Английский для магистрантов. Практикум
.pdfРАЗДЕЛ 2
World News
1. Замените прямую речь косвенной. Укажите источник информации (см. в скобках):
1. «In the light of the recent events in Norway surveillance must be enhanced»! (Defense Minister).
Например: According to Defense Minister, surveillance must be enhanced in Norway. Или: Defense Minister claims for enhancing surveillance in Norway.
Или: Defense Minister believed surveillance had to be* enhanced in Norway.
2.«In today's world, the smartest place to invest is in Dubai» (The Economist online — July 27th 2011).
3.«On the dollar, the currency seems to be changing its role as the
«risk-off» asset» (Jens Nordvig of Nomura).
4.«The dollar has weakened. This is bad news for foreign investors (notably the Asian central banks) who are losing money on both the currency and their fixed income positions» (July 27th 2011, 13:27 by Buttonwood).
5.«Twenty years after India’s historic economic reforms, it’s time for another big effort» (Readers' comments).
6.«Voting intentions were, indeed, affected by seeing the flag. Thus the Stars and Stripes may change the outcomes of elections»
(Melissa Ferguson of Cornell University report).
7.«Can I really check in for Delta Air Lines flights on my phone»? (blog post).
8.«Who’s the greatest innovator of the past decade»? (The Economist Quiz).
9.«Robots don’t complain. Or demand higher wages, or kill themselves. We plan to hire 1m robots by 2013» (Terry Gou, the chief executive of the Taiwanese-owned company, Hong Kong).
10.«So the real reason for the success of British Rolls-Royce or Japanese Hitachi is that the respective governments have helped them with funding» (The Economist: A tale of two industries).
*Не забывайте о согласовании времен, где это необходимо.
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2. Используя словарь, устно переведите статью с английского на русский язык. Письменно сформулируйте на английском языке свое отношение к прочитанному:
Justice in Ukraine: Tymoshenko taken in
Aug 6th 2011, 11:29 by A.O. | MOSCOW
YULIA TYMOSHENKO, Ukraine’s former prime minister, is no stranger to a prison cell. In 2001, she was incarcerated for 42 days during a stand-off with Ukraine’s then president, before being exonerated by a court.
Yet her dramatic courtroom arrest yesterday, during her trial on charges of concluding an illegal gas-price deal with Russia in 2009, came as a surprise. The heroine of the 2004 pro-Western Orange revolution, Ms Tymoshenko has long predicted that she will be found guilty. A conviction could lead to a ten-year prison sentence.
She has fiercely protested her innocence and insisted that the trial is a politically motivated farce designed to destroy her as a rival to
Viktor Yanukovich, the country’s president. (Many in the West agree). Ukraine will hold parliamentary elections next year and a presidential poll in 2015, and Ms Tymoshenko is by far the most prominent opposition leader.
She was taken into custody for an unspecified period yesterday after the presiding judge, Rodion Kireyev, accused her of systematically disrupting the trial’s proceedings. Soon afterwards, amid chaotic scenes inside and outside the court, she was driven — handcuffed and surrounded by riot police—to a detention centre in Kiev. Local reports suggest she is being held in a VIP cell.
Ms Tymoshenko has not, it is true, been the model defendant. She has refused to stand for the judge, called him a monster, dispatched mocking Tweets on her iPad from the courtroom, turned up late and pretended that she does not speak Russian.
Yet her disrespectful courtroom behaviour hardly justified her arrest.
It looks instead like an attempt by Mr Yanukovich’s government, which nurses a deep personal grievance against Ms Tymoshenko, to
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test the waters by assessing international and domestic reaction to her detention (which may last only a few days).
If that is the purpose of her theatrical arrest, Mr Yanukovich is unlikely to be reassured. Russia, a powerful regional broker and a country not known for its dedication to due process, issued a statement that sounded like a rebuke. The Russian foreign ministry insisted that the gas deal for which Ms Tymoshenko is on trial was completely legal, and called on the Ukrainian government to ensure that «basic human norms and rights» are observed in her trial. Reaction from the United States and Europe has, needless to say, also been negative.
