Willy. Dolphins are sometimes kept in captivity and trained to perform tricks, but breeding success has been poor and the animals often die within a few months of capture. The most common dolphins kept are the killer whales and bottlenose dolphins.

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PowerAnimal for May: Dolphin26 by ‘Backyard Shaman’Amy Katz M.A.

Living in Santa Barbara, I’m sure you have had the privilege of seeing dolphins leaping & playing or racing through the tides.What an incredible gift! Dolphins make our own hearts jump for joy and bring thechildwithinusbacktothesurfacetoplay.Dolphinsareremarkable for their ability to ‘go with the flow’of life, free from worry. Perhaps that is why they are considered to be among the smartest animals on Earth!

Various species are found in all the oceans of the world, and even in rivers. They have extraordinary powers of evolution, as their eating habits, love lives and family groups adapt to any environments they enter. Dolphins have unique skin that they shed every two hours; this is nine times the amount of humans: thus they are a powerful symbol of the freedom to renew and redefine one’s self over and over.

Dolphins racing through deep oceanic waters are the consummate symbol of Soul Travel. They twist and turn exuberantly in calm seas and stormy surf alike, which mirrors our own ability to thrive in the vast, emotional depths: Dolphins model for us the ability to navigate fearlessly through all types of currents. When we behold them, we are released from limiting beliefs.This ″unstuckness″ allows us to explore and open to all possibilities, and to accept and enjoy our deeper spiritual natures.

Spring is the time when we return to the shores for picnics, communion with water and exploration of nature. Put our feet back in the waves. This May, as the salty loam rushes between your toes, look forthedolphins,withinandwithout.Imagineyourselfbeingadolphin, leaping carefree, releasing inhibitions, and playing with others.

Place symbols of dolphins around your garden and imagine them leaping out of confinement into an ocean of fun. Let Dolphin guide your inner child and your spiritual wise wo/man to a new level of freedom never felt before and learn to swim with renewed hope and joy.

26 Amy Katz M. A. Power Animal for May: Dolphin // Paradise found [Электронный ресурс]. — URL: http://paradisefoundsantabarbara.com/articles/power- animal-for-may-dolphin-by-backyard-shaman-amy-katz-m-a/

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10 Fascinating Dolphin Facts27

Posted by Natacha Gajdoczk

Did you grow up loving Flipper? Dolphins are truly lovable, but they are far more than just fun creatures of the sea.

Here are 10 fascinating dolphin facts that will make you love them even more.

1.Nearly 40 species of dolphins swim the waters of the world. Most live in shallow areas of tropical and temperate oceans, and five species live in rivers.

2.Dolphins are carnivores. Fish, squid and crustaceans are includedintheirlistofprey.A260-pounddolphineatsabout33pounds of fish a day.

3.Knownfortheirplayfulbehavior,dolphinsarehighlyintelligent. They are as smart as apes, and the evolution of their larger brains is surprisingly similar to humans.

4.Dolphins are part of the family of whales that includes orcas and pilot whales. Killer whales are actually dolphins.

5.Dolphins are very social, living in groups that hunt and even play together. Large pods of dolphins can have 1,000 members or more.

6.Depending on the species, gestation takes nine to 17 months. After birth, dolphins are surprisingly maternal. They have been observed nestling and cuddling their young.

7.A dolphin calf nurses for up to two years. Calves stay with the mothers anywhere from three to eight years.

8.Dolphins have acute eyesight both in and out of the water.They hear frequencies 10 times the upper limit of adult humans. Their sense of touch is well-developed, but they have no sense of smell.

9.Dolphins have few natural enemies. Humans are their main threat. Pollution, fishing and hunting mean some dolphin species have an uncertain future. In 2006, the Yangtze River dolphin was named functionally extinct.

10.Because dolphins are mammals, they need to come to the surface of the water to breathe. Unlike land mammals that breathe and eat through their mouths, dolphins have separate holes for each task.

27 Dolphins // Wikipedia [Электронный ресурс]. — URL: https://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Dolphin

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Dolphinseatthroughtheirmouthsandbreathethroughtheirblowholes. This prevents the dolphin from sucking up water into the lungs when hunting, reducing the risk of drowning.

Task 16. Read the following articles aboutToyota MotorCorp and make a presentation.

Profile: Toyota Motor Corp (TM)28

TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION is a Japan-based company mainly engaged in the automobile business and financial business.The Company operates through three business segments. The Automobile segmentisengagedinthedesign,manufactureandsaleofcarproducts including passenger cars, minivans and trucks, as well as the related partsandaccessories.TheFinancesegmentisinvolvedintheprovision of financial services related to the sale of the Company’s products, as well as the leasing of vehicles and equipment. The Others segment is involved in the design, manufacture and sale of housings, as well as information and communication business.

