Лексикология английского языка. Учебно-методическое пособие
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5.Verbal illustrations to the meanings of words are made up mostly by the compilers of the dictionary.
6.OED is referred to as an encyclopedia of the English language because it contains definitions of linguistic terms, some biographies (e.g. of G. Chaucer, W. Shakespeare and others).
7.OED has a lot of encyclopedic supplements: tables of forms of irregular verbs, lists of personal and geographical names, tables of measures.
8.OED is intended for linguists, scholars, people who are interested in the history of the English language.
3.Find the description for each label:
1. apprec |
a) it shows that a word belongs to the local speech of a |
2. euph |
particular area |
3. derog |
b) it shows that a word is no longer common |
4. pomp |
c) it shows that the speaker dislikes or disapproves of |
5. old-fash |
something |
6. CarE |
d) it shows that it is a polite or indirect word for some- |
7. dial |
thing unpleasant or embarrassing |
8. adv |
e) it shows a part of speech |
9. myth |
f) it shows that a word is limited to one particular part |
|
of the world |
g)it shows that the speaker likes or approves of something
h)it shows the etymology of a word
i)it shows a foolishly self-important attitude
4.Match the label and its type:
1. |
NZE |
a) grammatical |
2. |
Bibl |
b) regional |
3. sl |
c) subject (terminological) |
|
|
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4. anat |
d) stylistic |
5. conj |
e) attitudinal |
6. iron |
f) etymological |
7.mus
8.adj phr
LEXICAL PECULIARITIES OF AMERICAN ENGLISH
Points for Discussion:
1.Historical Americanisms.
2.Americanisms proper.
3.Americanisms vs. Briticisms.
4.Borrowings.
5.Peculiarities of word-formation in American English:
a)affixation;
b)shortening;
c)postpositivation.
6.American idioms.
7.Other peculiarities.
Literature:
1.Кульгавова Л.В. Учебно-практические материалы по дисциплине «Лек-
сикология английского языка. – Иркутск: ИГЛУ, 2005. – 587 с.
2.Antrushina G.B., Afanasyeva O.V., Morozova N.N. English Lexicology. –
М.: Дрофа, 2000. – P. 259-266.
3.Arnold I.V. The English Word. – M.: Высш. шк., 1986. – P. 265-270
4.Ginzburg R.S., Khidekel S.S., Knyazeva G.Y., Sankin A.A. A Course in Modem English Lexicology. M.: Higher School Publishing House, 1966. – P. 14-17.
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Practical Assignment
1. Fill in the gap with a suitable equivalent from British English or American English.
British English |
American English |
shop |
…… |
…… |
truck |
cinema |
…… |
…… |
cookie |
underground |
…… |
……. |
schedule |
car |
…… |
…… |
first floor |
chemist’s |
…… |
…… |
sidewalk |
tap |
…… |
……. |
garbage |
luggage |
…… |
…… |
elementary school |
queue |
…… |
……. |
car (of train) |
marrow |
……. |
……. |
flashlight |
stone (of fruit) |
…… |
2. Here are the original meanings of a few words for clothing and their current meanings in British English and American English. Match the meaning and the language in which it is use: a) British; b) American.
VEST (original meaning: “clothing”)
1. “a waistcoat”
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2. “an undershirt”
JUMPER (original meaning: “a loose jacket”)
1.“a light pullover”
2.“a pinafore”
PANTS (original meaning: “men’s breeches extending from waist to ankle”)
1.“trousers”
2.“underpants”
SUSPENDERS (original meaning: “straps to support trousers”)
1.unchanged
2.“garters”
TEST YOURSELF
Choose the correct answer
1.The smallest meaningful language unit capable of functioning alone and characterized by structural indivisibility, semantic integrity and positional mobility within a sentence
a) phoneme |
b) morpheme |
c) word |
|
2. |
The approach which studies the vocabulary at a certain period of time |
||
a) diachronic |
b) synchronic |
c) historical |
|
3. |
The words with the same origin but the different source of borrowing |
||
a) barbarisms |
b) etymological doublets c) etymological hybrids |
||
4.The type of analysis which studies the structural patterns and rules on which words are built
a)derivational analysis b) morphemic analysis c) discourse analysis
5.The method of word-formation without using specific word-building af-
fixes; a kind of transposition by which the shift of a word from one part of
speech to another takes place
a) composition |
b) conversion |
c) blending |
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6. The conceptual content of the word fulfilling its significative function a) connotative meaning b) denotative meaning c) figurative meaning
7. The transition of proper names into common names based on similarity a) synecdoche b) metonymic antonomasia c) metaphoric antonomasia
8.The transference of name based on contiguity; the semantic process of associating of two referents, one of which makes part of the other or is connected with it in some other way
a) metonymy b) metaphor c) polysemy
9.The words which are identical in form but different in meaning, distribution, valency, paradigm and very often in origin
a) antonyms b) synonyms c) homonyms
10.A stable group of words with a completely or partially transferred meaning a) word-combination b) phraseological unit c) sentence
11.The theory and practice of compiling dictionaries
a) lexicography b) lexicology c) semasiology
12.A type of dictionary, an alphabetical index of the principal words in a book
or in the works of an author with their contexts
a) thesaurus b) encyclopaedia c) concordance
13.The word viewed as an abstract entity, invariant, the unit of language
a) lexeme b) allolex c) allophpone
14.The type of lexicology which studies the origin of words, their change and
development |
|
|
a) descriptive |
b) synchronic |
c) historical |
15.The attempt to find a motivation to foreign words results in appearing
a) folk etymology b) barbarisms c) etymological doublets
16.The analysis limited to stating the number and the type of morphemes that make up a word
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a)derivational analysis b) morphemic analysis c) Immediate Constituents analysis
17.The method of word-formation which results in the process of subtracting
phonemes or morphemes of words and word-groups without changing their lexico-grammatical meaning
a) blending b) conversion c) shortening
18.The brunch of linguistics which is concerned with the study of meaning a) onomasiology b) semasiology c) etymology
19.The component of the meaning which conveys the speaker’s attitude, emo-
tions to the situation or the object spoken of
a) connotative meaning b) denotative meaning c) figurative meaning 20.The transference of name based on the association of similarity of two ob-
jects, a hidden comparison
a) euphemism b) metonymy c) metaphor
21.The phenomenon which is based on the contiguity of the part standing for the whole
a) synecdoche b) metaphor c) antonomasia
22.The ability of words to have more than one meaning a) homonymy b) polysemy c) antonymy
23.A book that gives a list of words in alphabetical order, with their meanings in the same or other language
a) vocabulary b) dictionary c) entry
24.A book of words that are put in groups together according to connections between their meaning and common topic (rather than in alphabetical order); a comprehensive dictionary containing all the words of a language
a) thesaurus b) encyclopaedia c) concordance
Thank you for your attention!