Since he came to power last year, Mr Yanukovich has tried to forge a foreign policy based on good relations with Brussels, Moscow and Washington. He has not always succeeded. He has paid lip-service to basic democratic principles while appearing to rule Ukraine in an increasingly authoritarian style.
If Mr Yanukovich was considering leaning on the court to convict Mrs Tymoshenko, the reaction to yesterday's arrest may suggest that the political price of doing so may be too high.
3. Используя словарь, устно переведите статью с английского на русский язык. Выделите ключевую информацию, представленную в данной статье, и обсудите ее на английском языке с партнером:
The Americas: Canada and international justice
Be off with you
Aug 4th 2011, 14:52 by M.D. | OTTAWA
«WANTED» posters aren’t seen much these days outside of Western films. But Canadian government officials are crowing over their recent success in repackaging this age-old law-enforcement tactic for the internet age. On July 21st the country’s Border Services Agency
(CBSA) put on its website the names and photos of 30 people it said were war criminals hiding in Canada, and asked for tips on their whereabouts. By July 29th, five of them had been arrested. They will
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soon be deported to their countries of origin. People «active or complicit in war crimes and crimes against humanity can no longer hide in the shadows», proclaimed Vic Toews, the minister of public safety, after the fourth suspect was captured. He says he hopes to expand the cyber-posters to cover other categories of fugitives as well.
Observers outside the government have been a bit more cautious in evaluating the programme. First, the authorities have not disclosed whether the arrests depended on tips from people who saw the web site, or whether the police were already on the suspects’ trail. Moreover, the list probably does not include any Ratko Mladics. It is thought to consist mostly of people who once belonged to security forces in countries where war crimes have been committed, such as Congo and Ghana, or have relatives that did. These individuals are guilty of immigration violations for failing to leave the country when their residency applications were rejected. But the government has not revealed any evidence directly tying them to specific atrocities.
Canada is making little pretence of presuming the suspects’ innocence of these vague allegations. Although Mr Toews insists that «we are not making a finding of guilt or innocence», the CBSA web site says that «it has been determined that [the suspects] violated human or international rights under the Crimes Against Humanity and War Crimes Act or under international law». One man on the list, a Salvadoran army veteran named Francisco Manuel Hernбndez Hernбndez, moved to the United States in 1993 after Canada rejected his refugee application. He is now an American citizen and a pastor in New York. He is threatening to sue if CBSA does not remove his name and photo from its web site.
Most importantly, if the government is right that vicious war criminals are on the loose in Canadian territory, it is shirking its obligation to bring them to justice. Suspected war criminals from foreign conflicts can be tried under Canadian law. And if the government decides not to undertake that costly and lengthy process, it could still try to arrange extraditions, which would guarantee that the suspects would face trial elsewhere. Instead, Canada simply plans to put them on the first flight out and wash its hands of them. «It’s appalling the way they are handling it», says Jayne Stoyles, the executive director of the Canadian Centre for International Justice, a campaign group.
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Canada’s immigration system can certainly be taken advantage of by visitors with unsavoury pasts. The country accepts around 250,000 «New Canadians» a year through a drawn-out process that makes it easy for applicants to disappear. In 2008 the government’s auditorgeneral reported that immigration officials had lost track of 41,000 rejected candidates. Ms Stoyles estimates that as many as 2,000 alleged war criminals may be living in Canada. But the right-wing government’s disinterest in determining these suspects’ guilt or innocence suggests that it is more concerned with courting antiimmigrant and law-and-order conservatives at home than with the fight for justice abroad.
4. Письменно переведите статью с английского на русский язык. Составьте словарь политической лексики, которая употребляется в данной статье:
Например: 1. To need urgent help — срочно нуждаться в помощи.
2. ….
Hunger in the Horn of Africa
Aug 4th 2011, 17:48 by The Economist online
NEVER again, said the world after the horror Ethiopia's famine in 1984. And for years famine seemed to have departed Africa. But after the worst drought in 60 years, it has returned. Northern Kenya, south-eastern Ethiopia, southern Somalia and Djibouti have been worst hit. The UN estimates that more than 12m people in the Horn of Africa need urgent help; tens of thousands have already died and hundreds of thousands more risk starvation. Livestock have been annihilated. Hundreds of thousands of people are streaming into refugee camps in search of help. Malnutrition rates in some areas are five times more severe than the threshold aid agencies use to define a crisis. Many children are already dying of starvation.