Automotive Operations. Toyota produces and sells passenger cars, minivans and commercial vehicles, such as trucks. Toyota’s subsidiary, Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd. (Daihatsu), produces and sells mini-vehicles and compact cars. Hino Motors, Ltd. (Hino), also a subsidiary of Toyota, produces and sells commercial vehicles, such as trucks and buses. Toyota also manufactures automotive parts, components and accessories for its own use and for sale to others. Toyota’s vehicles can be classified into two categories: conventional engine vehicles and hybrid vehicles.Toyota’s product line-up includes subcompact and compact cars, mini-vehicles, mid-size, luxury, sports and specialty cars, recreational and sport-utility vehicles, pickup trucks, minivans, trucks and buses. The Company’s subcompact and compactcarsincludethefour-doorCorollasedan.TheYaris,marketed as the Vitz in Japan, is a subcompact car. Toyota introduced the micro premium car iQ in October 2008.

28 Toyota Motor Corp (TM) // Reuters [Электронный ресурс]. — URL: http:// www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=TM

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Mini-vehicles are manufactured and sold by Daihatsu. Daihatsu manufactures mini-vehicles, passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles and auto parts. Mini-vehicles are passenger cars, vans or trucks with engine displacements of 660 cubic centimeters or less. Daihatsu sold approximately 601 thousand mini-vehicles and 182 thousand automobiles on a consolidated basis during fiscal 2009. Toyota’s midsize models include the Camry. Camry models include the Camry Solara sport coupe.

In North America, Europe and Japan, Toyota’s luxury line-up consists primarily of vehicles sold under the Lexus brand name. Lexus models also include luxury sport-utility vehicles sold in the United States, such as the GX, the RX, the LX, as well as the SC and the IS F. As of May 31, 2009, the Lexus brand line-up in Japan includes the LS, GS, IS, RX, SC and IS F. Toyota brand’s full-size luxury car, the Crown, was remodeled in February 2008, and the Crown Majesta was remodeled in March 2009. Toyota also sells the Century limousine in Japan.InJapanandothermarkets,ToyotasellstheLexusSCtwo-door sports coupe, and in the United States the Scion tC, a sport car model targeted to young drivers.

Toyota sells a variety of sport-utility vehicles and pickup trucks. Toyota sport-utility vehicles available in North America include the Sequoia, the 4Runner, the RAV4, the Highlander, the FJ Cruiser and the Land Cruiser, and pickup trucks available are the Tacoma and Tundra. The Tacoma, the Tundra and the Sequoia are manufactured in the United States. Toyota’s product line-up includes trucks (including vans) up to a gross vehicle weight of five tons and micro-buses, which are sold in Japan and in overseas markets. Trucks and buses are also manufacturedandsoldbyHino,asubsidiaryofToyota.Hino’sproduct line-up includes large trucks with a gross vehicle weight of over 11 tons, medium trucks with a gross vehicle weight of between five and 11 tons, and small trucks with a gross vehicle weight of up to five tons.

Financial Services. Toyota Financial Services Corporation is Toyota’s wholly owned subsidiary, which oversees the managementof Toyota’s finance companies worldwide and the expansion into new automobile related product areas. Toyota Motor Credit Corporation is Toyota’s principal financial services subsidiary in the United States. Toyota also provides financial services in 32 other countries and

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regions through various financial services subsidiaries, including Toyota Finance Corporation in Japan, Toyota Credit Canada Inc. in Canada,ToyotaFinanceAustraliaLtd.inAustralia,ToyotaKreditbank GmbH in Germany and Toyota Financial Services (UK) PLC in the United Kingdom.

Toyota Motor Credit Corporation provides a range of financial services, including retail financing, retail leasing, wholesale financing and insurance. Toyota Finance Corporation also provides a range of financialservices,includingretailfinancing,retailleasing,creditcards and housing loans. Toyota’s other finance subsidiaries provide retail financing, retail leasing and wholesale financing. In October 2008, Toyota established Toyota Financial Services Vietnam in Vietnam.As of March 31, 2009, approximately 63.6 % of Toyota’s finance receivables were derived from financing operations in NorthAmerica, 14.1 % from Japan, 11.0 % from Europe, 3.8 % from Asia and 7.5 % from other areas. Approximately 45 % of Toyota’s unit sales in the United States included a financing or lease arrangement with Toyota during fiscal 2009.

Toyota provides insurance services in the United States through Toyota Motor Credit Corporation’s wholly owned subsidiary, Toyota Motor Insurance Services, Inc (TMIS) and its wholly owned insurance company subsidiaries. Their principal activities include marketing, underwriting and claims administration. TMIS also provides coverage related to vehicle service agreements and contractual liability agreements through Toyota dealers to customers. In addition, TMIS also provides coverage and related administrative services to affiliates of Toyota Motor Credit Corporation. Toyota dealerships in Japan and in other countries and regions also engage in vehicle insurance sales. As of March 31, 2009,Toyota Finance Corporation has approximately seven million card holders, of which approximately 43,000 are Lexus credit card holders.