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EXAMINATIONQUESTIONS
1.Lexicology as a science. Its branches. Connection of Lexicology with other branches of linguistics.
2.Etymological characteristics of the English vocabulary. The main sources of borrowings.
3.Types of assimilation of borrowings.
4.Etymological doublets. Lexical suppletivity. Hybrids and folk etymology.
5.Semantic, pragmatic and syntactic treatment of the sign.
6.Asymetrical duality of the linguistic sign as the linguistic cause and condition for its dynamics.
7.Linguistic sign arbitrariness vs. motivation, iconicity. Types of motivation.
8.Language and its nominative function. Semantic triangle. Act of nomination, its structure.
9.Morphological structure of English words. Types of morphemes.
10.Morphemic analysis vs. word-formation analysis. Difficulties of morphemic analysis.
11.Word-formation in English. General description of its types. 12.Word-composition. Diagnostic criteria for compound words. 13.Word-composition. Classifications of compounds.
14.Shortening. Its types.
15.Conversion. Productive conversion models.
16.Word-meaning. The problem of its definition. Different approaches to it. 17.Word-meaning. Its types.
18.Componential analysis as a linguistic method for investigating the lexical meaning of the word.
19.Causes of semantic change.
20.Nature of semantic change. Types of associative relations.
21.Results of semantic change.
22.Polysemy. The cause of its development. Types of lexical meaning. 23.Homonymy and its sources. Classification of homonyms.
24.Semantic fields, thematic and ideographic groups. Lexical-semantic grouping of words.
25.Synonymy. Sources of synonyms. Classification of synonyms. Synonymic sets. Status and features of the synonymic dominant.
26.Antonymy. Classifications of antonyms. Stylistic value of antonyms 27.Paradigmatic relations vs. syntagmatic links (general discription). 28.Phraseological units. Their essential features. Classifications. 29.Classification of dictionaries.
30.Lexical peculiarities of American English.
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Bibliography
1.Амосова Н.Н. Основы английской фразеологии / Н.Н. Амосова. – Л.,
1996.
2.Антрушина Г.Б. Лексикология английского языка / Г.Б. Антрушина,
О.В. Афанасьева, Н.Н. Морозова. – М.: Дрофа, 1999. – 288 с.
3.Кульгавова Л.В. Учебно-практические материалы по дисциплине «Лек-
сикология английского языка / Кульгавова Л.В. – Иркутск: ИГЛУ, 2005.
– 587 с.
4.Кунин А.В. Курс фразеологии современного английского языка / А.В.
Кунин. – М.: Высш. шк.; Дубна: Изд. центр «Феникс», 1996 – 381 с.
5.Лингвистический энциклопедический словарь / гл.ред. В.Н. Ярцева. –
М.: Сов. энциклопедия, 1990. – 685 с.
6.Современный английский язык (слово и предложение) / отв. ред. Л.М.
Ковалева. – Иркутск, 1997. – 409 с.
7.Уфимцева А.А. Лексическое значение. - М., 1996.
8.Arnold I.V. The English Word / I.V. Arnold. – M.: Высш. шк., 1986 – 295 p.
9.Ginzburg R.S. A Course in Modem English Lexicology / R.S. Ginzburg, S.S. Khidekel, G.Y. Knyazeva, A.A. Sankin. – M.: Higher School Publishing House, 1966. – 275 p.
10.The Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology /Ed. by R.K. Barnhart. – Harper Collins Publishers, 1995. – 916 p.
11.Crystal D. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language / D. Crystal. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. – 489 p.
12.The Issues in English Philology (Study Manual). – Irkutsk, 1998. – 140 p. 13.The Oxford Dictionary of New Words /Ed. by E. Knowles and J. Elliott. –
Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. – 357 p.
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Учебное издание
Третьякова Марина Федоровна
ЛЕКСИКОЛОГИЯ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА
Учебно-методическое пособие
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