- •Preface
- •Contents
- •Procedures, Assays, and Normal Values
- •Normal Cells of the Blood and Hematopoietic Organs
- •The Individual Cells of Hematopoiesis
- •Bone Marrow: Cell Composition and Principles of Analysis
- •Abnormalities of the White Cell Series
- •Predominance of Mononuclear Round to Oval Cells
- •Prevalence of Polynuclear (Segmented) Cells
- •Erythrocyte and Thrombocyte Abnormalities
- •Hypochromic Anemias
- •Normochromic Anemias
- •Hyperchromic Anemias
- •Erythrocyte Inclusions
- •Thrombocyte Abnormalities
- •Cytology of Organ Biopsies and Exudates
- •Lymph Node Cytology
- •Branchial Cysts and Bronchoalveolar Lavage
- •Cytology of Pleural Effusions and Ascites
- •Cytology of Cerebrospinal Fluid
- •Introduction to the Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Hematopoietic System
- •Cell Systems
- •Principles of Regulation and Dysregulation in the Blood Cell Series and their Diagnostic Implications
- •Procedures, Assays, and Normal Values
- •Taking Blood Samples
- •Erythrocyte Count
- •Hemoglobin and Hematocrit Assay
- •Calculation of Erythrocyte Parameters
- •Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
- •Reticulocyte Count
- •Leukocyte Count
- •Thrombocyte Count
- •Significance of the Automated Blood Count
- •Bone Marrow Biopsy
- •Lymph Node Biopsy and Tumor Biopsy
- •Step-by-Step Diagnostic Sequence
- •The Individual Cells of Hematopoiesis
- •Eosinophilic Granulocytes (Eosinophils)
- •Basophilic Granulocytes (Basophils)
- •Monocytes
- •Lymphocytes (and Plasma Cells)
- •Megakaryocytes and Thrombocytes
- •Bone Marrow: Medullary Stroma Cells
- •Abnormalities of the White Cell Series
- •Predominance of Mononuclear Round to Oval Cells
- •Reactive Lymphocytosis
- •Relative Lymphocytosis Associated with Granulocytopenia (Neutropenia) and Agranulocytosis
- •Monocytosis
- •Acute Leukemias
- •Neutrophilia without Left Shift
- •Reactive Left Shift
- •Osteomyelosclerosis
- •Elevated Eosinophil and Basophil Counts
- •Clinically Relevant Classification Principle for Anemias: Mean Erythrocyte Hemoglobin Content (MCH)
- •Hypochromic Anemias
- •Iron Deficiency Anemia
- •Hypochromic Infectious or Toxic Anemia (Secondary Anemia)
- •Hypochromic Anemia with Hemolysis
- •Normochromic Anemias
- •Normochromic Hemolytic Anemias
- •Cytomorphological Anemias with Erythrocyte Anomalies
- •Bone Marrow Aplasia
- •Hyperchromic Anemias
- •Erythrocyte Inclusions
- •Hematological Diagnosis of Malaria
- •Thrombocyte Abnormalities
- •Thrombocytopenia
- •Lymph Node Cytology
- •Sarcoidosis and Tuberculosis
- •Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
- •Metastases of Solid Tumors in Lymph Nodes or Subcutaneous Tissue
- •Branchial Cysts
- •Cytology of Pleural Effusions and Ascites
- •Cytology of Cerebrospinal Fluid
- •References
- •Index
x |
Contents |
|
Polycythemia Vera (Erythremic Polycythemia) |
|
|
and Erythrocytosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
162 |
|
Thrombocyte Abnormalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
164 |
|
Thrombocytopenia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
164 |
|
|
Thrombocytopenias Due to Increased Demand |
|
|
(High Turnover) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
164 |
|
Thrombocytopenias Due to Reduced Cell Production . . . . . . . . . . |
168 |
Thrombocytosis (Including Essential Thrombocythemia) . . . . . . . . |
170 |
|
|
Essential Thrombocythemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
170 |
Cytology of Organ Biopsies and Exudates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
173 |
|
Lymph Node Cytology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
174 |
|
Reactive Lymph Node Hyperplasia and Lymphogranulomatosis |
|
|
(Hodgkin Disease) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
176 |
|
Sarcoidosis and Tuberculosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
180 |
|
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
182 |
|
Metastases of Solid Tumors in Lymph Nodes or Subcutaneous |
|
|
Tissue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
182 |
|
Branchial Cysts and Bronchoalveolar Lavage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
184 |
|
Branchial Cysts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
184 |
|
Cytology of the Respiratory System, Especially Bronchoalveolar |
|
|
Lavage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
184 |
|
Cytology of Pleural Effusions and Ascites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
186 |
|
Cytology of Cerebrospinal Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
188 |
|
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
190 |
|
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
191 |
Physiology and Pathophysiology of
Blood Cells: Methods and Test
Procedures