Ethiopian Recycler wrote: Hungry People Are Not Free People!
In the early 1990s the US and Britain made sure Meles Zenawi and his ethnic party took power in Addis Ababa. The two nations' Embas-
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sies became ground zero for consultation and where such a road map was ratified. Mr. Meles promised «three meals a day», «multiparty democracy», and not to repeat anything Mengistu’s Derg had engaged in. For complying he was granted legitimacy and shots of aid after aid after aid. Twenty years on the nation is still plagued by hunger, corruption, mass and unlawful incarcerations, and absence of strong opposition or free press. There was not a single year millions have not been starving and a single time Mr. Meles was not publicly denying the problem existed. But aid has been flowing in at the rate of 3 billions per year.
In his 'Democracy as a Universal Value' Amartya Sen has said: «Famines are easy to prevent if there is a serious effort to do so, and a democratic government, facing elections and criticisms from opposition parties and independent newspapers, cannot help but make such an effort».
The ruling minority in Ethiopia reneged its pledges to the constitution and run every credible opposition out of town to establish a oneparty state: a thinly veiled socialism labeled «developmental state». Mr. Meles and his ethnic party will have been in power a quarter of a century by the end of this term. Under the guise of self-censorship, it clamped down on free press. This, in every sense, has been nothing but a return to the dreaded Mengistu-era governance. State-run rationing stores are back with long lines to boot. Government price controls on basic commodities has created such a dire situation that public outrage spilling onto the streets is imminently anticipated. This, in turn, could force the ruling minority to resort to violent intervention. Will the US and Britain be standing by and chattering about law and order?
Over 8 billions of illicit money left the country in less than two decades, according to UN Financial Integrity Report [2011]. Corruption and widespread fear are two issues plaguing Ethiopian society at the moment. Chinese imperialists are making things worse; their technology is in the service of jamming broadcasts and eavesdropping devises trained on the public [the latter is perhaps not so strange to Britain and its publics]. And now hunger comes to the cities and rural areas [excepting Mr. Meles’s region].
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The Economist should be ashamed of itself. Archived reports on Ethiopia are clearly so lopsided and less factual that we had to wonder if you were not paid for writing them.
Famine in the early 1970s and 1980s and the secrecy and denial of it was what eventually brought down the governments of Emperor Haileselassie and of the Derg. In all fairness the Economist should be investigating the following issues: a) mining deals between the ruling minority and foreign companies — especially British companies; b) land lease to Arab and Indian agri-business, the displacement of the small farmer and destruction of pristine forests and the resulting famine. [Incidentally, you were one of the first to condemn the Derg regime for «villagization» and «resettlement» programs; will you do similarly now the ruling minority is planning to do just that or be fooled into accepting that this time it is going to be strictly «voluntary»?]; с) Ms. Reeyot Alemu was sent to jail on account of reporting fundraising tactics employed by the government [that every worker pay a month's salary spread over a year — exactly what Mengistu's regime did] for dam construction. Today the government reported about $200 millions have been raised in this manner. Talk of priorities.
Ms. Reeyot and Mr. Woubshet were labeled «terrorists» for exercising their constitutional rights and sent to jail under a «anti-terror» law hastily put together to forestall the kind of uprisings the world witnessed in North Africa and the Middle East. Hunger is just the symptom; the real ailment is somewhere else. It is absence of free press, lack of transparency, less state intervention and, above all, the freedom to choose who to vote in and who to vote out.
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РАЗДЕЛ 3
Business World
1. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Объясните значение выделенных слов и словосочетаний на английском языке:
1.Discovering the real reasons for the market plunge may take time.
2.Stephen Hester, the boss of RBS, suggested in a radio interview this morning, the problem is not so much the banks but global economic imbalances.
3.For all the fuss over America’s debt-ceiling talks, Europe’s crisis is the bigger worry.
