A.S. Pushkin

Pushkin is the most important Russian writer of all time, like Shakespeare in England or Dante in Italy. Pushkin provided the standards for Russian arts and literature in the 19^th century.

Pushkin was born in Moscow in 1799 in an upper-class family. In 1811 he entered a lyceum at Tsarskoye Selo. The education offered at the lyceum shaped Pushkin's life. Having graduated from the lyceum Pushkin began to work in the foreign office in St. Petersburg.

In 1820 the foreign office transferred Pushkin to Ekaterinoslav, and later to Odessa for writing anti-tsarist poetry. Then he was exiled to Mikhailovskoye. In 1824 Tsar Nicolas I allowed Pushkin to return to Moscow.

Pushkin felt in love with Natalya Goncharova and they got married. His wife was suspected of an affair with Baron Georges d'Antes. Pushkin challenged d'Antes to a duel. Pushkin was wounded and died two days later.

Pushkin created also a number of masterpieces in drama and prose, "Eugene Onegin", "Little Tragedies" and "The Stone guest" being the best works in the world history of drama. Pushkin's use of Russian influenced the language of Great Russian writers Turgenev, Goncharov, Tolstoy.

Pushkin's early death shocked the country. Pushkin, called by many "the sun of Russian literature", belongs among the foremost poets and writers of the world.

V. Письменно ответьте на вопрос к тексту: Why did Pushkin challenge d'Antes to a duel?

Контрольное задание № 5 (вариант 2)

Для того, чтобы правильно выполнить задание № 5, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:

139. Грамматические функции глаголов should, would.

140. Обороты с инфинитивом и причастием, равнозначные придаточным предложениям.

141. Различные значения слов: as, because, because of, due to, for, since, both ... and, either ... or, neither ... nor.

Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов should и would.

142. In order to satisfy the demands of comprehensive automation the output of automatic instruments should be greatly increased.

143. Had man learnt to control thermonuclear explosions he would have a practically inexhaustible source of energy.

144. In the future new alloys and synthetic materials should replace the metals we use today.

II. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык,

принимая во внимание, что инфинитивные и причастные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.

145. When developing space technology we are facing a number of difficult problems.

146. Scientists consider solar energy to be an ideal source of power for artificial satellites.

147. Many sources of X-rays are supposed to exist in the Universe, but the technical difficulties of observing them are great.

148. Having subjected crystals to X-radiation the scientists could obtain materials with special properties.

149. Architects have designed and built houses to be heated by solar energy.

III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык,

обращая внимание на различные значения выделенных слов.

1. For a long time the scientists dreamed to obtain electric powerdirectly from the sun.

2. Man has recognized that sunlight is a powerful source of energy sinceancient times.

3. In the field of chemistry lasers are used either for diagnostic purposesor for producing chemical changes.

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