All Other Operations. Toyota is involved in a number of other non-automotive business activities. Toyota is also engaged in the manufacture and sale of prefabricated housing. Toyota also operates a Japanese-language Website, GAZOO.com. Gazoo was established as a membership Internet service linking Toyota, its national dealer network and Gazoo members, and has provided information on new and used Toyota automobiles and related services, as well as online

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shopping capabilities. Toyota also offers the theft detection service, the vehicle tracking service, the operator support service and so on as standard to enhance services, which is focused to provide safety and security for G-BOOK and G-Link users.

The Company competes with General Motors, Ford, Chrysler, Honda, Nissan, Volkswagen, Opel, Renault and Peugeot.

Corporate Philosophy29

Toyota Precepts (Corporate Creed)

•Always be faithful to your duties, thereby contributing to the Company and to the overall good.

•Always be studious and creative, striving to stay ahead of the

times.

•Always be practical and avoid frivolousness.

•Always strive to build a homelike atmosphere at work that is warm and friendly.

•Always have respect for God and remember to be grateful at all times.

Basic Philosophy (Toyota Industries’Corporate Philosophy)

Respect for the Law. Toyota Industries is determined to comply with the letter and spirit of the law, in and outside of Japan, and to be fair and transparent in all its dealings.

Respect for Others. Toyota Industries is respectful of the people, culture, and tradition of each region and country in which it operates. It also works to promote economic growth and prosperity in those countries.

Respect for the Natural Environment. Through its corporate activities, Toyota Industries works to contribute to regional living conditions and social prosperity and also strives to offer products and services that are clean, safe, and of high quality.

Respect for Customers. Toyota Industries conducts intensive product research and forward-looking development activities to create new value for its customers.

29 Corporate Philosophy. Toyota Precepts (Corporate Creed) // Toyota Industries Corporation [Электронный ресурс]. — URL: https://www.toyota-industries.com/ company/philosophy/index.html

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Respect for Employees. Toyota Industries nurtures the inventiveness and other abilities of its employees. It seeks to create a climate of cooperation, so that employees and the Company can realize their full potential.

Five Values (We have Five Values that form an action guide for our employees to enforce our basic philosophy)

The ″Five Values″ were assembled as an ″action guide″ for the employees ofToyota Industries. Each and every one of our employees is to think for themselves and determine, ″What concrete action should we be taking and how should we change″? They will then share these thoughts with each other, and by also sharing a similar set of values they will aim to promote the future development of Toyota Industries.

Toyota Industries Group CSR Policy. We, Toyota Industries Corporation and our subsidiaries, contribute to the harmonious and sustainable development of society and the Earth through all business activities that we carry out in each country and region based on our Basic Philosophy.

We comply with local, national, and international laws and regulations as well as the spirit thereof, and we conduct our business operations with honesty and integrity.

In order to contribute to sustainable development, we believe that management interacting with its stakeholders is of considerable importance, and we will endeavor to build and maintain sound relationships with our stakeholders through open and fair commu­ nication.

We expect our business partners to support this initiative and act in accordance with it.

Customers

Based on our philosophy of ″Customer First″, we develop and provide innovative, safe, and high-quality products and services that meet a wide variety of customers’ demands to enrich the lives of people around the world.

Wewillendeavortoprotectthepersonalinformationofcustomers and everyone else with whom we are engaged in business, in accordance with the letter and spirit of each country’s privacy laws.

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Employees

We respect our employees and encourage personal growth for our employees under our belief that the success of our business is led by nurturing each individual’s character and abilities, and realization of the Group’s full potential.

We support equal employment opportunities and diversity for our employees and strive to enhance our team strength. We do not discriminate against employees.

We strive to provide fair working conditions and to maintain a safe and healthy working environment for all our employees.

We respect and honor the human rights of people involved in our business and, in particular, do not use or tolerate any form of forced or child labor.

Through communication and dialogue with our employees, we build and share the value of ″Mutual Trust and Self-responsibility″ and work together for the success of our employees and the company.

Management of each company takes leadership in fostering a corporate culture and implementing policies that promote ethical behavior.

Business Partners

We respect our suppliers, dealers, and other business partners, and work with them through long-term relationships to realize mutual growth based on mutual trust.

Whenever we seek a new business partner, we are open to any and all candidates, regardless of nationality or size, and evaluate them based on their overall strengths.

We maintain fair and free competition in accordance with the letter and spirit of each country’s competition laws.

Shareholders

We strive to enhance corporate value while achieving stable and long-term growth for the benefit of our shareholders.

We provide our shareholders and investors with timely and fair disclosure on our operating results and financial condition.

Global Society/Local Communities [Environment]

We aim for growth that is in harmony with the environment by seeking to minimize the environmental impact of our business

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