4.A lousy debt deal, rising fears of a recession, the danger of longer-term stagnation: America’s outlook is grim.
5.Last year a federal judge shook America’s biotech industry to its core: by 2005 some 20 % of human genes were patented, but in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable.
6.Bond spreads show how sickly the euro zone is getting.
7.The euro's generals are in danger of wasting their ammunition.
8.Europe’s leaders are going on holiday, but the markets are not.
9.Stock markets struggle in the face of sluggish rich-world growth.
10.Governments in the rich world have painted themselves into a corner.
11.Japan intervenes to halt the yen, joining the game of «pass the deflationary parcel».
12.Since 2004 sales by volume of LCD flat-panel screens, used in televisions, computers and mobile phones have increased tenfold, and their prices have fallen by three-quarters.
13.Hitachi and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, hit by post-Fukushima fall-out, discuss a merger.
14.Japan’s electronics companies once epitomised its national power and defined late-20th-century consumer technology: Sony introduced the transistor radio and the Walkman, Toshiba was first to mass-produce laptops.
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15.Japanese electronics firms see outsourcing as part of the solution to their woes.
16.Sitting in the office of an Indian boss when the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) raises interest rates with an unexpectedly aggressive jerk, things get a little tense.
17.What happens at the bargaining table over the next six weeks could determine the long-term viability of both the union and Detroit’s Big Three carmakers.
18.Mr. Toyoda took the reins in 2009, just as Toyota displaced
General Motors as the world’s largest car company.
19.With a degree from Stanford, a renowned British university, and several years’ work experience in a leading investment bank, British graduates believed they knew how to get into a top MBA programme.
20.Spain’s IE Business School is launching two new finance programmes: the Executive Master in Finance, a part time programme which will launch next year; and the Global Master in Finance, which mixes online and residential modules in London and Madrid, starting in October.
2. Используя словарь, устно переведите статью на русский язык. Составьте словарь кулинарных терминов, использованных в ней, и предложения со словосочетаниями, выделенными жирным шрифтом:
Например: 1. Vegetarian burgers — вегетарианские гамбургеры. 2. Paneer based — панированный, в панировке.
BUSINESS TODAY
Say (Cottage) Cheese
McDonald's paneer burger for the Indian palate
Kushan Mitra Edition: June 12, 2011
Every April McDonald's India executives hold an offsite meeting to chart the brand's future growth plans and consider modifications to its menu. At the 2009 meeting, the team felt that while McDonald's
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India had an excellent array of vegetarian products, there was no 'premium' — priced above Rs 50 — offering on this platter. It decided there should be one. Abhijit Upadhye, menu management and supply chain head, was given the responsibility of creating it.
That was the starting point of a two-year-long saga that culminated in the launch of 'McSpicy Paneer' in end-March this year, which has proved so popular that most McDonald's Indian outlets keep running out of stock every day.
India is the fast food chain's global vegetarian hub. It is also the only country where McDonald's does not serve its iconic Big Mac, since the burger patty contains beef. Until recently it was also the only country where McDonald's served vegetarian burgers, though lately, the United Arab Emirates has been picking up McDonald's vegetarian products too, primarily to cater to the expatriate Indian population.
Upadhye, who earlier played a key role in adapting McDonald's French fries for the Indian market and launched the breakfast menu in India, began from scratch. Early on, he and his team decided — on the basis of focus group studies — that the premium burger would be paneer based. The problem? No one had ever made a paneer burger before.
McDonald's had introduced paneer in its menu earlier — it used to have McCurry Pan, which comprised crumbled paneer nuggets — but the paneer burger was a different ball game. Consumer feedback showed they wanted a large slice of paneer filling — and easy as it sounds, that presented a host of problems.
As Sudha Shankarnaryanan, General Manager, Product Development and Quality Assurance, points out, there is very little written material on paneer. «Even Indian cookbooks have barely a page on paneer processing», she says. In a company like McDonald's which is devoted to processes, it meant Shankarnaryanan would have to delineate and standardise the process herself. The first task she embarked upon, along with McDonald's India's largest food processor Vista, was to figure out a way to massproduce a spicy paneer 'fillet', that would comprise the filling of the paneer burger.
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